表浅肌肉腱膜皮瓣联合硬腭黏膜移植修复全层眼睑缺损

目的探讨利用眼周表浅肌肉腱膜系统（SMAS）皮瓣联合硬腭黏膜移植修复中、重度全层眼睑缺损的临床疗效。方法对26例（26只眼）大于或等于眼睑全长1／2的全层眼睑缺损患者,采用硬腭黏膜移植替代眼睑后层,即睑板和睑结膜层;利用眼周血供丰富的SMAS皮瓣修复眼睑前层,即皮肤肌肉层。其中5例采用眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣,5例为颞浅动脉皮瓣,7例为眉上皮瓣,9例为上睑皮肤轮匝肌双蒂瓣。手术操作中首先行硬腭黏膜移植,然后根据眼睑前层缺损的部位和范围设计眼周的SMAS转位皮瓣,术毕行睑缘缝合3个月。结果全部患者随访6～36个月,平均11个月。转位皮瓣全部成活,硬腭黏膜植片成活好,无收缩,眼睑外观及功能改善较满意。结论眼周SMAS皮瓣联合硬腭黏膜移植可一次性修复缺损的眼睑全层,效果肯定。     

自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣修复全层眼睑缺损

目的：评价眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后采用自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣进行眼睑再造的临床效果。 方法：患者10例10眼行眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后重度眼睑缺损,采用硬腭黏膜移植替代眼睑后层,即睑板和睑结膜层,利用眶周皮瓣修复眼睑前层。 结果：术后随访6~12mo,眼睑外观及功能基本恢复正常。硬腭黏膜移植片及转移皮瓣全部成活,无感染、移位、挛缩。 结论：自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移修复全层眼睑缺损,效果肯定。     

硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣修复下睑全层缺损

目的:探讨用硬腭黏膜植片修复眼睑缺损后层,眼周皮瓣修复眼睑前层缺损,这一联合手术的临床效果。方法:对8例因下睑肿瘤切除所致的下睑全层缺损,采用自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣重建下睑。结果:随访8mo以上,全部病例硬腭黏膜植片及转移皮瓣全部成活,除1例下睑轻度退缩外,眼睑外观和功能满意,获得良好效果。结论:硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣修复下睑全层缺损,可以一次性修复缺损的皮肤、睑板、结膜,效果肯定,具有较高的临床价值。     

硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移重建眼睑的眼表功能

目的 评价硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移治疗因机械伤、眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后眼睑全层缺损的疗效.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象 13例(13眼)因机械伤或眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后眼睑全层缺损患者.方法 对13例患者行自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移术.记录手术前、后患者的睑裂长度、睑裂高度、睑闭合不全的程度,泪膜破裂时间,Schirmer Ⅰ试验和角膜荧光素染色积分,术后半年睑缘切开时取移植的硬腭黏膜进行组织学检查.随访8个月以上.主要指标手术效果、泪膜破裂时间、Schirmer Ⅰ试验和角膜荧光素染色积分、移植后硬腭黏膜的组织学结构.结果 11眼达到眼表功能优秀的治疗效果,2眼良好,手术前后患者的眼表功能无明显变化.自体硬腭黏膜移植眼睑后可与残留睑板结膜良好愈合,未见有植人物感染现象.手术半年后硬腭黏膜上皮与结膜上皮结构类似,黏膜上皮内出现杯状样细胞.结论 硬腭黏膜片移植联合眶周皮瓣转移是眼睑重建的良好方法,手术不影响患者的眼表功能.受眼局部微环境的影响,硬腭黏膜可能逐渐向结膜形态发生转变.     

眼睑恶性肿瘤切除中度眼睑缺损的即期整复

目的 探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除后所致大面积眼睑缺损的手术整复方法和技巧.方法 在局部麻醉或全身麻醉下,手术切除上下睑病变组织,后层缺损采取结膜睑板瓣修补或硬腭、异体巩膜移植替代睑板;前层采用全厚皮片游离移植或带蒂皮瓣滑行转位修补睑皮肤缺损,进行眼睑缺损的一期修复.结果 临床治疗患者9例,术后均获得一期愈合;效果满意.结论 恶性眼睑肿瘤所致的大面积眼睑缺损,在切除肿瘤的同时立即行眼睑缺损的一期整复,效果确实、疗效满意.     

眼睑恶性肿瘤35例手术治疗与临床体会

目的:体会眼睑恶性肿瘤行Mohs法切除及即期修复的手术效果。方法:对35例35眼眼睑恶性肿瘤行Mohs法切除后根据眼睑缺损范围及部位采用不同方法即期行眼睑成形或再造手术治疗。结果:35例术后眼睑完整,形态及功能基本恢复正常,随访10mo～2.5a,有2例复发。结论:眼睑恶性肿瘤行Mohs法切除后造成眼睑缺损,通过成形或再造行眼睑重建,效果满意,睑板结膜瓣或硬腭黏膜瓣是替代睑板行眼睑再造的适用材料。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后中重度眼睑缺损的Ⅰ期修复

目的:探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后中重度眼睑缺损I期修复的手术方法和疗效。方法:2010-01/2011-10对11例11眼患者行眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后,利用硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复眼睑全层缺损行眼睑再造术。其中男3例,女8例,年龄38～77岁,眼睑全部缺损4例,1/2～2/3眼睑缺损7例。眼睑基底细胞癌6例,睑板腺癌4例,眼睑鳞状细胞癌1例。结果:术后眼睑外观及功能恢复满意,随诊6～24mo无1例肿瘤复发。结论:硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后中重度眼睑全层缺损,在眼睑外形和功能上可获得满意的效果,疗效肯定,具有较高的临床价值。     

前臂皮瓣联合硬腭粘膜移植修复眼睑缺损的临床观察

目的　观察应用前臂皮瓣和游离的硬腭粘膜移植修复眼睑缺损的疗效。方法　用口腔硬腭粘膜移植片代替睑板和结膜 ,前臂皮瓣覆盖在硬腭粘膜上 ,再造眼睑。结果　术后经过长期随访 ,成活率为 10 0 % ,效果满意。结论　前臂皮瓣由于血管的吻合 ,有足够的血液供应。硬腭粘膜植片的外形、厚度、硬度与睑板相似 ,有良好的支撑作用 ,并有柔软的粘膜表面 ,术后皱缩小 ,取材方便 ,成活率高 ,前臂皮瓣联合游离硬腭粘膜移植是眼睑再造的理想材料     

先天性眼睑缺损修复术

目的：探讨利用皮肤旋转滑行皮瓣及异体巩膜分层修复先天性巨大眼睑缺损的效果。方法：设计分层修复巨大眼睑缺损的方法，采用局部转移结膜瓣修复睑结膜面，利用异体巩膜代替睑板，皮肤层面采用缺损区延长切口及鼻侧旋转滑行皮瓣修复，达到一期修复全层眼睑缺损的目的。结果：6例先天眼睑缺损再造术，术后随访6月以上，外观满意，睑裂闭合良好，眼睑瞬目功能正常，角膜透明。结论：皮肤及结膜旋转滑行瓣及异体巩膜代替睑板是一期修复先天性巨大眼睑缺损的简便有效方法。     

携带骨膜的以颞浅血管为蒂的额瓣修复下睑全层缺损

目的探讨携带骨膜的以颞浅血管为蒂的额瓣在修复下睑全层缺损中的应用效果。方法对6例患者行下眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术,术中冷冻切片检查保障安全切缘。据缺损大小设计额瓣,额瓣切取时皮瓣的远端和下端切开至颅骨,上端则切至骨膜并保留皮瓣上缘1cm的骨膜组织,从远端开始沿颅骨表面掀翻皮瓣,至皮瓣近端再切开骨膜,使切取的额瓣携带骨膜,皮瓣转移至缺损区后,将下端骨膜与皮瓣组织稍行分离后与残留结膜缝合,以替代缺损的球结膜,上端多出来的骨膜外翻与皮肤切缘缝合再造睑缘。供区经适当的游离并旋转缝合关闭创面。结果6例皮瓣全部成活,4例再造睑缘局部有肉芽生成,仅1例较大肉芽应用三氯醋酸处理,肉芽均在术后2～3个月内消失。术后无下睑外翻,患者下睑外观及功能恢复满意。结论携带骨膜的以颞浅血管为蒂的额瓣可同时完成下睑全层缺损的修复,额瓣的硬度及厚度足以支撑眼睑的外形;携带的骨膜可同时修复结膜的缺损,方法简洁,效果满意,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

风筝皮瓣修复眼睑前层及中面部皮肤缺损

目的 评价风筝皮瓣修复合并或不合并中面部皮肤缺损的眼睑前层缺损的疗效.方法 自2008年1月至2010年3月,以面部皮下组织为蒂,设计"风筝"皮瓣,联合或不联合硬腭黏膜移植,修复合并或不合并中面部皮肤缺损的眼睑缺损共10例.眼睑前层或和中面部皮肤缺损面积为(1.2～6.5)cm2、(0.7～4.0)cm2.其中下眼睑中央水平方向4/5、垂直方向完全全层缺损合并颧颊部皮肤缺损1例,下睑内侧水平方向1/2、垂直方向完全全层缺损、下泪小点下泪小管缺损合并中面部皮肤缺损1例,下睑水平及垂直方向均完全全层缺损合并下泪小点及下泪小管缺损1例,上下睑水平方向完全、垂直方向1/3全层缺损合并上下泪小点泪小管缺损1例,下睑中央水平方向4/5、垂直方向完全全层缺损合并颧颊部皮肤缺损1例,全上眼睑前层及颞部皮肤缺损1例,下睑内侧水平方向1/3、垂直方向1/5前层缺损1例,上下睑中央水平方向2/3、上睑垂直方向1/3,下睑垂直方向2/3全层缺损1例,上下睑内侧1/3前层及内呲内侧皮肤缺损合并上下泪小点缺损1例,外眦外侧前层及颞部皮肤缺损1例.结果 皮瓣均无张力修复缺损,皮瓣及硬腭黏膜均全部成活,眼睑外形、功能完全恢复.结论 风筝皮瓣是修复眼睑缺损及面部皮肤缺损的良好方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of rehabilitating the anterior 1amella of eyelids and midfacial skin defects with kite flap.Methods From January 2008 to March 2010,with or without combination of a hard palate mucosal grafts,the kite flap on a subcutaneous pedicle have been used to repair defect in the anterior lamella of eyelids and midfacial skin in 10 patients.The area of the defect in the anterior lamella of eyelids and midfacial skin ranged from(1.2～6.5)×(0.8～4)cm.Among them,defects span central 4/5 in horizontal direction and complete in vertical direction in full-thickness lower eyelid and partes zygomatica skin in 2 patient,medial 1/2 in horizontal direction and complete in vertical direction and puncta and canaliculus in full-thickness lower eyelid and midface skin in 1 patient,complete lower eyelid and inferior puncta and canaliculus in 1 patient,complete in horizontal direction and 1/3 in vertical direction and puncta and canaliculus both in full-thickness upper and lower eyelids in 1 patient,complete anterior layer of upper eyelid and temples skin in 1 patient,medial 1/3 in horizontal direction and 1/5 in vertical direction in the anterior lamella of lower eyelid in 1 patient,central 2/3 in horizontal direction and 1/3 in vertical direction in full-thickness upper eyelid,and central 2/3 in horizontal direction and 2/3 in vertical direction in full-thickness lower eyelid in 1 patient,medial 1/3 of anterior lamella and puncta and canaliculus both in upper and lower eyelid and inside skin of medial canthus in 1 patient,outside skin of outer canthus and temples skin in 1 patient.Results All flaps and hard palate mucosal grafts were survived.All defects were repaired without tention.The cosmetic appearance and function of eyelids rehabilitated.Conclusions The kite flap provides a competitive method for repairing the anterior lamella of eyelids and facial skin defects.     

Surgical management of deep chemical burns of the eyelids

Chemical burns of the eyelids are common, and this may lead to ocular damage. A direct insult of the eyes that result in permanent damage, is rare in facial burns. The majority of the chemical burns of eyelids are partial-thickness that heal spontaneously in 1 week. Whereas, 10 percent are full-thickness burns that require release of contractures and grafts. Wound contracture can cause ectropion of the eyelid, resulting in exposure keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, perforation, and even blindness. At our departments, thirteen patients with 28 chemical burns of eyelids of third-degree, were reviewed. The eyelids had burns wounds with granulation and necrotic tissue. All patients had severe cicatrical ectropion. The eyelids were released with incisions running along the eyelid margin, down to the orbicularis muscle, including the distal part of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, when necessary. To cover the resulting defects, we use generous full-thickness skin grafts, if available, for both the upper and lower eyelids. Rarely has a tarsorrhaphy been required, and properly constructed dressing provides satisfactory eyelid margin immobilization and conjunctival hygiene. Eighteen full-thickness grafts in 10 patients are reported 8 to 12 weeks after grafting. In seven eyelids, 3 patients developed ectropion and required reconstruction of the eyelids. Our series demonstrates that the early grafting of eyelid burns with full-thickness grafts, can prevent the development of recurrent cicatrical ectropion. Split-thickness grafting should be limited to cases where we can not find the hairless donor site for full-thickness skin grafts.     

Correction of lower eyelid retraction with hard palate graft in the anophthalmic socket

Objective

Lower eyelid retraction is a common and challenging complication of the anophthalmic socket. The underlying pathophysiology includes contraction of the posterior lamellae of the eyelid, shortening of the inferior fornix, and lateral canthal tendon laxity. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical efficacy of hard palate mucosa as a posterior spacer graft in the lower eyelid retraction repair in the anophthalmic socket.

Sliding tarsal flap for reconstruction of large, shallow lower eyelid tarsal defects

PURPOSE: To describe a novel technique for reconstructing shallow, full-thickness defects of the lower eyelid. METHODS: Twelve patients with shallow, full-thickness lower eyelid defects after Mohs excision of eyelid malignancies were treated with this technique. The posterior lamella was reconstructed by obliquely incising the residual tarsus to create medial and lateral tarsal flaps. These flaps were obliquely overlapped to tighten the eyelid and reconstruct a tarsus approximating normal height. The anterior lamella defect was then reconstructed by using local flaps or free grafts in a conventional manner. RESULTS: Eyelid defects ranged from 25 to 40 mm horizontally and 20 to 35 mm vertically, with tarsal defects ranging from 18 to 27 mm horizontally and 2 to 3.5 mm vertically. A stable eyelid margin with good aesthetic appearance was achieved in all patients. Two patients had mild eyelid retraction not requiring intervention, and one had lower eyelid entropion 9 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Sliding tarsal flaps are an effective technique for reconstruction of this type of defect. The advantages of this approach are its simplicity, utilization of preserved tissue, and avoidance of the morbidity associated with more complex procedures.