磁共振成像在女性性功能障碍研究中的应用

女性性功能障碍(FSD)是涉及心理因素、年龄、躯体疾病、药物等多方面的疾病。磁共振成像(MRI)由于其无创性及软组织对比度高,对研究FSD具有优势。大脑MRI检查发现FSD患者和正常性功能女性大脑功能活化部位和信号传导存在显著差异,盆腔MRI发现阴蒂位置和大小与性功能关系密切,并且有助于确定FSD患者病变区域。通过MRI对正常性功能女性和FSD患者中枢神经系统和周围生殖器官对比分析,对探索FSD病因和选择治疗方式有重要价值。     

妇科良性疾病与女性性功能障碍相关性分析

目的探讨妇科良性疾病与女性性功能障碍(FSD)相关性,为防治FSD的发生及防治提供理论依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,选取中等收入城市及农村居民区20岁及其以上女性进行问卷调查,收集其人口学特征及目前所患妇科疾病(经诊断确诊过的疾病)等信息。采用中文版女性性功能量表(FSFI)进行FSD评估,总分小于26.55说明存在FSD。应用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析妇科良性疾病与FSD相关性。结果发放问卷1 130份,收回1 068份(回收率94.5%),去除不符合要求问卷80份,共纳入有效问卷988份。988例被访者中妇科良性疾病患者占39.8%(393/988),为患病组,其余为健康组。393例患者中,性功能障碍者占71.2%(280/393),高于健康组性功能障碍患病率(P0.05)。与健康组相比,患病组在总分及性欲、性唤起、性高潮方面的评分分值均较健康组低(P0.05)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,妇科良性疾病、年龄(≥40岁)及绝经是FSD的独立危险因素,较高的教育水平是其保护性因素。结论 FSD是一个重要的公共卫生问题,甘肃省在妇科良性疾病者中FSD现患率较高,应加强性健康教育,降低FSD发生率。     

女性性功能障碍的常见病因

女性的性功能障碍是一种常见和多发疾病,给夫妻生活带来显著的不良影响,而明确其病因是合理诊治的基础。本文介绍了女性性功能障碍的常见病因,主要包括心理与社会因素、神经因素、性激素异常、疾病因素、药物因素和产后。     

经阴道前壁手术对女性性功能的影响

目的 研究经阴道前壁手术对患者性生活的影响和随着术后时间延长性功能的变化趋势.方法 2001年1月至2007年1月在我院接受经阴道无张力尿道中段悬吊术(TVT)、经闭孔无张力吊带术(TVT-O)、前路植入网带及整体植入网带术的患者共142例,109例同意参加本研究.采用改良Lemack问卷评估术前3个月、术后6～12个月及术后12个月以后患者性生活质量.结果 109例患者中有48例是术前和(或)术后无性生活,余61例(56.0%)患者手术前后均有性生活.患者性生活的频率、对性生活的感觉、性高潮频率、性生活时是否感觉阴道存在吊带或网带及性伴不适症状术后与术前相比,差异均无统计学意义.根据患者对性功能的主观感受,21例(34.4%)自觉术后性功能下降,12例(19.7%)自觉改善,28例(45.9%)自觉无变化;术后12个月以后也无进一步改变.结论 61例患者中有40例患者(65.6%)术后性功能未受损,术后12个月以后与术后6～12个月相比,性功能未发生进一步变化.     

男性肝移植受者血清性激素水平及性功能的研究

目的 探讨男性肝移植受者术后血清性激素恢复过程及性生活质量.方法 采集69例原发病为良性肝病的已婚男性肝脏移植受者移植前后1～6个月血清标本,采用放射免疫法分析测定血清睾酮、雌二醇,采用酶联免疫吸附法性激素结合球蛋白的浓度,选择同期本院健康已婚体检男性23例为健康对照组.随访研究组69例肝移植术后存活半年以上的24～45岁患者的性功能状态.结果 患者肝移植术前血清雌二醇和性激素结合球蛋白明显高于健康对照组(雌二醇:87.56±31.21 vs.26.00±9.12,u=9.30,P＜0.0001,性激素结合球蛋白:134.50±30.68 vs.51.04±12.05,u=12.69,P＜O.0001)；睾酮明显低于健康对照组(睾酮:2.02±1.28 vs.4.82±1.48,u=-8.73,P＜0.0001)；与患者术前终末期肝病模型评分(model for end-stage liver disease,MELD)相关(分别r =0.80,r=-0.77,r =0.72,均P＜0.0001),术后2周时血清雌二醇与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义,术后1个月时血清睾酮和性激素结合球蛋白与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义.结论 男性肝移植术后1个月内血清雌二醇、血清睾酮和性激素结合球蛋白水平恢复正常,术后半年时性功能得到明显改善.     

女性性功能障碍研究现状

女性性功能障碍 (ｆｅｍａｌｅｓｅｘｕａｌｄｙｓ ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎＦＳＤ )患病率约为 2 5 %～6 3%[1 3 ] ,主要表现有性唤起障碍、阴道干涩、性交疼痛或不适及性高潮困难等[2 ] 。为提高对女性性功能障碍的认识 ,现将有关研究现状综述如下。一、女性性功能的调节1.女性性功能的神经调节 :调节阴道阴蒂平滑肌及阴道阴蒂血管平滑肌张力的神经机制不明。初步研究显示 ,血管活性肠多肽 (ＶＩＰ)和一氧化氮 (ＮＯ)参与了阴道舒张和分泌过程的调控 ,现已证实ＮＯ存在于阴蒂海绵体的平滑肌中[4 ] 。ＮＯ为非肾上腺素能 /非胆碱能(ＮＡＮＣ)神经…     

女性性功能障碍的治疗

随着对女性生理的了解加深,人们对女性性功能障碍的观察方法也发生了改变,血管、神经、生化和内分泌等系统随着衰老和疾病状况也会发生改变,影响女性对性的反应。一些新的研究资料显示药物干预可能适合这些性功能障碍的女性,性激素可以影响人的心情、健康和生殖器的生理,但是,一些证据却带来不同的看法,激素不平衡引起的症状也可以由其它情况引起,医生在确诊为性腺功能的     

女性性功能障碍的治疗进展

随着社会的进步和性医学的发展,女性性功能障碍的治疗水平不断提高。本文综述了女性性功能障碍的基本治疗方法,包括心理治疗、性行为疗法、机械治疗、生活方式调整和体育锻炼、针灸、药物、手术及基因治疗,提出要客观认识现有治疗手段的局限性,强调以患者为中心的综合治疗原则,以及加强患者认知教育,全面改善女性性功能障碍的治疗现状。     

行为疗法治疗女性性功能障碍56例报告

目的 :探索在我国应用行为疗法治疗女性性功能障碍的疗效 ,并结合国情进行改良 ,以提高可行性并有利于推广应用。　方法 :征得自愿接受行为疗法的 56例女性心理性性功能障碍病人 ,按玛斯特斯 约翰逊提出的性感集中训练为基本模式 ,结合中国国情进行改良 ,着重在突破传统观念的束缚 ,加强健康性观念、性知识和性技巧的教育 ,在进行心理治疗和行为疗法的同时处理好婚姻问题、社会问题 ,并强调配偶积极参与治疗的重要性。　结果 :治愈 2 6例 (46 .43 % ) ,好转 2 4例 (42 .86 % ) ,总有效率 89.2 9% ,无效 6例 (1 0 .71 % )。　结论 :行为疗法治疗女性性心理性功能障碍有着显著的疗效 ,但尚存在费时较长并对治疗医生专业素质要求较高等问题     

雄激素与女子性功能障碍

一、女子性功能障碍的定义及其流行病学资料女子性功能障碍是指性欲、性想象、性思维、性唤起、性感觉减退,性交时出现麻木感、高潮困难、阴道干燥、疼痛等表现,并由此给患者带来痛苦,如只出现前述症状而没有给患者带来痛苦的不能诊断为性功能障碍。一些国家的流行病学调查显示,24%～43%的女性曾经经历过某种形式的与性相关的健康问题,但是,由于女子性功能的生理机制复杂,而且     

Influence of ageing and some lifestyle factors on male gonadal function: a study in Bulgaria

There are few systematic studies on the relationship between blood testosterone concentrations and the symptoms of androgen deficiency in ageing males. To assess the changes in sex hormone levels with age in relation with some lifestyle factors, the serum levels of total testosterone (TT), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in 33 men, age range 40-89 years. In addition, free testosterone (FT) and the free androgen index (FAI) were calculated. Seventeen healthy men under 40 years were involved as controls. The men over 40 years revealed significantly decreased TT, FT and FAI, and in the subgroup of men over 60 years, FSH and SHBG were significantly increased. Pearson's analysis showed that TT levels were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.464, P < 0.01) and body weight (r = -0.413, P < 0.05). SHBG levels were significantly correlated not only with age (r = +0.407, P < 0.05), but also with LH (r = +0.605, P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (r = +0.382, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the TT, FT and FAI decreased in males over 40 years, but the alterations in hormone levels with age are more pronounced in men over 60 years. The important determinants of sex hormones are age, BMI and some lifestyle factors.     

Euthyroid sick syndrome in trauma patients with severe inflammatory response syndrome

Objective： To investigate the alternations of thyroid hormone in traumatic patients with severe inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS）. Methods： Fifty traumatic patients with severe SIRS were enrolled and divided into two groups according to whether they presented multiorgan dysfunction syndrome （MODS）. Thyroid hormone measurements were taken, including total triiodothyronine （ TT3 ）, total thyroxine （TT4）, free triiodothyronine （FT3）, free thyroxine （ FT4 ） and thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH）. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II （ APACHE II ） score was calculated according to clinical data. The outcomes of recovery or deterioration were recorded, as well as the length of time from the onset of SIRS to the time thyroid hormones were measured. Results： Euthyroid sick syndrome （ESS） was presented in 45 cases. TT3 level was negatively correlated with APACHE II score （r = -0.330, P 〈0. 05）, and TT3/TI＇4 value was negatively correlated with the duration of SIRS（ r = -0.316, P〈0.05）. TT3, TT4 and levels in MODS patients were significantly lower than those without MODS （ P 〈 0.05 ）. MODS patients got low TT4 or FT4 level more frequently than those without MODS （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Compared with the patients in normal TSH group, the patients with decreased TSH had lower T3, T4, recovery rate and higher APACHE II scores, MODS incidence, but there was no difference between two groups （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： Trauma patients with severe SIRS have high possibility to get ESS, which occurs more frequently and severely in MODS patients. It shows the influences of SIRS on the thyroid axes. With the persistence and aggravation of SIRS, there is a progressive reduction of thyroid hormone.     

Association of hypogonadism symptoms and serum hormones in aging males

The association between hypogonadism symptoms and the levels of serum hormones are still in debate. To investigate the relationship between hypogonadism symptoms and serum hormones in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men, this community-based cross-sectional study was conducted based on a total of 965 ageing men. The ageing males’ symptom (AMS) scale, International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaires and related variables were assessed. Blood tests for total testosterone (TT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and luteinising hormone (LH) were performed. Serum level of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (Bio-T) was calculated. The mean age was 56.34 ± 8.85 years. Total AMS score was significantly associated with all five serum hormones (LH: p < 0.001; SHBG: p < 0.001; TT: p =.043; FT: p = 0.007; Bio-T: p < 0.001). We identified sexual and somatic symptoms were obviously related to five serum hormones, while psychological symptoms seemed to have no association with serum hormones. After adjusting for age and BMI, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that LH had positive correlations with total AMS score, somatic and sexual symptom score (p < 0.05). In conclusion, LH and SHBG had the strongest correlation hypogonadism and might be used as early predictors for symptomatic hypogonadism in the near future.     

Relationship of serum sex-steroid hormones and prostate volume in African American men

BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiologic investigations of the associations of sex-steroid hormones and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have focused on predominately white populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential associations of body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, use of alcohol, and endogenous sex-steroid hormones with prostate volume in a population-based sample of African American (AA) men, ages 40-79 yr. METHODS: A total of 369 AA men without clinical evidence of prostate cancer were identified in the Flint Men's Health Study by using a population-based sampling procedure. All subjects underwent a complete urologic evaluation that included prostate volume determination by transrectal ultrasonography and serum assays for androgens and estrogens. RESULTS: After age adjustment, BMI (weight (kg)/height (m)2) was positively correlated with increasing levels of androstanediol glucuronide (AG), estradiol (E2), estrone sulfate (E1S), and the ratios of E2:total testosterone (TT) and E2:free testosterone (FT); however, increasing BMI was negatively correlated with androstenedione (AD), FT, TT, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Multivariable regression models demonstrated that prostate volume increased with age (P < 0.001) and BMI (P = 0.02) and decreased with increasing levels of SHBG (P = 0.01). Larger prostatic volumes were also marginally associated with increasing levels of TT (P = 0.058). CONCLUSION: Circulating serum levels of SHBG and endogenous sex-steroid hormones are correlated with prostate volume and potentially impact the natural history of BPH. However, longitudinal studies are needed to demonstrate the temporal relationships of hormones and growth factors in the pathogenesis of BPH in AA men.     

Effect of fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia during cardiac surgery on serum thyroid hormones

Twenty-five euthyroid patients who underwent cardiac surgery with fentanyl-oxygen anesthesia were studied. The authors confirm that some thyroid hormones undoubtedly take part in a non-specific pool of reactions caused by surgical stress. For one or more days, all the patients had total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels clearly below the normal values, with a parallel increase in reverse triiodothyronine (rT3, biologically inactive). Changes in total (TT4) and free thyroxine (FT4), although significant, were smaller and hard to interpret. The most important changes occurred on the first postoperative day. Of seven patients who before the operation had a TT3 value below the lower normal limit, six had at discharge a mean TT3 level significantly above it. Serum TT3 concentrations could be a reliable prognostic index. High-dose fentanyl anesthesia probably does not affect thyroid hormone response to surgical stress. To date, the mechanisms which cause reduction of serum triiodothyronine have not been fully discovered and it is not known for certain whether this reduction is beneficial to the human organism.     

Sexual dysfunction in women with hyperprolactinemia: a pilot study report

PURPOSE: Hyperprolactinemia is a common hormonal disorder in women that may affect the phases of female sexual function (FSD). We investigated sexual function in patients with hyperprolactinemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 25 women with primary hyperprolactinemia and 16 age matched voluntary healthy women who served as the as control group were evaluated with a detailed medical and sexual history, including a female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory. Serum prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, androstenedione, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol, free thyroxin and thyrotropin were measured. These variables were compared statistically between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Except for prolactin serum hormone levels in women with hyperprolactinemia were not different from those in the control group. The median total FSFI score was 23.40 (IQR 17.70 to 27.30) in the hyperprolactinemic group, whereas healthy women had a median total FSFI score of 31.10 (IQR 27.55 to 32.88, p < 0.0001). FSD was diagnosed in 22 of 25 patients (88%), while 4 of 16 healthy women (25%) had FSD (p = 0.03). Desire (p = 0.001), arousal (p < 0.0001), lubrication (p = 0.001), orgasm (p = 0.001), satisfaction (p = 0.07) and pain (p = 0.003) domain scores were also significantly lower in women with hyperprolactinemia. Total FSFI (p = 0.009, r = -0.405), desire (p = 0.001, r = -0.512), arousal (p = 0.002, r = -0.466), orgasm (p = 0.026, r = 0.348) and satisfaction (p = 0.041, r = -0.320) scores negatively correlated with mean prolactin but not with the other hormones measured. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percent of women with hyperprolactinemia whom we evaluated had sexual dysfunction. No hormonal changes other than prolactin and no depression was found as a cause of FSD.     

Effect of bariatric surgery on endogenous sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundMost studies have shown beneficial effect of bariatric surgery (BS) on serum levels of sex hormones.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the magnitude of possible changes in levels of sex hormones following BS.SettingsElectronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, for relevant studies.MethodsThe heterogeneity of the studies was examined by χ² tests and the degree of heterogeneity was estimated using I² statistic.ResultsThe results of pooled analyses revealed that BS caused a significant increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels and conversely, decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and estradiol (E2) levels in males. For females, BS significantly increased LH, FSH, and SHBG levels and conversely, decreased androstenedione (AE), E2 and TT levels. Additionally, the level of progesterone (P), prolactin (PRL), free testosterone (FT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) showed no significant changes in patients who had undergone BS.ConclusionBS changed most sex hormones levels including LH, FSH, TT, SHBG, AE, DHEA, and E2. It seems that BS is able to exert substantial impacts on sex hormones levels and as well as sexual function, however, larger, and more precise trials are required to specifically focus on these claims.     

Women with low libido: correlation of decreased androgen levels with female sexual function index

The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible correlation between decreased androgen levels and female sexual function index (FSFI) in women with low libido and compare these findings with normal age-matched subjects. In total, 20 premenopausal women with low libido (mean age 36.7; range 24-51 y) and 20 postmenopausal women with low libido (mean age 54; 45-70 y), and 20 premenopausal healthy women (mean age 32.2; range 21-51 y) and 20 postmenopausal healthy women (mean age 53.5; range 48-60 y) as controls were enrolled in the current study. Women with low libido had symptoms for at least 6 months and were in stable relationships. All premenopausal patients had regular menstrual cycles and all postmenopausal patients and controls were on estrogen replacement therapy. None of the patients were taking birth control pills, corticosteroids or had a history of chronic medical illnesses. All completed the FSFI and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires. Hormones measured included: cortisol; T3, T4 and TSH; estradiol; total and free testosterone; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S); sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). We performed statistical analysis by parametric and nonparametric comparisons and correlations, as appropriate. We found significant differences between the women with low libido and the controls in total testosterone, free testosterone and DHEA-S levels and full-scale FSFI score for both pre- and postmenopausal women (P<0.05). In addition, decreased total testosterone, free testosterone and DHEA-S levels positively correlated with full-scale FSFI score and FSFI-desire, FSFI-arousal, FSFI-lubrication and FSFI-orgasm scores (P<0.05). Our data suggest that women with low libido have lower androgen levels compared to age-matched normal control groups and their decreased androgen levels correlate positively with female sexual function index domains.     

Changes in serum prolactin, sex hormones and thyroid function with alternate nightly nocturnal home haemodialysis

Aim: Uraemia is associated with hyperprolactinaemia, low total (TT) and free (FT) serum testosterone, high luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and, in women, anovulatory cycles and premature menopause. We hypothesize that extended hours haemodialysis may improve these derangements. Methods: This is an observational cohort study of 30 men (age 54 ± 13 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.1 ± 5.8 kg/m²) and seven women (age 41 ± 11 years, BMI 32.2 ± 11.2 kg/m²) established on chronic home haemodialysis (3–5 h, 3.5–5 sessions weekly) who were converted to nocturnal home haemodialysis (6–9 h, 3.5–5 sessions weekly). Serum was collected at baseline and 6 months for measurement of TT, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), LH, FSH, prolactin, thyroid‐stimulating hormone and thyroxine. Results: In the male patients (n = 25), serum prolactin significantly fell (281 (209.5–520) vs 243 (187–359) mU/L, P = 0.001) and TT (12.6 ± 5.8 vs 15.2 ± 8.1 nmol/L, P = 0.06) and FT (281 ± 118 vs 359 ± 221 pmol/L, P = 0.01) increased. SHBG, LH and FSH were unchanged. At 6 months, two of the three women under 40 years of age had return of regular menses after being amenorrhoeic or having prolonged and irregular menses at baseline. There were insufficient women in this study to further analyse changes in sex hormone levels. Thyroid function tests remained stable. Conclusion: Alternate nightly nocturnal haemodialysis significantly improves hyperprolactinaemia and hypotestosteronaemia in men. Menstrual cycling may be re‐established in young women. The effect of these changes on fertility has not been established. Patients should be counselled about the possibility of increased fertility before conversion to extended hours haemodialysis regimens.     

Female sexual dysfunction and hormonal status in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients

To investigate a possible correlation between sexual hormonal status and the presence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in females with spinal cord injuries (SCI), we selected 39 SCI fertile-aged women. At visit 1, we assessed the presence of FSD using the FSFI, and all individuals were submitted to a blood hormone evaluation on the third day of their menstrual cycle. The levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, 17[alpha]-hydroxyprogesterone; total and free testosterone, 17beta-estradiol, inhibin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and thyroid hormones (fT3 and fT4) were checked. Progesterone was measured on the 20th to 21st day after the menstrual cycle. In patients with amenorrhea, we tested all the hormones using 1 random blood test. After a 3-month period, the tests were repeated. Overall, 23/39 (58.9%) patients continued to manifest at least one sexual dysfunction. These patients reached a median score of 19.52. All but 6 patients (15.3%) consistently showed hormonal values within the normal range. Of the 6 patients with abnormal hormonal alterations, 5 showed at least one sexual dysfunction, 2 had low levels of total testosterone, 1 had a low level of free testosterone, 1 suffered from hypothyroidism, 1 presented with low levels of cortisol, and 1 showed hypoprogesterone. There was no significant correlation between abnormal hormonal status and the presence of a specific sexual dysfunction, as assessed with the FSFI.