实时光电学设备TruScreen~筛查宫颈癌的临床价值

目的评价实时光电学设备TruScreen检测技术在人群宫颈癌筛查中的价值。方法研究对象为2007年3月至2007年12月参加北京大学深圳医院针对深圳市贫困女性进行的宫颈癌筛查的妇女391名,年龄20～67岁。对所有接受筛查的妇女采用实时光电学设备TruScreen进行宫颈癌筛查,并采集宫颈脱落细胞,以液基细胞学技术行宫颈细胞学检查,以第二代杂交捕获(HC-Ⅱ)技术进行高危型HPV-DNA(HR-HPV)检测。筛查同时行阴道镜检查,对阴道镜疑诊低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)及以上病变者,在可疑病变处取活检。为客观评价各种筛查方法,对各检测结果均采取盲法保存,于各检测结果确定后解盲。凡HC-Ⅱ检测HR-HPV阳性伴液基细胞学≥ASCUS,和(或)液基细胞学≥LSIL及TruScreen检查结果阳性,而筛查当时未取活检(阴道镜诊断非LSIL及以上病变)者,均于3个月内再次阴道镜下活检,明确诊断。病理为CINⅡ及以上病变者行宫颈电热圈坏切术(LEEP)手术,并取活检。有多次病理检查者以其中最高级别病理结果为该患者的最终诊断,病理诊断作为本研究4种筛查方法的评价标准。结果病理诊断CIN I 110例、CINⅡ5例、CINⅢ7例、宫颈浸润癌5例;慢性宫颈炎和鳞状上皮化生59例。TruScreen检测阳性率为28.2%;液基细胞学检测无明确诊断意义的鳞状上皮细胞病变(ASCUS)以上为23.3%,LSIL以上为7.2%;HR-HPV阳性率为34.3%。TruScreen、液基细胞学及HC-Ⅱ法HPV检查,各筛查方法对检出≥CINⅡ病变的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为76.5%、77.3%、77.2%、13.3%和98.6%;液基细胞学以≥ASCUS为阳性各筛查评价指标分别为88.2%、79.7%、80.1%、16.5%和99.3%;以LSIL为阳性界值各指标为70.6%、95.7%、94.6%、42.9%和98.6%;HC-Ⅱ法HPV为94.1%、68.5%、69.6、11.9%和99.6%。结论实时光电学设备TruScreen进行宫颈癌初筛,筛查效率指标中虽敏感性不及HC-Ⅱ法HPV检测高,但与宫颈细胞学检查相当。作为一种新的宫颈癌筛查技术,具有检测无创无痛、用时较短、实时报告结果等优点,适用于贫困地区大样本人群筛查。     

4 种不同检查方法在宫颈癌筛查中的临床应用价值*

目的:了解4 种不同检查方法在宫颈癌筛查中的临床应用价值。方法:采用第二代杂交捕获技术（hybrid capture 2,HC-II）检测13种高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus ,HPV ）、薄层液基细胞学技术（Liquid-based cytology test,LCT ）检测宫颈脱落细胞、醋酸肉眼检查（visual inspection with acetic acid,VIA）和阴道镜检查4 种方法对2004年11月～2004年12月深圳南山区华侨城区域15～59岁有性生活女性共1 137 例进行盲法同步宫颈癌筛查。对阴道镜检查异常或可疑异常者行阴道镜下直接活检;对HPV 阳性并且LCT ≥未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（atypical squamous cells of undetetemined sign,ASCUS ）,或HPV 阴性但LCT ≥低度鳞状上皮内病变（low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion ,LSIL ）的妇女再次行阴道镜下活组织病理学检查,以病理结果作为验证4种检查方法的金标准。结果:共取病理122 例。病理结果证实该人群中无宫颈癌病例:子宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ,CIN）Ⅲ级3 例,CIN Ⅱ级11例,CIN Ⅰ级36例;慢性宫颈炎和鳞状上皮化生69例;正常宫颈3 例。人群的高危HPV 总检出率为14.0% ;LCT 阳性率为12.6% ;VIA 阳性率为12.5% ;阴道镜阳性率为13.6% 。随宫颈病变级别升高,高危HPV 感染率及LCT 阳性率均呈趋势性增加（P<0.005）;VIA 和阴道镜阳性率在各级宫颈病变中无统计学差异,但在宫颈病变组阳性检出率明显高于正常宫颈组。高危HPV 对宫颈高度病变的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阳性似然比和阴性似然比分别为100% 、87.1% 、87.3% 、8.8% 、100% 、7.6% 和0;LCT 以上各指标分别为92.9% 、88.4% 、88.5% 、9.1% 、99.9% 、8.0% 和8.0% ;VIA 以上各指标分别为35.7% 、96.0% 、95.3% 、10.0% 、99.2% 、8.9% 和67.0% ;阴道镜以上各指标分别为50.0% 、86.8% 、86.4% 、4.5% 、99.3% 、3.8% 和58.0% 。结论:高危HPV 检测和LCT 检查均为目前宫颈癌筛查较好的方法,VIA 和阴道镜检查敏感性较差,漏诊率高,不适合大范围筛查,但二者阴性预测值均较高,可应用于临床病例诊断。      

高危型人乳头瘤病毒HC2检测在宫颈上皮内瘤变筛查中的意义

目的:评估杂交捕获法Ⅱ(HC2)检测高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)在子宫颈上皮内瘤变筛查中的价值.方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年10月在我院妇科门诊进行宫颈薄层液基细胞学(LCT)检测和HPV-DNA 二联检查的700例患者,以及其中进行LCT、HPV-DNA 和阴道镜下宫颈多点活检三联检查的131例患者的临床资料,以组织病理活检结果作为金标准.结果:在二联检查的700例患者中,宫颈非典型性鳞状细胞(ASC)、低级别鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高级别鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)和鳞状细胞癌(SCC)组HPV阳性率分别为67%、93.3%、100%和100%,均高于未见上皮内病变或恶性病变组(NILM)43.6%(P＜0.05).在三联检查131例患者中,轻度宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CINⅠ)、中度宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CINⅡ)、重度宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CINⅢ)和浸润癌组HPV阳性率分别为71.8%、92.9%、100%和100%,呈明显升高趋势,均高于病理结果正常组(无高危型HPV感染的湿疣,炎症与正常组织)57.7%.在HPV-DNA 和LCT结果均为阴性的228例,活检未发现阳性病例(高危型HPV感染的湿疣CINⅠ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、浸润癌);HPV-DNA 阴性、LCT阳性的133例,活检发现2例阳性病例;HPV-DNA阳性、LCT阴性的176例,活检发现9例阳性病例;HPV-DNA阳性、LCT阳性的163例,活检发现75例阳性病例;结论:高危型HPV感染与宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌密切相关.对于宫颈癌及其癌前病变的筛查及早期诊断,应以高危型HPV-DNA HC2检测辅助宫颈细胞学检查以提高检出率.     

萧山区妇女HPV感染现状及与宫颈病变的关系

[目的]探讨人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染与宫颈病变的关系.[方法]对2010年1月至2012年12月就诊的2 423例病例进行液基细胞学检查和HPV检测,对细胞学诊断≥ASCUS及HPV检测为高危阳性的病例进行阴道镜下宫颈组织活检.[结果]在2 423例病例中,HPV阳性率为36.11％(875/2 423).在ASCUS、LSIL、HSIL、SCC中HPV阳性率分别为54.13％、71.67％、93.85％和100.00％.组织学诊断CIN Ⅰ、CINⅡ、CINⅢ、SCC病变中HPV阳性率分别为76.74％、85.0％、90.91％和100.00％.HPV16的检出率在不同宫颈病变中均居首位,且随宫颈病变的级别升高而感染率升高.[结论] HPV16是最常见的高危型.HPV检测并联合液基细胞学和组织学检查能更有效地筛查宫颈病变,为预防宫颈癌提供可靠的科学依据.     

温岭市已婚妇女宫颈癌组织筛查分析

[目的]了解温岭市已婚妇女宫颈癌筛查情况,探讨其筛查价值。[方法]2010年4～10月参加宫颈病变筛查妇女21566例,以液基细胞学(TCT)、人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)和阴道镜为筛查方法,活检组织病理学为诊断金标准。[结果]21566例患者中检出细胞学阳性共1024例,988例行HPV-DNA检测HPV感染405例,病理诊断宫颈上皮内瘤样变(CIN)Ⅰ139例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ83例,鳞状细胞癌(SCC)1例。农村居民宫颈病变患病率明显高于城镇居民(χ2=16.65,P<0.05)。[结论]通过有组织地对已婚妇女行宫颈癌筛查,可早期发现宫颈病变。     

液基细胞学检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用效果

目的探讨液基细胞学检测(TCT)在宫颈癌筛查中的应用效果。方法选取2015年6月至2016年12月间眉山市妇幼保健院收治的760例宫颈筛查患者,所有患者均行TCT检测,对于TCT阳性的患者行阴道镜检测,以病理诊断为金标准,观察分析TCT检测的准确度和特异度。结果760例患者中液基细胞学异常者159例(20.9%),其中不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)75例(9.9%),高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)43例(5.7%),低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)41例(5.4%)。159例患者阴道镜下宫颈活检术发现,宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I患者73例(45.9%)。在75例ASCUS患者中,阴道镜检查CIN I 41例,CIN II 18例,TCT诊断符合率为78.7%;43例HSIL患者中,阴道镜检查CIN I14例,CIN II 18例,CIN III 6例,3例宫颈癌,符合率为95.3%;41例LSIL患者中,阴道镜检查CIN I18例,CIN II 13例,CIN III 3例,符合率为82.9%。结论 TCT检查在宫颈癌筛查中准确度较高,可为临床诊断提供一定的依据。     

膜式液基薄层细胞学检测联合高危型人乳头状瘤病毒分型检测在宫颈癌筛查中的应用

目的探讨膜式液基薄层细胞学检测技术(TCT)联合高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)分型检测技术在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2160例有性生活史患者的宫颈脱落细胞作为筛检标本,采用TCT联合基因杂交捕获法(HC-II)对细胞学异常或临床存在高危症状的患者进行HPV分型检测,HPV阳性患者再行阴道镜下宫颈活组织病理学检查。结果 2160例受试标本中,259例(12.0%)患者TCT检查结果异常。TCT检查结果异常患者中,118例(45.6%)患者HPV分型检测阳性。宫颈活检病理结果显示,无上皮内病变或恶性病变(NILN)患者29例,宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I级患者40例,CIN II级以上患者49例。宫颈癌的发生率随宫颈内病变程度的增加而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HPV感染是诱发女性宫颈癌变的关键因素,临床应用TCT联合HPV基因分型检测技术筛查宫颈病变和早期宫颈癌更为精准、快捷、敏锐。     

液基细胞学筛查宫颈癌的研究

目的 评价ThinPrep液基细胞学在宫颈癌高发区筛查的准确性。方法 1997年例受检者同时做宫颈脱落细胞液基标本采集和阴道镜活检,用液基标本做薄片细胞学诊断和肿瘤相关人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV)检测。细胞学诊断采用TBS分级系统,阳性诊断包括意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）以上病变,诊断结果与阴道活检诊断和肿瘤相关HPV DNA阳性检出率对照。所有检查均双盲进行。结果 ThinPrep液基细胞学检出100％（12／12）的鳞状细胞癌（SCC）;93．2％（69／74）的鳞状上皮内高度病变（HSIL）,其中CIN396．8％（30／31）,CIN90．7％（39／43）;72．4％（92／127）的鳞状上皮内低度病变（LSIL）。SCC和CIN3的分级准确率分别达100％和87．1％。HPVDNA阳性检出率与细胞学分级密切相关,且在细胞学与组织学相同级别基本一致。结论 宫颈液基标本收集方法有利于细胞学和肿瘤相关HPV DNA双重检查。ThinPrep液基细胞学检查敏感性高,尤其是对鳞状上皮内高度病变。     

TCT联合HC-Ⅱ HPV筛查宫颈病变及药物干预的方法

目的探讨应用液基薄层宫颈刷片细胞学检测(Thinprep cytological test,TCT)及杂交捕获二代(Hybrid captureⅡ,HC-Ⅱ)人乳头瘤病毒(Human papilloma virus,HPV)分型检测筛查宫颈病变的意义和对高危病例进行药物干预的方法。方法2004年4月~2005年8月,采用TCT和HPV DNA分型检测对17 320例患者进行宫颈病变的筛查,并以病理组织学活检为标准来验证筛查结果,同时应用氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)可吸收缓释药膜对适宜病例进行局部干预治疗。结果TCT结果异常者1 754例,其中高危型HPV-DNA阳性450例;431例TCT提示无HPV感染病例中有172例高危型HPV-DNA阳性;TCT或TCT联合HC-ⅡHPV筛查宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)II级及以上病变的敏感性和特异性分别为81.12%、89.65%和72.08%、97.99%;采用5-Fu可吸收缓释药膜治疗25例CINⅠ级HPV高危型感染患者后,其病毒负荷量下降幅度、转阴率和病理逆转率均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论TCT和HPV分型检测联合应用于宫颈病变筛查可提高CINⅡ级及以上病变的特异性检出;5-Fu可吸收缓释药膜治疗CINⅠ级HPV高危型感染患者可降低其病毒负荷量,甚至清除。     

宫颈不典型鳞状细胞ASCUS 的临床处理探讨

目的:探讨宫颈细胞学检查ASCUS（未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状细胞）的临床意义和处理方法。方法:2007年8 月至2009年6 月,对上海市闵行区中医医院妇科就诊的119 例细胞学检查报告为ASCUS 患者行阴道镜评估与镜下活检并对比其检查结果,同时进行了高危人类乳头瘤病毒（High-risk human papillomarirus ,HPV ）检测。结果:ASCUS 患者中包含43例（36.13%）宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）及原位癌,其中CIN Ⅰ29例（24.37%）、CIN Ⅱ9 例（7.56%）、CIN Ⅲ4 例（3.36%）及原位癌1 例（0.84%）。 高危HPV 阳性51例（42.86%）,其中33例为上皮内瘤变（64.71%）,高危HPV 阴性68例,其中10例为上皮内瘤变,高危HPV 阳性组CIN检出率明显高于阴性组,两者比较有统计学意义（χ2=32.9,P<0.05）。 HPV 检测和阴道镜检查诊断上皮内瘤变的灵敏度,分别为76.74% 和81.40% ,两者比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论:宫颈细胞学诊断为ASCUS 的病例中上皮内瘤变率高,应加强对AS?CUS 患者的重视,高危HPV 检测和阴道镜检查是对ASCUS 进一步处理的有效方法,尤其对高危型HPV 阳性的病例,应在阴道镜下行活组织检查,正确运用这两种方法,可提高宫颈病变筛查的阳性率。      

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.