胃食管反流病患者幽门螺杆菌感染情况分析

目的 探讨胃食管反流病患者幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染情况及两者之间的相关性.方法 426例胃食管反流病患者根据内镜检查结果分为非糜烂性反流性食管炎、反流性食管炎和Barrett食管三组;幽门螺杆菌阳性以快速尿素酶试验为诊断标准.结果 426例胃食管反流病患者中HP感染阳性率为42.7%;老年患者显著多于非老年患者;非糜烂性反流性食管炎组、反流性食管炎组、Barrett食管组患者HP感染阳性率分别为47.6%、39.9%和35.4%;其中非糜烂性反流性食管炎组与反流性食管炎组比较差异有显著性,非糜烂性反流性食管炎组与Barrett食管组比较差异有显著性,反流性食管炎组与Barrett食管组差异无显著性;经Person相关分析,HP感染与反流性食管炎负相关,与Barrett食管亦呈负相关;反流性食管炎患者中,LA-A级、LA-B级、LA-C级、LA-D级患者HP感染阳性率分别为41.4%、38.6%、37.5%和33.3%;各级间比较显著无差异性.结论 HP感染可能是胃食管反流病的保护因素,一旦胃食管反流导致的食管黏膜损伤已形成,其严重程度与HP感染无关.     

胃食管反流病的分类、临床表现及生活质量

GERD的分类 GERD主要分为3种：①非糜烂性反流病（NERD）：是指存在反流相关的不适症状，但内镜下未见Barrett食管及食管黏膜破损。②糜烂性食管炎（EE）：是指内镜下可见食管远端黏膜破损。③Barrett食管（BE）：是指胃食管连接处近端的食管鳞状上皮被化生的柱状上皮所取代。     

抑制一过性食管下括约肌松弛治疗胃食管反流病的研究进展

胃食管反流病（Gastricesophagitisrefluxdiseas,GERD）是临床最常见的疾病之一,GERD病程较长且极易复发,严重影响了生活质量。主要表现为食管症状和食管外症状,增加发展为Barrett食管及食管癌的危险。从发病机制来看,GERD与食管下括约肌（lowesophagealsphincter,LES）功能失调,特别是与一过性食管下括约肌松弛（transitLESrelaxation,TLESR）有关。目前抑制TLESR,防止过多的胃内容物反流入食管,避免食管黏膜损伤的治疗方法已成为国内外研究的热点。     

反流性食管炎与Barrett食管和食管早期腺癌的现状和研究进展

食管癌是消化系统高发的肿瘤,本文介绍了胃食管反流病（GERD）的全球定义及其发病机制。Barrett食管一直被认为是食管腺癌的癌前病变,这里介绍了几种内镜诊断方法和镜下分型,是研究诊断和治疗Barrett食管的最新方法。早期食管癌内镜治疗是提高患者生活质量和生存率切实可行的方法,文中介绍了3种微创治疗技术。最后,对于反流性食管炎、Barrett食管和食管早期腺癌发生发展的相互关系,文中提出了两种比较活跃的基因,提示了三者的联系。     

中国胃食管反流病专家共识

1定义胃食管反流病(GERD)是指胃内容物反流入食管引起不适症状和(或)并发症的一种疾病。2类型及定义GERD可分为3种类型:非糜烂性反流病(NERD)、糜烂性食管炎(EE)和Barrett食管(BE),以NERD最常见。(1)NERD是指存在反流相关的不适症状,但内镜下未见Barrett食管及食管黏膜破损;(2)     

重视胃食管反流病的诊断和治疗

胃食管反流病(gsstro-esophageal reflux disease,GERD)系指胃内容物反流入食管,引起不适症状和(或)并发症的一种疾病.GERD包括非糜烂性反流病(non-erosive reflux disease,NERD)、糜烂性食管炎(erosive esophagitis,EE)即反流性食管炎(refluxesophagitis,RE)和Barrett食管(barrett esophageal,BE),它们也称为GERD相关性疾病.GERD反流形式:酸反流、非酸反流(胆汁反流最重要)和混合反流,其中胃酸反流至食管是GERD的主要病因.GERD发病日渐增多,其规范的诊断和治疗愈加重要.     

胆汁反流与Barrett食管及食管腺癌发生的关系

近30年来,食管腺癌(EA)的发病率显著上升,可能与胃食管反流病(GERD)发病率上升有关。GERD是常见的消化道动力障碍性疾病,包括非糜烂性胃食管反流病(NERD)、反流性食管炎(RE)、Barrett食管(BE),并发     

中药治疗胃食管反流病经验

胃食管反流病包括胃镜检查食管黏膜阴性的胃食管反流病（NERD）、糜烂性食管炎（ERD）和Barrett食管3种类型。     

胃食管反流病的诊断和治疗

胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)是指过多胃、十二脂肠内容物反流入食管引起烧心等症状,并可导致食管炎和咽、喉,气道等之外的组织损害.GERD的病理改变主要是食管下括约肌(LES)功能失调起重要作用.GERD的表现多样,烧心和反酸是GERD的最常见症状,有的很不典型,可能在很长一段时间得不到识别.GERD患者内镜下可见食管粘膜糜烂或溃疡等炎症改变,称为反流性食管炎(RE),重度RE可发展成Barrett食管,为癌前病变.因此GERD的及时诊断和治疗尤为重要.     

具有典型食管症状表现的胃食管反流病

我国胃食管反流病（Gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD）的发病率越来越高,已成为枉区和消化内科门诊的常见病和高发病,并给社会带来了沉重的经济负担。GERDW以引起典型的食管症状,如反流、反酸、烧心、胸骨后疼痛等。一部分患者可以具有食管黏膜的损害,出现反流性食管炎（refluxesophagitis,RE）、食管溃疡甚至狭窄,可发展Barrett食管甚至食管腺癌;而另一部分具有典型食管症状的患者则没有明显食管黏膜损害。     

老年胃食管反流病患者食管运动功能测定

目的 :旨在了解老年、非老年胃食管反流病 (GERD)患者食管动力学改变、食管酸暴露的情况。方法 :对 16例老年健康者、18例非老年健康者、46例老年GERD患者、2 3例非老年GERD患者进行食管测压和 2 4hpH监测。结果 :老年、非老年GERD伴食管炎组LESP显著低于相应对照组 ,老年、非老年GERD患者食管中远段收缩压下降 ,且伴有食管炎者更显著 ,老年组比非老年组压力降低更明显。老年GERD伴食管炎组pH >5min的反流次数明显高于无食管炎组 ,非老年GERD伴食管炎组pH <4时间百分比明显高于无食管炎组。结论 :老年、非老年GERD伴食管炎患者食管抗反流屏障功能、食管蠕动功能出现减退 ,且老年组食管蠕动功能减退重于非老年组。老年GERD患者食管损害与酸廓清减退有关 ,非老年GERD患者食管损害与酸暴露增加相关。     

食管黏膜环氧化酶-2和同源型盒转录因子2与食管癌贲门癌术后胃食管返流变化的关系

目的 探讨食管癌贲门癌术后胃管或食管返流与食管黏膜换氧化酶-2 （COX-2）和同源型盒转录因子2 （CDX2）表达的相关性.方法 术后分别于不同时间段对35例食管癌和贲门癌患者进行全天氢离子浓度指数（pH）和胆红素监测,另外进行电子胃镜,免疫组织学检查,分析COX-2和CDX2的检测结果,针对胃食管返流患者,采用仪器测量的方式,通过计算得出分数（DeMeester评分）.结果 术后返流性食管炎发生率及DeMeester评分随时间延长逐渐升高（P＜0.05）.COX-2、CDX2在正常食管黏膜基底细胞内不表达或呈弱阳性表达;术后参与食管黏膜呈阳性表达.Barrett食管化生上皮细胞胞浆内的COX-2、CDX2表达水平呈强阳性.残余食管黏膜发生返流性食管炎的患者CDX2水平显著高于未发生食管炎者,有无发生返流性食管炎的患者COX-2的表达水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 食管癌贲门癌术后酸返流同返流性食管炎的发生率随着时间的延长而增加;食管黏膜上的COX-2、CDX2表达是胃食管返流发生的早期变化,同时二者持续呈阳性表达可以作为胃食管返流发生的分子标记,为临床治疗提供参考.     

Gastroesophageal reflux, barrett esophagus, and esophageal cancer: scientific review

CONTEXT: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, a rare cancer whose incidence is increasing. Adenocarcinoma may develop from Barrett esophagus, a metaplastic change of the esophageal epithelium from squamous to intestinalized columnar mucosa, which is associated with chronic reflux. Some have recommended that patients with chronic reflux symptoms undergo upper endoscopy to assess for Barrett esophagus and to screen for cancer. OBJECTIVES: To review the evidence linking GERD and Barrett esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma and to examine the utility of upper endoscopy as a screening tool in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus among individuals with GERD. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify all pertinent English-language reports about GERD, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett esophagus from 1968 through 2001. Reports were of randomized controlled clinical trials if available, case-control data if trials were unavailable, and cohort studies if case-control data were unavailable. Pertinent bibliographies were also reviewed to find reports not otherwise identified. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were selected by using the search terms gastroesophageal reflux, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's esophagus, with subheadings for classification, complications, drug therapy, economics, epidemiology, mortality, surgery, and prevention and control. Clinical guidelines for the care of subjects with GERD and Barrett esophagus were retrieved and abstracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Cohort studies demonstrate that symptoms of GERD occur monthly in almost 50% of US adults and weekly in almost 20%. Three large case-control studies demonstrate a positive association between reflux symptoms and risk of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, with more prolonged and severe symptoms accentuating this risk. However, because of the low incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and the ubiquity of reflux symptoms, the risk of cancer in any given individual with reflux symptoms is low. No randomized trial data are available to demonstrate either decreased cancer incidence or increased life expectancy in subjects with GERD who undergo screening endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence supports the association of GERD and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus; however, the risk of cancer in any given individual with GERD is low. Barrett esophagus appears to be a common precursor lesion to this cancer. Given the low absolute risk of cancer in those with GERD and the lack of demonstrated efficacy of endoscopic screening, insufficient evidence exists to endorse routine endoscopic screening of patients with chronic GERD symptoms.     

胃食管反流病患者食管黏膜Ki-67及Caspase-3的表达

目的 探讨胃食管反流病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)患者食管黏膜组织中Ki-67、Caspase-3的表达及意义.方法 收集非糜烂性食管炎(non-erosive esophageal reflux disease,NERD)患者、反流性食管炎(reflux esophagitis,RE)患者、Barrett食管患者食管黏膜各20例,正常食管黏膜组织15例作为对照,分别对食管黏膜组织进行常规病理检查、免疫组化及western-blot分析Ki-67、Caspase-3的表达.结果 GERD的各组中均存在食管黏膜组织的明显增生.NERD组、RE组、BE组的食管黏膜Ki-67阳性表达率明显高于正常对照组(分别是80％、85％、95％及6.7％,P＜0.05);在NERD组、RE组、BE组,食管黏膜Caspase-3阳性表达率分别是95％、90％和75％,仅BE组与正常对照组100％比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 食管黏膜组织中的ki-67、Caspase-3的表达,在一定程度上反映了食管黏膜鳞状上皮细胞的增殖程度,与食管黏膜的组织抵抗力的改变有关,Ki-67和Caspase-3可能同时共同参与了食管癌的发生.     

食管炎、食管溃疡和Barrett's食管的胃-食管反流与胃内pH值的关系

目的 探讨胃内pH值与胃食管反流的关系及胃-食管反流的病理生理机制.方法 采用便携式pH监测仪对18例食管炎、12例食管溃疡、10例Barrett's食管、15例健康人行24h食管和胃pH值同步监测,分别计算胃内各段pH值、胃-食管酸反流次数、长反流次数、最长反流时间以及pH值<4的时间占总时间的百分比.结果 ①食管炎组:上述各项指标在胃内pH值为1～4时明显高于对照组(P<0.05);当胃内pH值为1～2时,酸反流次数明显高于其他pH值段(P<0.05);②食管溃疡组:当胃内pH值为1～2时,酸反流次数、长反流时间明显高于其他pH值段(P<0.05);胃内pH值为1～3时,酸反流次数、长反流时间明显高于对照组(P<0.05);③Barrett's食管组:胃内pH值为2～3时的酸反流次数明显高于对照组;④当胃内pH值为1～2时,食管炎组、食管溃疡组酸反流次数明显高于Barrett's食管组.结论 当胃内pH值在1～2之间时,食管炎、食管溃疡的胃食管酸反流最为明显,食管黏膜损伤的严重程度与食管接触酸的次数及接触酸的时间长短有关;Barrett's食管的胃-食管酸反流与胃酸无明显关系.     

Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease in elderly subjects using 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring

ＯｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＴｏｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｏｆ２４ｈｏｕｒｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｐＨｍｏｎｉｔｏｒｉｎｇａｎｄｇａｓｔｒｏｅｓｏｐｈａｇｅａｌｒｅｆｌｕｘｄｉｓｅａｓｅ（ＧＥＲＤ）ａｍ...     

食管下括约肌长度测定的临床意义

目的：明确食管及其下括约肌长度在胃食管反流疾病中的变化及临床意义。方法：用灌注式多导测压系统对正常组６３例受试者及胃食管反流组５３例病人进行食管压力测定。结果：正常人各年龄组食管下段括约肌长度差异无显著性;胃食管反流性疾病组食管下段括约肌长度及腹段下括约肌长度均显著下降;正常组与胃食管反流性疾病组身高与食管长度的相关系数分别为ｒ１＝０．７００,ｒ２＝０．７９８。结论：食管下括约肌长度在抗反流中起到重要作用,其在正常人群中不随年龄而变化;胃食管反流性疾病患者未伴食管长度缩短、上提     

Analysis on the Causes for Refractory GERD

To analyze the causes of failure in conventional treatment to refractory gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD) patients, 16 refractory GERD patients (group R) and 16 eases of GERD primarily diagnosed (group P) were studied. Endoscopy, pathologic examination and 14C urea breath test were conducted in every patient. 24 h ambulatory pH and bilirubin monitoring were performed with Digitrapper MI Ⅲ and Synetics Bilitec 2000. It was found that esophagitis in group R was more severe than in group P. The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in group R was significantly lower than in group P. Fraction time pH below 4. 00 was not longer while the bile reflux represented by fraction time abs above 0. 14 was greater for patients in the group R as compared with those in the group P. The mixed refluxes and pure bile refluxes between the two groups had significant difference. The reflux episodes in the group R mainly occurred during nights. These results indicated that severe esophagitis, especially Barrett‘s esophagus with complications makes it difficult to control GERD. Severe duodenogastroesophageal refluxes (DGER) are often accompanied by refractory GERD. Mixed refluxes aggravate the esophageal injuries. Pure bile refluxes and nocturnal refluxes may cause failure of administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in the morning. Helicobacter pylori infection and acid refluxes may not be the direct cause of refractoriness. Individual refractory GERD patient without abnormal results on pH or bile reflux recently should be diagnosed again.     

Long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial

CONTEXT: Severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a lifelong problem that can be complicated by peptic esophageal stricture and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term outcome of medical and surgical therapies for GERD. DESIGN AND SETTING: Follow-up study conducted from October 1997 through October 1999 of a prospective randomized trial of medical and surgical antireflux treatments in patients with complicated GERD. Mean (median) duration of follow-up was 10.6 years (7.3 years) for medical patients and 9.1 years (6.3 years) for surgical patients. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred thirty-nine (97%) of the original 247 study patients were found (79 were confirmed dead). Among the 160 survivors (157 men and 3 women; mean [SD] age, 67 [12] years), 129 (91 in the medical treatment group and 38 in the surgical treatment group) participated in the follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of antireflux medication, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Activity Index (GRACI) scores, grade of esophagitis, frequency of treatment of esophageal stricture, frequency of subsequent antireflux operations, 36-item Short Form health survey (SF-36) scores, satisfaction with antireflux therapy, survival, and incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, compared between the medical antireflux therapy group and the fundoplication surgery group. Information on cause of death was obtained from autopsy results, hospital records, and death certificates. RESULTS: Eighty-three (92%) of 90 medical patients and 23 (62%) of 37 surgical patients reported that they used antireflux medications regularly (P<.001). During a 1-week period after discontinuation of medication, mean (SD) GRACI symptom scores were significantly lower in the surgical treatment group (82.6 [17.5] vs 96.7 [21.4] in the medical treatment group; P =.003). However, no significant differences between the groups were found in grade of esophagitis, frequency of treatment of esophageal stricture and subsequent antireflux operations, SF-36 standardized physical and mental component scale scores, and overall satisfaction with antireflux therapy. Survival during a period of 140 months was decreased significantly in the surgical vs the medical treatment group (relative risk of death in the medical group, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.46; P =.047), largely because of excess deaths from heart disease. Patients with Barrett esophagus at baseline developed esophageal adenocarcinomas at an annual rate of 0.4%, whereas these cancers developed in patients without Barrett esophagus at an annual rate of only 0.07%. There was no significant difference between groups in incidence of esophageal cancer. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that antireflux surgery should not be advised with the expectation that patients with GERD will no longer need to take antisecretory medications or that the procedure will prevent esophageal cancer among those with GERD and Barrett esophagus.     

肝硬化患者并发胃食管反流病的影响因素分析及对策

目的 探讨肝硬化患者并发食管反流病的影响因素. 方法 回顾性总结2008年我院1 570例行胃镜检查肝脏疾病患者的临床资料,按肝脏疾病不同分为肝硬化组和慢性肝炎组,分别统计内镜表现为反流性食管炎和Barrett食管患者,对两组患者的某些特征进行比较. 结果 两组患者反流性食管炎患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者Barrett食管的患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).肝硬化患者男女反流性食管炎的患病率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而慢性肝炎患者男女反流性食管炎的患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).肝硬化患者肝功能分级有随反流性食管炎的患病率增加而增高的趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=16.62,P<0.01). 结论 肝硬化患者胃食管反流病的患病率明显高于慢性肝病患者,肝硬化患者并发胃食管反流病与性别及肝功能分级有关.