一种新的超声图像斑点噪声抑制方法

斑点噪声是超声图像中固有的噪声。现有的用于斑点噪声抑制的自适应滤波方法,小波软阈值方法及小波域内细节抛弃法在去除噪声的同时,不同程度地丢失了一些图像细节。针对这一问题。本文提出了一种新的结合自适应中值滤波和小波软阈值处理的超声图像斑点噪声抑制方法。对计算机仿真图像及超声图像进行处理的结果表明,本文提出的新方法在有效去除斑点噪声的同时,很好地保留了图像的细节,优于上述的其他方法。     

眼科高频超声成像中斑点噪声抑制算法的研究

目的 斑点噪声是超声图像中存在的固有问题,而在眼科高频超声这种更为精细的超声检查中,有效地抑制斑点噪声能提高图像的质量,有助于临床医生对病情的判别.方法 提出了一种新的基于拉普拉斯（Laplacian）金字塔的多尺度斑点去噪方法.采用Laplacian金字塔,从斑点噪声中分离出临床图像特征,根据每层子带图像不同尺度及特点,从小尺度到大尺度,首先采用改进后的八方向各向异性斑点去噪（SRAD）去除图像斑点,然后增强图像的边缘、细节及对比度等方面.该方法与传统的SRAD滤波及相干增强滤波（CEDIF）进行对比,采用等效视数及算法的时间耗费对实验结果进行量化评估.结果 与传统SRAD滤波及CEDIF滤波方法相比,基于Laplacian金字塔的多尺度各向异性斑点去噪方法均高于前两种方法（1.172 3 vs 1.122 3、0.929 3及0.864 0 vs 1.396 0、1.468 3）.结论 本研究提出的基于Laplacian金字塔的多尺度各向异性斑点去噪方法在更有效地去除图像斑点噪声的同时,能很好地保存图像边缘及图像细节等.     

超声医学图像非线性滤波算法研究进展

超声医学成像方法具有实时、无创、方便等优点，在临床上得到了广泛的应用。但由于超声医学成像机制的限制，超声医学图像质量不高。对图像进行滤波就是为了提高人眼和计算机对图像细节的识别能力。本研究讨论了应用于去除超声医学图像斑点噪声的非线性滤波算法的研究现状及其特点，重点介绍了基于中值滤波、小波变换、扩散方程的滤波方法，并把相关算法应用于超声医学图像的处理，直观地比较了各种滤波器的性能。最后展望了超声医学图像非线性滤波算法的发展方向。     

基于树状小波的超声医学图像阈值函数降噪

针对超声医学图像中存在特有的斑点噪声,利用树状小波分解比传统小波分解精度高的特点,将超声医学图像进行树状小波分解,然后分别采用硬阈值、软阈值和半软阈值函数三种方法进行降噪处理.结果表明半软阈值函数方法是较优阈值函数方法,可以有效地降低原图像的斑点噪声并保留图像细节.     

基于小波变换的医学图像去噪声处理

利用中值滤波和基于小波变换的去噪声处理对同时含有高斯噪声和脉冲噪声的X线图像降噪方法进行探讨.采用PSNR评价标准分析实验结果,表明小波变换结合中值滤波方法在去除噪声的同时较好地保持了原图像所包含的边缘信息,处理效果优于单纯的小波变换或单纯的中值滤波.     

基于小波软阈值滤波的医学图像去噪

目的:为了更好的去除DR医学图像噪声.方法:通过分析其噪声来源,在小波去噪的基础上进行改进.引入方差不变性变换来调整原始图像的噪声模型为高斯噪声模型.图像分解为不同频率的不同子带的小波系数,分别进行不同阈值的滤波.结果:与普通的全局小波去噪方法相比,该方法不但可以保留图像的边缘信息,而且能提高去噪后图像的峰值信噪比.结论:用此方法处理DR图像在噪声去除、细节质量及骨骼锐化等方面比传统的高斯滤波及小波全局阈值滤波等方法效果要好.     

基于小波变换的血管内超声图像血流斑点噪声抑制研究

血管内超声成像已经越来越广泛地应用到冠心病的诊断和介入治疗中.为了提高图像分辨率必须增加超声频率,使得血流斑点噪声也显著增强,降低了管腔和管壁的对比度,增加了识别管壁与周围组织的难度,给病情的诊断和治疗带来了不便.本研究结合小波变换域软阈值滤波法和半软阈值滤波法,并设计了一种局部阈值来实现血流斑点噪声抑制.实验结果表明该方法在抑制斑点噪声的同时保留了图像的边缘,增强了管腔和管壁的哪对比度,有助于识别管壁和周围组织.     

一种基于模糊规则和小波变换的医学图像锐化增强算法

针对医学图像组织间不明显现象，提出了一种基于模糊规则和小波变换的医学图像锐化增强算法（MFRWTE）。为了避免过增强现象和放大噪声，对不同尺度的小波系数进行锐化增强时，首先计算该尺度低频系数中心像素与其邻域像素的相容性，利用模糊规则将像素分为低细节，中细节和高细节三类，然后利用自适应算法计算非线性细节增益系数。最后通过把增益系数与细节小波系数相乘，小波重建后得到增强图像。实验结果表明，提出的算法对图像细节进行增强的同时能够有效地抑制噪声。用户也可以根据图像的特征，方便的通过调节中细节区域增强因子或小波分解层数获得满意的增强效果。     

基于Contourlet阈值法的锥形束CT图像去噪研究

目的：将多尺度分析工具之一的Contourlet变换运用到锥形束CT（CBCT）图像去噪领域,并对Contourlet不同阈值去噪方法进行探讨。提出基于Contourlet变换结合半软阈值方法对锥形束CT去噪,并论证去噪效果。方法：利用Contourlet变换的多尺度多方向性以及平移不变性,对低分辨率锥形束CT图像进行拉普拉斯塔形滤波和方向滤波多层分解后得到变换系数,随后对变换系数采用不同阈值方法进行处理,最后逆序反变换得到去噪后图像。通过软阈值和硬阈值方法在Contourlet变换中的应用,提出半软阈值结合Contourlet变换方法对锥形束CT图像去噪。通过对头,胸,盆腔各10例临床锥形束CT图像的去噪,比较三种阈值去噪效果。结果：半软阈值法在胸部和盆腔部锥形束CT图像去噪中比Contourlet硬阈值去噪在PSNR上平均高出1.40 d B和3.11 d B,但在头部锥形束CT图像处理中无优势,而Contourlet软阈值去噪后的锥形束CT图像在消除噪声的同时,信号自身的能量被消弱最多。结论：本文半软阈值法在一定程度上修正了硬,软阈值函数的缺陷,结合Contourlet变换在处理图像几何结构方面的优势,为锥形束CT图像去噪提供了一个新思路。     

基于复小波域非线性扩散的超声图像去噪

超声图像易受斑点噪声的干扰,限制了其在医学诊断中的进一步应用。提出了一种将双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)与非线性扩散相结合的超声图像去噪方法。首先,对图像进行双树复小波分解;然后,高频部分和低频部分分别采用自适应对比度扩散和全变差扩散,最后重构图像。给出了实验结果,并与小波阈值收缩和全变差扩散结合的方法、基于小波和基于多小波的非线性扩散方法的图像去噪效果进行了比较。结果表明,本文提出的方法去噪效果更为优越:不但抑制噪声的能力更强,而且能够更好地保留超声图像原有的边缘和纹理特征。     

Wavelet-based statistical approach for speckle reduction in medical ultrasound images

A novel speckle-reduction method is introduced, based on soft thresholding of the wavelet coefficients of a logarithmically transformed medical ultrasound image. The method is based on the generalised Gaussian distributed (GGD) modelling of sub-band coefficients. The method used was a variant of the recently published BayesShrink method by Chang and Vetterli, derived in the Bayesian framework for denoising natural images. It was scale adaptive, because the parameters required for estimating the threshold depend on scale and sub-band data. The threshold was computed by Kσ/σ_x, where σ and σ_x were the standard deviation of the noise and the sub-band data of the noise-free image, respectively, and K was a scale parameter. Experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the median filter and the homomorphic Wiener filter by 29% in terms of the coefficient of correlation and 4% in terms of the edge preservation parameter. The numerical values of these quantitative parameters indicated the good feature preservation performance of the algorithm, as desired for better diagnosis in medical image processing.     

Homomorphic wavelet thresholding technique for denoising medical ultrasound images

A novel homomorphic wavelet thresholding technique for reducing speckle noise in medical ultrasound images is presented. First, we show that the speckle wavelet coefficients in the logarithmically transformed ultrasound images are best described by the Nakagami family of distributions. By exploiting this speckle model and the Laplacian signal prior, a closed form, data-driven, and spatially adaptive threshold is derived in the Bayesian framework. The spatial adaptivity allows the additional information of the image (such as identification of homogeneous or heterogeneous regions) to be incorporated into the algorithm. Further, the threshold has been extended to the redundant wavelet representation, which yields better results than the decimated wavelet transform. Experimental results demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed method over other well-known speckle reduction filters. The application of the proposed method to a realistic US test image shows that the new technique, named HomoGenThresh, outperforms the best wavelet-based denoising method reported in [1] by more than 1.6 dB, Lee filter by 3.6 dB, Kaun filter by 3.1 dB and band-adaptive soft thresholding [2] by 2.1 dB at an input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 13.6 dB.     

基于多层小波分解与稳定分布的超声图像散粒噪声抑制新方法

医学超声图像在应用中遇到的一个重要问题是如何消除图像中由于散射现象的相干本质而引起的多径乘性散粒噪声。对数超声图像的二维小波系数服从具有尖峰和拖尾的边缘分布的非高斯分布。α稳定分布可以用来描述这类重拖尾非高斯尖峰脉冲信号和噪声。本研究利用一种散粒噪声模型，通过对对数超声图像的多层小波分解的高频系数的分析与稳定分布建模，提出了一种新的基于闽值的二维小波分解系数的检测分类方法，得到一种基于多层小波分解与稳定分栉模型的超声图像散粒噪声的抑制新方法。仿真结果表明，该方法比传统的基于高斯假设下的阈值去噪方法性能更好。     

Digital Radiographic Image Denoising Via Wavelet-Based Hidden Markov Model Estimation

This paper presents a technique for denoising digital radiographic images based upon the wavelet-domain Hidden Markov tree (HMT) model. The method uses the Anscombes transformation to adjust the original image, corrupted by Poisson noise, to a Gaussian noise model. The image is then decomposed in different subbands of frequency and orientation responses using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform, and the HMT is used to model the marginal distribution of the wavelet coefficients. Two different correction functions were used to shrink the wavelet coefficients. Finally, the modified wavelet coefficients are transformed back into the original domain to get the denoised image. Fifteen radiographic images of extremities along with images of a hand, a line-pair, and contrast–detail phantoms were analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative assessment showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the traditional Gaussian filter in terms of noise reduction, quality of details, and bone sharpness. In some images, the proposed algorithm introduced some undesirable artifacts near the edges.     

基于RCSCT变换的DR图像去噪及加速

目的 数字化X线摄影（digital radiography,DR）图像中的高斯噪声对图像质量影响大,消除此类噪声有利于提高图像质量以辅助医生做出正确的诊断.方法 为抑制DR图像的高斯噪声,首先采用递归循环平移与Contourlet变换结合的（recursive cycle spinning Contourlet transform,RCSCT）方法变换分解DR图像,接着采用连续的二元软阈值函数处理变换系数防止系数被过度扼杀,然后基于CUDA（compute unified device architecture,计算统一设备架构）平台对去噪方法加速.结果 该方法提高了去噪后的图像峰值信噪比,有效抑制了伪吉布斯现象,保留了更多的图像细节信息,并且加速处理后运算耗时较短.结论 本文方法比小波变换和Contourlet变换在保留视觉细节信息方面效果更优,算法耗时少,实用性好.     

一种基于小波变换的医学图像量化编码算法的研究

医学图像压缩是远程医疗和PACS系统中的重要研究课题，研究了小波子带图像系数的统计分布，发现小波子带图像系数分布和拉普拉斯分布非常相似，继而提出了一种基于其统计特征的图像量化编码算法，该算法以小波子带图像样本标准差为选择量化编码阈值的重要依据。实验表明，该算法具有计算简单，不同阈值范围待编码系数可预测以及易于获得较高压缩效率的优点，在远程医疗和PACS系统等领域的医学图像压缩中有重要的潜在应用价值。     

Accelerating Monte Carlo simulations of radiation therapy dose distributions using wavelet threshold de-noising

The Monte Carlo dose calculation method works by simulating individual energetic photons or electrons as they traverse a digital representation of the patient anatomy. However, Monte Carlo results fluctuate until a large number of particles are simulated. We propose wavelet threshold de-noising as a postprocessing step to accelerate convergence of Monte Carlo dose calculations. A sampled rough function (such as Monte Carlo noise) gives wavelet transform coefficients which are more nearly equal in amplitude than those of a sampled smooth function. Wavelet hard-threshold de-noising sets to zero those wavelet coefficients which fall below a threshold; the image is then reconstructed. We implemented the computationally efficient 9,7-biorthogonal filters in the C language. Transform results were averaged over transform origin selections to reduce artifacts. A method for selecting best threshold values is described. The algorithm requires about 336 floating point arithmetic operations per dose grid point. We applied wavelet threshold de-noising to two two-dimensional dose distributions: a dose distribution generated by 10 MeV electrons incident on a water phantom with a step-heterogeneity, and a slice from a lung heterogeneity phantom. Dose distributions were simulated using the Integrated Tiger Series Monte Carlo code. We studied threshold selection, resulting dose image smoothness, and resulting dose image accuracy as a function of the number of source particles. For both phantoms, with a suitable value of the threshold parameter, voxel-to-voxel noise was suppressed with little introduction of bias. The roughness of wavelet de-noised dose distributions (according to a Laplacian metric) was nearly independent of the number of source electrons, though the accuracy of the de-noised dose image improved with increasing numbers of source electrons. We conclude that wavelet shrinkage de-noising is a promising method for effectively accelerating Monte Carlo dose calculations by factors of 2 or more.     

基于小波与小波包分析的CT图像去噪研究

目的:小波与小波包分析在医学CT图像噪声抑制方面的应用价值研究。方法:采用MATLAB6.5对512×512的CT图像进行实验。提出了小波局部阈值软硬函数折中消噪方法。并将此方法与小波强制消噪、全局阈值硬函数消噪、全局阈值软函数消噪、及小波包消噪的方法进行了对比。结果:从实验中可以得出小波包消噪效果最好,能够有效的滤除图像中的噪声且边缘效果保持良好,本文提出的小波局部阈值软硬函数折中消噪法也能能够有效的滤除图像中的噪声,效果较小波强制消噪、全局阈值硬函数消噪、全局阈值软函数消噪要好,但是边缘效果及噪声滤除的程度都不及小波包。结论:实验结果表明本文提出的小波局部阈值软硬函数折中消噪方法在小波消噪方面具有一定的价值。