结核性气管、支气管狭窄的外科治疗

本文报道36例结核性气管、支气管狭窄的外科治疗经验,其中气管狭窄3例,支气管狭窄33例。手术方式为全肺切除14例,肺叶切除13例,肺叶切除支气管成形3例,右全肺切除加气管下段部分切除2例,主支气管节段切除1例右全肺切除加气管成形术1例,气管切开、气管下段肉芽肿摘除术1例,气管狭窄部镍钛合金支架1例。术后效果良好,无支气管胸膜瘘、支气管再狭窄和手术死亡。作者认为对气管、支气管结核性狭窄,将狭窄之气管、支气管连同受累肺叶并切除并加以气管或支气管成形术为首选方式。     

支气管袖式肺叶切除肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌

目的 总结支气管袖式肺叶切除、肺动脉成形术治疗中心型肺癌的临床经验.方法 回顾分析1989年5月至2009年5月收治的52例中心型肺癌患者,其中38例行支气管环状切除成形及支气管袖式肺叶切除术;12例行支气管肺动脉双袖式肺叶切除术;2例行气管隆突及半隆突切除重建合并肺叶切除术.结果 本组术后死亡1例,发生手术并发症5例...     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺结核病55例临床分析

目的：分析全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗肺结核病的临床效果。方法全胸腔镜手术治疗55例肺结核患者,其中47例行全胸腔镜肺叶切除术,8例中转开胸行肺叶切除手术。结果无围手术期死亡病例;术后并发症15例,其中术后持续肺漏气4例,胸腔出血3例,支气管胸膜瘘1例。均经保守治疗后痊愈。术后随访1年,结核病均得到有效控制。结论全胸腔镜肺叶切除术是治疗肺结核病的一种安全有效的方法。     

游离腹直肌皮瓣移植术治疗结核性术后脓胸

肺结核手术后并发支气管胸膜瘘、结核性脓胸.往往迁延不愈.采用显微外科技术施行自体肌皮瓣填塞术可以彻底消灭脓腔,治愈脓胸.2004年11月至2007年9月,我院施行了3例腹直肌皮瓣移植术治疗肺切除术后结核性脓胸合并支气管胸膜瘘,现报道如下.     

带蒂肋间肌瓣防治支气管胸膜瘘17例临床分析

目的探讨采用带蒂肋间肌瓣包埋支气管残端预防和治疗支气管胸膜瘘的临床意义,总结治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2001年10月至2009年6月重庆市江津中心医院对17例肺癌、肺结核伴支气管扩张、支气管扩张患者行肺切除术后采用带蒂肋间肌瓣包埋支气管残端的临床资料。14例为预防性治疗,男8例,女6例;年龄21~69岁;其中6例行全肺切除术,8例行肺叶切除术。3例行肺癌肺叶切除术后支气管胸膜瘘二期修补术,男2例,女1例;年龄58~68岁。结果预防性治疗14例患者,手术时间135~275 min,均治愈,无并发症;随访12例,随访时间6~60个月,随访期间无1例发生支气管胸膜瘘。3例肺癌术后支气管胸膜瘘接受带蒂肋间肌瓣治疗患者手术时间75~165 min,2例痊愈,1例同时行局部胸膜内胸廓成形术痊愈;3例均随访6~24个月,无1例再发支气管胸膜瘘。结论带蒂肋间肌瓣包埋支气管残端防治支气管胸膜瘘安全有效,尤其适用于肺切除术后支气管残端或吻合口的加固预防支气管胸膜瘘的发生。     

完全胸腔镜支气管袖式成形肺叶切除术治疗中央型肺癌

目的探讨完全胸腔镜支气管袖式成形肺叶切除术的可行性。方法 2012年2月~2014年7月,对7例肺癌行胸腔镜袖式肺叶切除术,其中6例行右肺上叶切除支气管袖式成形术,1例行左肺上叶切除支气管袖式成形术。均采用"三孔法"完全胸腔镜下行肺叶动脉、静脉、叶间裂切除,并袖式切除支气管。采用连续缝合法,自支气管后壁开始,完全屏视下经主操作孔行支气管端端吻合术。结果 7例均完成肺叶切除、支气管袖式成形重建及系统性淋巴结清扫,手术时间110~260 min,平均174 min;支气管吻合时间18~76 min,平均45 min。术后无吻合口漏、肺不张、肺部感染等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。术后病理:鳞癌5例,腺癌1例,类癌1例。7例随访7~34个月,平均19个月,均存活,无刺激性咳嗽、吻合口狭窄等并发症。结论全胸腔镜袖式成形肺叶切除术治疗中央型肺癌可行。     

肺切除术联合化疗治疗耐多药肺结核51例

目的探讨肺切除联合化疗治疗耐多药肺结核的临床应用价值,总结治疗经验。方法 1999年1月至2007年1月,我科共收治51例主病灶局限于肺叶或单侧全肺的耐多药肺结核患者,男38例,女13例;年龄18～56岁,平均年龄36.5岁。施行肺叶切除术30例,肺叶加同侧肺段切除术或同侧双肺叶切除术11例,全肺切除术10例;分析术后继续抗结核化疗18～24个月的疗效。结果 51例患者均手术成功,46例完成化疗(18～24个月)后治愈;治疗失败5例,其中3例在疗程最后6个月痰菌仍为阳性,2例于围手术期内死于术后并发症。术后发生并发症12例,其中术后1个月内发生9例:呼吸功能衰竭3例,均经呼吸机辅助呼吸治愈;脓胸3例,2例经胸腔闭式引流治愈,1例术后3周死于多器官功能衰竭;支气管胸膜瘘1例,经留置胸腔引流管3个月后瘘口逐渐闭合治愈;暂时性视力障碍1例,未作特殊处理,1个月后视力恢复正常,急性肺水肿1例,治疗无效死亡。1个月后发生并发症3例:切口感染2例,经开放引流每日换药,行二期缝合伤口Ⅲ/丙愈合;支气管胸膜瘘1例,行胸部肌瓣填塞+胸廓成形术后支气管胸膜瘘再度复发,给予胸壁开放式引流,长期未愈,72个月后因大咯血窒息死亡。结论对主病灶局限的耐多药肺结核患者施行肺切除联合抗结核化疗,治愈率高,并发症发生率及病死率均在可接受范围内。     

胸膜肺切除术治疗结核性毁损肺99例分析

结核性毁损肺胸膜粘连紧密 ,手术难度大 ,术后并发症多。 1992年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月 ,我们应用胸膜肺切除术治疗结核性毁损肺 99例 ,疗效满意。现报道如下。临床资料　 99例中男 6 9例 ,女 30例。年龄 16～ 6 8岁。病程 2～ 30年。主要症状为反复咳嗽 99例 ,间断咯血 80例 ,其中大咯血 2 0例。肺叶毁损 77例 ,全肺毁损 2 2例。痰抗酸杆菌阳性 2 0例 ,其中耐结核药 15例。合并脓胸 4例 ,支气管胸膜瘘 3例。术前均规则抗结核治疗半年以上。所有病人病肺均与壁层胸膜胼胝样粘连。胸膜肺叶切除 77例 ,切除上叶 6 2例 ,上叶加下叶背段 14例 ,…     

肩胛骨岗下切除加胸廓成形术治疗肺切除术后脓胸

目的 探讨治疗肺切除术后脓胸的可靠、确切、有效的方法,尤其是肺切除术后合并支气管胸膜瘘增加了治疗难度.方法 为5例肺切除术后脓胸患者实施肩胛骨岗下切除加胸廓成形术.结果 4例1次痊愈,1例由于残端瘘复发,行镍钛记忆合金内支架置入封堵支气管残端瘘,二次手术而愈合.全组无手术死亡病例,随访0.5～5.0年,无脓胸和支气管残端瘘复发.结论 肩胛骨岗下部分切除加胸廓成形术是肺切除术后脓胸和胸廓成形术后复发脓胸的有效治疗方法之一.     

连续26例单孔胸腔镜复杂袖式肺切除的手术技术及效果分析

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜手术复杂袖式肺切除的手术技术和临床效果。 方法同济大学附属上海市肺科医院胸外科2016年至2019年共完成单孔胸腔镜袖式肺切除术(不包括楔形成形术和单纯血管成形术)167例，其中主要是上叶和下叶袖式肺切除术共141例；分析比较少见且难度更大的单孔胸腔镜袖式肺切除术26例，统称为"复杂袖式肺切除术"。纳入标准：超出一叶的袖式肺切除(两叶袖式肺切除或肺叶＋肺段袖式肺切除)，累及隆突的袖式肺切除，肺段的袖式肺切除，右中叶袖式肺切除。排除标准：胸腔镜辅助和开胸袖式肺叶切除，支气管成形肺叶切除，单孔胸腔镜下常规肺叶(上叶和下叶)袖式肺切除术。纳入患者：右肺上中叶或中下叶袖式肺切除7例，左下叶＋舌段袖式肺切除6例，累及隆突的袖式肺切除6例(其中袖式右肺上叶＋隆突切除重建2例、袖式全肺切除1例、右主支气管节段切除＋双隆突重建1例、袖式左肺上叶切除＋隆突重建1例、袖式右肺中下叶切除＋隆突成形1例)，肺段的袖式切除4例(固有段切除2例、舌段切除2例)，右中叶袖式肺切除3例。 结果本组患者术后病理分别是肺鳞状细胞癌15例、错构瘤4例、肺腺癌3例、腺样囊性癌1例、类癌1例、恶性淋巴瘤1例、淋巴结外窦组织细胞增生症1例。术中出血量50～1 000 ml，平均出血量(169±205.94)ml；平均手术时间(190.3±72.6)min，四分位间距150～232.5 min；术中清扫淋巴结站(5.86±0.99)站，均包含隆突下淋巴结；清扫淋巴结数目6～29枚，平均(14.04±5.41)枚；手术日引流量(265.41±173.98)ml，总住院时间(10.38±4.87)d，术后住院时间(4.96±1.90)d。恶性肿瘤中16例(16/19)接受术后化疗。长期随访：术后1例失访；2例术后余肺肿瘤复发、1例吻合口狭窄、1例术后进行放(化)疗后出现支气管食管瘘、1例术后乳糜胸。术后随访时间(15.6±10.7)个月。患者无围手术期死亡；至今，1例术后1年广泛转移死亡，其他患者均存活。 结论单孔胸腔镜下完成复杂袖式肺切除是胸部微创技术的有益探索和重要进步，选择合适病例且熟练掌握胸腔镜技术的前提下可以使患者获得更佳的疗效。     

Experience of twenty-one cases of tracheo-bronchoplasty

Twenty-one cases of tracheo-bronchoplasty were performed in Akita University Hospital from 1997 to 2007. There are 14 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 3 cases of adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma, 1 case of inflammatory tracheal stenosis, and 1 case of inflammatory bronchial stenosis. We performed 12 cases of right upper sleeve lobectomy, 4 cases of left upper sleeve lobectomy, 2 cases of left lower sleeve lobectomy, 1 case of right sleeve pneumonectomy, and 2 cases of tracheoplasty. Of 3 cases, we added sleeve resection of pulmonary artery. The ends of the bronchus are anastomosed end-to-end. The bronchial anastomotic suture was carried out peri-cartilaginously through all layers using an interrupted suture technique except for membranous portion. Membranous portion was sutured a continuous anastomotic technique. We use monofilament, absorbable suture material.     

Decortication in chronic thoracic empyemas —A report of three cases—

Three cases of chronic thoracic empyema treated by decortication are reported with special reference to the indications for surgery. The first patient was a 68-year-old man who had right chronic thoracic empyema with a bronchopleural fistula. He underwent open thoracostomy, and decortication was performed after 8 months. The second patient was a 74-year-old man who had right chronic empyema without bronchopleural fistula. Open thoracostomy was also performed and decortication was done after 2 months. Postoperative pulmonary function was significantly improved in both patients. The third patient was a 66-year-old man who had left chronic empyema with a bronchopleural fistula. He underwent open thoracostomy and left lower lobectomy, and then decortication and the omental pedicle flap method were performed after 4 months. All three patients are still doing well currently. It is concluded that decortication significantly improves pulmonary function in properly selected patients, and that computed tomography is helpful for assessing the re-expansion ability of the collapsed lung.     

Lobar torsion after pulmonary resection; report of two cases.

Lobar torsion is a rare complication after pulmonary resection. We report a case of right middle lobe torsion following a right upper lobectomy, and left lower lobe torsion following a left upper lobectomy. Careful postoperative clinical observation, chest radiography, fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), and computed tomography (CT) are crucial for precise diagnosis of lobar torsion following pulmonary resection. Both patients underwent re-thoracotomy; a middle lobectomy and completion pneumonectomy were performed. In the clinical management of lobar torsion urgent diagnosis and conclusive surgical resection is needed to avoid mortality and morbidity.     

Management of acute empyema with leakage of bronchial anastomosis after right sleeve upper lobectomy--a case report

Bronchopleural fistula developing empyema after pulmonary resection is a fatal complication. But we have successfully treated this complication after right sleeve upper lobectomy. The patient was a 61-year-old male, who has a squamous cell carcinoma originating in the right upper lobe of the lung in the clinical stage of IIIa. Right sleeve upper lobectomy with pericardiotomy to reduce the tension of bronchial anastomosis and R2a lymph node dissection. The leakage of bronchial anastomosis was complicated on 5th postoperative day and developed aspiration pneumonia of right middle and lower lobe and empyema. Reoperation was done on 7POD and completion pneumonectomy, omentopexy and open window thoracotomy were performed. Then endotracheal tube had been inserted into the left main bronchus and he controlled under respirator. Six weeks after that fistula was cured. Empyema, which caused by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, was cured by open drainage for 2 weeks and closed drainage and irrigation for 14 weeks. He discharged 16 weeks after reoperation.     

肺结核外科的微创伤疗法(附39例报告)

目的探讨微创伤疗法治疗肺结核病的可行性及治疗效果。 方法收集接受微创伤疗法的肺结核病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中小切口或者电视胸腔镜下的肺结核肺切除术及脓胸廓清术患者10例(A组),小切口开胸下的肺结核空洞、结核球、曲菌球病灶清除术和不经胸局限性脓胸病灶清除术患者29例(B组)。 结果A组在电视胸腔镜下肺叶切除8例,其中1例术后肺膨胀不良,造成上胸腔残腔积液,其余7例肺复张满意;拔管时间最短3 d,最长10 d;术后第2天患者均可下床活动。电视胸腔镜下结核性脓胸廓清术2例,其中1例肺完全复张,1例复张不完全。B组29例患者全部治愈,无支气管胸膜瘘、结核播散、窦道形成等手术并发症发生病例;住院时间较常规术式明显缩短;术后下床早,呼吸循环系统的恢复明显较肺切除患者快;术后引流量少,拔管时间平均2～4 d;术前局限型慢性纤维空洞型肺结核合并痰菌阳性的6例患者,术后5例转阴、空洞消失;其中1例痰菌量明显减少;2例合并曲菌球的患者术后咯血停止。6例不经胸局限性脓胸病灶清除术患者,术后切口一期愈合。患者随访4个月～12年,平均6.2年,未见复发及播散。 结论微创伤疗法就切口而言,是介于传统开胸切口与微创切口之间的一种切口;就手术而言,比传统手术方式和微创手术方式损伤更小。肺结核病的外科治疗应择机选择微创伤疗法,其方法可行且效果良好。     

肺切除术治疗延迟性吸入性支气管异物17例分析

目的 总结接受肺切除术治疗的延迟性吸入性支气管异物患者的临床病理资料,对该疾病的临床特点和治疗选择进行探讨.方法 1980年1月至2010年6月,利用肺切除术治疗延迟性吸入性支气管异物患者17例,其中男性12例,女性5例,年龄10～66岁,平均年龄36岁.症状包括咳嗽、咯血、发热、咳脓痰、气急等,发病时间间隔为3个月～8年,平均2年.术前确诊8例,9例误诊为其他疾病.行右肺下叶切除术4例,右中叶切除术3例,右中下叶切除术1例,右下叶切除术+肋床引流术1例,右下叶切除+胸膜剥脱术1例,胸腔镜下右肺下叶部分切除术1例,左全肺切除术4例,左下叶切除术1例,左上叶切除术1例.结果 术后死于肺部感染1例,并发支气管胸膜瘘2例.异物位于右侧11例,左侧6例,异物种类最多为骨片(8例),其次为辣椒尖(3例)和笔套管(2例).伴随肺内病理改变包括慢性支气管肺炎8例,支气管扩张7例,肺实变4例,慢性肺脓疡伴毁损肺3例,机化性肺炎2例,肺发育不全1例.结论 应重视延迟性支气管异物的诊断,降低误诊率,尽可能避免行肺切除术.对于肺内感染病变明显的病例,应及时行肺切除术,以免肺部病变发展为肺化脓症和脓胸等严重感染.     

A case of omental pedicle flap plombage for fungus ball type pulmonary aspergillosis

The usual surgical treatment for fungus ball type pulmonary aspergillosis is lobectomy, but in cases of aspergillosis located in a post-lobectomy space a second lobectomy is difficult because of the accompanying inflammatory process. A 53-year-old male underwent left upper lobectomy for pulmonary tuberculosis eight years ago. Six year postoperatively, he developed fungus ball type aspergillosis in the post-lobectomy space with bronchopleural fistula and recurrent hemoptysis. We performed an omental pedicle flap plombage via the post-sternal route to resect the pleural cavity fungus ball. The post operative course was uneventful and clinically the bronchopleural fistula was closed.     

Endobronchial leiomyoma: Report of a case treated by bronchoplasty and a review of the literature

Endobronchial leiomyoma is exteemely rare. Most endobronchial leiomyomas reported in the literature have been resected by either lobectomy or pneumonectomy. We herein report a case treated by sleeve bronchoplasty without pulmonary resection. A 42-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy revealed a lobulated tumor arising from the medial wall of the right main stem bronchus. A sleeve resection of the right main bronchus including the tumor and end-to-end anastomosis was performed. The histological diagnosis of the resected specimen was leiomyoma with no evidence of malignancy. The importance of early diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment to preserve pulmonary function are emphasized. Similar cases of an endobronchial type of pulmonary leiomyoma reported in the literature are also reviewed.     

Current morbidity, mortality, and survival after bronchoplastic procedures for malignancy.

The number of patients reported to have undergone bronchoplastic procedures has increased nearly fourfold in the past decade. These techniques represent excellent surgical therapy for patients with benign endobronchial lesions, traumatic airway disruptions, or tumors of low-grade malignant potential, and for select patients with surgically resectable lung cancer. Eighty-nine percent of bronchoplastic procedures are performed for malignancy. We reviewed 1,915 bronchoplastic procedures for carcinoma reported over the past 12 years to determine the incidence of complications and survival. Complications included local recurrence (10.3%), 30-day mortality (7.5%), pneumonia (6.7%), atelectasis (5.4%), benign stricture or stenosis (5.0%), bronchopleural fistulas (3.5%), empyema (2.8%), bronchovascular fistulas (2.6%), and pulmonary embolism (1.9%). Results were further stratified into sleeve lobectomy and sleeve pneumonectomy groups. Five-year survivals for stage I, II, and III carcinoma were 63%, 37%, and 21%, respectively. Sleeve lobectomy for carcinoma extends surgical therapy to select patients with complication rates comparable to pneumonectomy and long-term survival similar to that for conventional resections.