直肠癌病人术中植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂的安全性及疗效研究

目的：探讨术中腹腔内植入5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）缓释剂对直肠癌病人的并发症发生率及免疫指标变化的影响。方法：实验组112例直肠癌病人行标准根治性手术,术中腹腔内植入缓释性5-FU;同期设对照组110例,予以单纯根治手术而不植入5-FU。术前及术后检测两组病人的肝肾功能、白细胞计数及免疫功能指标．比较术后并发症的发生情况及药物对机体免疫功能的影响。结果：两组病人术后的肝肾功能及白细胞计数指标无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。实验组CD3^＋水平低于对照组（P〈0．05）;实验组术后切口感染发生率高于对照组（P〈0．05）;两组的其他术后并发症发生率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：术中腹腔内植入5-FU缓释剂并未增加直肠癌病人的并发症发生率,且对机体免疫功能影响较小,具有较好的安全性,值得临床推广。     

术后早期经口肠内营养对结直肠癌患者康复和免疫功能的影响

目的 观察早期进食肠内营养制剂对结直肠癌患者临床结局和免疫功能的影响.方法 88例结直肠癌患者随机分为试验组(43例)和对照组(45例).试验组术后早期少量多次进水和肠内营养制剂,对照组采用传统治疗方案.比较2组患者术前和术后第1、3、7天IgA、IgG、IgM以及CD4+、CD4+/CD8+和C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protien,CRP)水平,记录术后住院天数、并发症及生活质量等指标.结果 试验组术后发热时间[(54±6)h比(65 ±6)h,=8.688,P＜0.01]、排气时间[(58±8)h比(72 ±7)h,t=8.573,P＜0.01]、住院时间[(6.9±1.4)d比(8.5±1.9)d,t=4.277,P＜0.01]以及治疗费用[(41 868 ±3 168)元比(45 950±3 714)元,t=5.536,P＜0.01]明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义,而2组术后并发症发生[18.6％ (8/43)比22.2％ (10/45),t=0.177,P＞0.05]相比差异无统计学意义;试验组出院时生活质量评分[(18.4±1.7)比(16.4±1.9),t=5.235,P＜0.01]明显高于对照组.术后第7天试验组CD4+、CD4 +/CD8+和IgM水平明显高于对照组(t=3.639,t =2.255,t=2.119,P＜0.05);术后第3天和第7天试验组IgA、IgG明显高于对照组(t=2.035,t =2.961,t=2.060,t =2.108,P＜0.05);术后第3天和第7天试验组CRP水平明显低于对照组(t =7.308,t=3.435,P＜0.05).结论 术后早期进食肠内营养制剂能够改善结直肠癌患者免疫功能,降低应激反应、促进康复.     

ω-3鱼油脂肪乳对老年胃癌患者术后恢复的影响

目的 评价ω-3鱼油脂肪乳对老年胃癌患者术后肝肾功能、炎症反应、免疫功能、术后通气时间的影响.方法 年龄65～ 80岁的胃癌患者80例,将80例患者分为试验组和对照组,每组40例.术后两组患者给予等热量肠外营养(PN),试验组和对照组分别输注含ω-3鱼油脂肪乳和普通脂肪乳.两组患者分别于术前1天和术后第7天抽取静脉血检测肝肾功能、炎症反应、免疫功能指标,并比较两组患者术后通气时间.结果 术后PN治疗6天,试验组患者的肝功能、免疫功能、炎症反应与对照组比较,明显改善,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组间肾功能及术后通气时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年胃癌患者术后应用含ω-3鱼油脂肪乳有利于改善肝功能,调节免疫功能及炎症反应,而对肾功能和术后通气时间影响不大.     

局部植入氟尿嘧啶缓释剂在直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的 探讨术中局部植入氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）缓释剂对进展期直肠癌的治疗作用.方法 收集2005年4月至2007年4月间接受直肠癌根治术并于术中局部植入5-FU缓释剂的226例进展期直肠癌患者作为试验组：收集2003年4月至2005年3月间接受直肠癌根治术但未于术中局部植入5-FU缓释剂的187例进展期直肠癌患者作为对照组.比较两组患者的预后.结果 试验组患者局部复发率为14.2%（32/226）,低于对照组40.1%（75/187,P＜0.05）;3年生存率为80.5%,高于对照组（66.3%,P＜0.05）.两组远处转移率分别为21.7%（49/226）和24.6%（46/187）,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 直肠癌根治术中局部植入5-FU缓释剂可降低术后局部复发率,提高患者生存率.     

进展期胃癌术中应用氟尿嘧啶缓释剂间质化疗的临床疗效

目的评价进展期胃癌根治术中植入5-FU缓释剂间质化疗的临床疗效和安全性。方法 102例进展期胃癌患者(术前均经胃镜和病理检查确诊)随机分为治疗组和对照组,各51例。2组均行D2根治术,治疗组在手术结束时局部植入5-FU缓释剂进行间质化疗,术后4周进行6个周期常规化疗;对照组术中不进行腹腔内干预性治疗,术后化疗方案同治疗组。结果 2组患者的腹腔引流量、白细胞水平、白蛋白水平及消化道不良反应方面的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);中位随访时间为28个月,治疗组肿瘤局部复发率低于对照组(16.3%比39.1%,P<0.05),治疗组术后3年的总生存率高于对照组(85.8%比67.3%,P<0.05)。结论进展期胃癌行D2根治术时植入5-FU缓释剂进行间质化疗无明显不良反应,能减少局部复发率,提高患者生存率,是治疗胃癌行之有效的方法。     

快速康复外科在腹腔镜结直肠癌手术中的应用及对营养指标的影响

目的:探讨快速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)在腹腔镜结直肠癌患者围手术期中的应用及对营养指标的影响。方法:将108例择期行结直肠癌根治术的患者按照随机数字表法分为两组,FTS组(n=54)在FTS理念指导下行腹腔镜手术,对照组(n=54)应用传统围手术期处理方式行腹腔镜手术。对比两组患者术后一般情况、并发症及术后营养指标的变化情况。结果:FTS组术后首次排便时间、肛门排气时间、术后进食时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);FTS组总并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。术后第7天,FTS组白蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平下降不明显,而对照组较术前明显下降(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术在FTS理念指导下可有效减少手术创伤与应激反应,最大限度地保护机体营养状态,加快结直肠癌患者术后的康复进程。     

术后早期经口肠内营养对结直肠癌患者临床结局的影响

目的探讨术后早期肠内营养对结直肠癌患者临床结局的影响。方法前瞻性入组2012年1-5月问青岛大学医学院附属医院普通外科收治的48例结直肠癌患者,按随机数字表法随机分为试验组和对照组,每组24例。试验组患者术后早期少量多次进水加肠内营养制剂（佳维体）;对照组患者采用常规围手术期治疗方案,比较两组患者术后恢复情况、并发症发生率、营养状况及免疫功能。结果与对照组相比,试验组患者术后肛门排气时间明显加快[（54.3±11．9）h比（65．7±10．0）h,P〈0．05],术后住院时间明显缩短[（5．4±1．1）d比（7．1±1．4）d,P〈0．05],住院费用明显减少[（3．63±0．64）万元比（4．28±0．43）万元人民币,P〈0．05],两组术后并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义[12．5％（3／24）比16．7％（4／24）,P〉0．05]。术后第5天,试验组总蛋白、白蛋白及前白蛋白等营养指标明显高于对照组,CRP、IL-6及TNF-a等炎性反应指标明显低于对照组（均P〈0．05）。结论术后早期肠内营养能够改善结直肠癌患者营养状况及免疫功能,促进肠道功能早期恢复。     

胃肠外科患者营养风险筛查及围手术期营养支持对胃癌患者恢复影响的临床研究

目的研究胃肠外科住院患者的营养风险状况及其相关影响因素,并研究营养支持对胃癌患者术后恢复的影响。方法前瞻性收集2015年1月至2016年1月期间于山东大学附属济南市中心医院胃肠外科住院的患者1 048例。采用营养风险筛查2002(NRS-2002)量表对这些患者进行营养风险筛查,并于患者出院时评估其实际营养不良发生情况。再收集NRS评分≥3分的胃癌患者52例,随机分为试验组26例和对照组26例。试验组患者给予标准的营养支持治疗,对照组患者不给予规范的营养支持。比较2组患者的术后营养指标,以及术后首次排气时间、首次排便时间、停止静脉输液时间、住院时间、并发症发生率等术后恢复指标。结果 (1)营养风险。1 048例胃肠外科住院患者中,存在营养风险230例,营养风险的发生率为21.9%;发生营养不良118例,营养不良的发生率为11.3%。营养风险与年龄和肿瘤分期均有关(P0.05),与性别无关(P0.05)。≥60岁、进展期胃癌、Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者的营养风险发生率相应高于60岁、早期胃癌、Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者。营养风险筛查结果和实际营养不良结局间有较好的一致性(κ=0.57)。(2)营养支持对胃癌患者的影响。对照组和试验组患者手术前后体质量、前白蛋白和白蛋白水平的差值比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),试验组患者的体质量、前白蛋白和白蛋白水平在术后升高更为明显。此外,试验组和对照组患者的首次排气时间和并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),但2组患者的首次排便时间、停止静脉输液时间及住院时间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),试验组的首次排便时间、停止静脉输液时间及住院时间均较对照组短。结论营养不良问题在胃肠外科住院患者中是普遍存在的。应用有效的营养风险评估工具,对风险较早作出评估,并积极给予适当的营养支持治疗,会对胃癌患者的预后带来有利影响。     

结直肠癌术后早期肠内营养的有效性和安全性研究

探讨结直肠癌患者术后早期肠内营养的有效性和安全性。选取2014年2月—2015年2月收治的100例结直肠癌患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各50例,观察组术后早期给予肠内营养;对照组术后早期给予肠外营养,排气后逐渐给予肠内营养。观察并比较两组患者的术后肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间及花费、营养状况(血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前蛋白)、免疫功能(血清C3、C4、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IgA、IgM、IgG)、应激反应(血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、胰岛素抵抗指数)及术后并发症(消化道症状、感染及吻合口瘘等)。观察组术后排气时间、排便时间明显早于对照组,住院时间明显短于对照组,住院花费明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后7 d血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后7 d血清C3、C4、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IgA、IgM、IgG水平明显高于对照组,血清CD8~+、CRP、TNF-α、IL-6及胰岛素抵抗指数水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结直肠癌手术患者术后早期给予肠内营养可改善患者营养状况,提高免疫力,抑制应激反应,安全有效,促进患者早日康复。     

谷氨酰胺对胃癌术后化疗患者肠屏障功能的影响

目的观察谷氨酰胺对胃癌术后化疗患者肠屏障功能的影响。方法40例胃癌术后第4次化疗患者随机分为对照组和试验组,化疗方案为氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)、四氢叶酸(CF)加奥沙利铂(FOLFOX方案)。试验组化疗同时口服谷氨酰胺(30g/d),对照组化疗时未口服谷氨酰胺,检测两组患者化疗前后血浆谷氨酰胺浓度、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D-乳酸水平及粪便中肠道菌群情况。结果化疗后对照组血浆谷氨酰胺浓度较化疗前明显降低(P0.05),试验组增加并明显高于对照组(P0.01);化疗后两组血浆DAO水平较化疗前均明显升高(P0.01),对照组较试验组升高更为明显(P0.05);对照组D-乳酸水平化疗后升高(P0.05),与试验组比较差异有统计学意义;试验组患者各肠道菌群总数化疗前后无明显变化,肠道菌群接近正常比例;对照组双歧杆菌、乳杆菌较化疗前明显下降(P0.01),大肠埃希菌、肠球菌明显升高(P0.01)。结论口服谷氨酰胺可提高胃癌术后化疗患者血浆谷氨酰胺浓度,有减轻损伤、调节肠道菌群微生态平衡、保护肠屏障功能的作用。     

Laparoscopy-assisted combined resection for synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer: Report of three cases

In gastric cancer patients, the most common form of synchronous cancer is colorectal cancer. To reduce the invasiveness of the resection, a laparoscopy-assisted combined resection was performed in three patients with synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer. Although all gastric lesions were in the early stages, two colorectal lesions were advanced cases. In all cases, the laparoscopic gastric resection and reconstruction was performed first, followed by the colorectal resection. In the case of right-side colon cancer in addition to gastric cancer, it was relatively easy to perform the combined resection with lymph node dissection sharing the same ports used for the gastrectomy, although we needed an additional port. In one case, in which rectal cancer was present in addition to gastric cancer located in the upper portion of the stomach, a totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy was combined with a laparoscopy-assisted low anterior resection, leaving only a lower abdominal minilaparotomy wound. All patients quickly returned to normal activity without remarkable complications, with the exception of a wound infection in one patient. With a mean follow-up of 30.7 months, all patients survived without any sign of recurrence. This procedure represents a feasible option for minimally invasive treatment of synchronous gastric and colorectal cancer.     

The prognostic significance of resection of primary tumor in gastric and colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis

The significance of primary tumor resection in gastric and colorectal cancer patients with liver metastasis (H(+)) was evaluated in terms of operative mortality and survival rate by dividing the materials [293 gastric cancer and 80 colorectal cancer patients (53 colon and 27 rectum) with synchronous liver metastasis] into the following groups: Firstly, with or without peritoneal dissemination (P), secondly, with or without resection of the primary tumor and thirdly, with or without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The following results were obtained: (1) The direct operative death rate of primary tumor resection, excluding death from other causes, showed an absence of statistically significant differences between the P₀H(+) and P(+)H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients. (2) There was no significance in the prognosis between the primary tumor resection + postoperative chemotherapy group and the non-resectable group in the P(+)H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients, revealing no prognostic value of the primary tumor. (3) In the P₀H(+) gastric and colorectal cancer patients, the primary tumor resection + postoperative chemotherapy group was significantly more favorable in prognosis than was the primary tumor resection alone group or the non-resectable group, showing the value of primary tumor resection.     

Multiple colorectal carcinomas and colorectal carcinoma associated with extracolonic malignancies

In this study, we analyzed 149 surgical cases of colorectal cancer between January 1983 and August 1989. Thirteen cases (8.7 per cent) of colorectal primary cancer associated with extracolonic primary malignancy of 14 lesions and 10 cases (6.7 per cent) of multiple primary colorectal cancers were included. Among the 14 lesions of extracolonic primary malignancy, there were 6 gastric carcinomas, 2 endometrial carcinomas, 2 urinary bladder carcinomas, and one each in the esophagus, liver, bile duct and jejunum. The second tumor was not detected preoperatively in 3 of 4 cases of synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma. A curative resection was done in 10 (77 per cent) out of 13 cases of colorectal cancer associated with extracolonic malignancy, while 7 (88 per cent) out of 8 cases of multiple colorectal cancers had a curative resection. Nine patients (69 per cent) with colorectal cancer associated with extracolonic malignancy were disease-free for 2 months to 14 years. Seven patients (88 per cent) with multiple colorectal cancers were disease-free for one to 22 years. We recommend, therefore, that in any patient with colorectal cancer, the entire large bowel should be thoroughly searched for any other primary tumors, by taking the existence of extracolonic tumors into account. A curative resection should be performed, and the follow-up period should be life-long.This paper was presented at the 33rd World Congress of Surgery, Toronto, Canada, 1989.     

甘肃河西地区大肠癌与胆囊结石相关性的初步探讨

目的探讨大肠癌发病与胆囊结石之间的相关性。方法对照分析213例大肠癌患者（大肠癌组）和同期432例胃癌患者（对照组）合并胆囊结石的比率,比较大肠癌组内胆囊结石患者与非胆囊结石患者在肿瘤发生部位、性别、年龄、各影响因素分布等方面的差异。结果 （1）大肠癌组合并胆囊结石41例（19.25%）,对照组合并胆囊结石37例（8.56%）,两组合并胆囊结石的比率比较,χ^2=15.318,P=0.000,差异有高度统计学意义,大肠癌组合并胆囊结石的比率明显升高。（2）大肠癌组内,合并胆囊结石的大肠癌患者与不合并胆囊结石的患者在肿瘤解剖部位间的差异无统计学意义（χ^2=5.386,P=0.068）;但在性别间的差异有高度统计学意义（χ^2=11.056,P=0.001）,女性大肠癌合并胆囊结石的比率明显升高;大肠癌合并胆囊结石的比率在〈50岁、50-60岁、〉60岁3个年龄段间的差异有高度统计学意义（χ^2=10.557,P=0.005）,〉60岁的大肠癌患者合并胆囊结石的比率明显升高;（3）多元素回归分析显示,合并胆囊结石的超重或高血压、糖尿病、肝功能异常、嗜酒、非甾体类抗炎药常规服用等因素与大肠癌发生无相关性,而伴有血脂异常（高血脂）相关（OR=2.742,95%CI：1.114-6.751,P=0.046）。结论胆囊结石可能是大肠癌发生的高危因素之一;女性胆囊结石、〉60岁的胆囊结石以及伴有血脂异常的胆囊结石并发大肠癌的风险明显升高。     

Serum Progesterone Levels in Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancers

Abstract

Background: It is known that various malignant tissues possess progesterone receptors. It has been reported that the serum progesterone levels increase and show a prognostic significance in gastric carcinoma. We carried out a study to determine the serum progesterone level in gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer.

Methods: 140 of our patients were male and 56 female. We determined serum progesterone level in patients with gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. Patients with benign diseases participated in the study as control group. Results: In male patients with gastric cancer (n = 90) and colorectal cancer (n = 50) the serum progesterone level was not significantly higher than in the control group (n = 80) (mean: 1.08 ± 0.73,1.08 ± 0.32 and 1.01 ± 0.38 ng/ml, respectively). Among the female patients with gastric cancer (n = 26) and colorectal cancer (n = 30), the serum progesterone level was also not significantly higher than in the control group (n = 30) (mean: 1.19 ± 0.77, 1.21 ± 0.72 and 1.12 ± 0.61 respectively). In males, the sensitivity of progesterone for gastric cancer was 55.5% and 64% for colorectal cancer with a specificity of 37.5%. In females, the sensitivity of progesterone for gastric cancer was 54% and 57% for colorectal patients with a specificity of 40%.

Conclusions: Serum progesterone level does not correlate with the presence or absence of gastric cancer or colorectal cancer, and it is not a useful tumour marker.     

早期经口进食在结直肠癌术后快速流程模式中的应用

目的 探讨结直肠癌术后早期经口进食的可行性、安全性及术后早期康复情况.方法 回顾性分析2008 年1～6月期间,四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组收治的128例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,56 例为早期经口进食(early oral feeding,EOF)组,72 例为传统进食(traditional feeding,TF)组.比较2组病例术后住院时间,术后首次排气和排便时间,以及胃潴留、肠梗阻、重度腹泻、肺部感染、伤口感染、吻合口漏等并发症发生率.结果 EOF组术后住院时间,术后首次排气、排便时间均短于TF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); EOF组胃潴留发生率高于TF组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而2组肠梗阻、重度腹泻、肺部感染、伤口感染及吻合口漏的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).早期经口进食耐受率可达89.29%(50/56).结论 结直肠癌术后行早期经口进食是安全、可行的,能促进患者的早期康复.     

胃、大肠癌循环癌细胞的检测

目的胃大肠癌循环癌细胞的检测。方法用常规细胞学(HE)和免疫细胞化学(ICC)方法对23例进展期胃、大肠癌切除患者门静脉系血及外周血进行癌细胞的检测。结果 23例患者中常规 HE 染色,阳性2例(8.7%),可疑3例(13%);免疫细胞化学方法,阳性4例(17.4%)。4例阳性患者血中癌细胞浓度在40-1000个/ml 范围内。结论循环癌细胞的检测可能有助于预测肝内微转移灶的发生,判断患者预后,为术后选择辅助治疗提供依据。     

Immunomorphologic study of regional lymph nodes in cancer: Response of regional lymph node cells from gastric and colorectal cancer to PHA stimulation

To obtain information regarding the immunologic capacity of uninvolved regional lymph nodes (RLNs) draining tumor, the in vitro response of regional lymph node cells (RLNCs) to PHA was investigated in lymph nodes from 55 patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, and gastric ulcer. Evaluation of data relative to cancer progress demonstrated that, in gastric cancer patients, the response of stimulated RLNCs from patients with middle stage carcinoma was significantly higher compared with those of cells from patients with early or late stage carcinoma, such being similar to the response of RLNCs from control patients with gastric ulcer. The results from colorectal cancer patients were also similar to those from patients with gastric cancer. Our results suggest that RLNs without metastasis contain cells capable of responding to PHA despite the presence of growing tumors in these cancer patients. In the results of PHA stimulation in relation to the lymph node morphology, we observed in both groups of patients with gastric or colorectal cancer that, regardless of the extent of the cancer lymph nodes with lymphocyte predominance there was a high PHA response while lymph nodes with lymphocyte depletion and unstimulated nodes exhibited a low PHA response. These results show a close relationship between this lymph node morphology and immunologic status of nodes.     

Detection of Survivin-Expressing Circulating Cancer Cells (CCCs) in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Reveals High Risks of Relapse

Background  We previously demonstrated that the detection of circulating cancer cells (CCCs) expressing survivin mRNA could provide valuable information for predicting metastasis and recurrence in breast cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not the detection of survivin expression in the peripheral blood could also have significant effects on the clinical outcomes of patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Methods  Survivin-expressing CCCs in peripheral blood samples obtained from 55 gastric cancer patients, 86 colorectal cancer patients, and 87 healthy volunteers were quantitatively examined by using a RT-PCR ELISA. Its clinical significance was statistically evaluated. Results  The CCCs in the peripheral blood samples were detected in 45.4% and 44.0% of gastric and colorectal cancer patients, respectively. The presence of survivin-expressing CCCs was found to be significantly associated with the degree of tumor penetration, nodal status, and disease stages for both types of cancers. During a follow-up period of 36 months, patients who had a positive detection at the time of the initial assay test had a higher relapse rate than those who had a negative detection. As well, survivin-expressing CCCs were statistically shown to be a significant and independent predictor for cancer recurrence. The detection of survivin-expressing CCCs was also demonstrated to be more accurate in terms of predicting recurrence than traditional detection methods such as plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements. Conclusion  The detection of CCCs expressing survivin mRNA could be used to accurately identify gastric and colorectal cancer patients with high risks of relapse.