CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

目的 探讨CT灌注成像(CT perfusion,CTP)在超早期脑梗死诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用.方法 33例发病＜5 h临床诊断为脑梗死的患者行CT平扫后,再行CTP,24 h后复查CT.结果 33例患者基线CT平扫均未见异常.CTP显示15例正常,18例异常.CTP正常者病灶侧局部脑血流量(regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)、局部脑血容量(regional cerebral blood volume,rCBV)和局部平均通过时间(regional mean transit time,rMTT)分别为(32.588±5.877)ml/(100 g·min)、(1.205±0.261)ml/100 g和(2.937±0.887)s,与健侧的(33.208±6.740)ml/(100 g·min)、(1.233±0.290)ml/100 g和(2.854±0.799)s无显著差异(P均＞0.05);经临床追踪和复查CT证实,11例确诊为短暂性脑缺血发作、2例为低血糖、2例为脑干梗死.18例CTP异常患者病侧rCBF、rCBV和rMTT分别为(6.580±3.457)ml/(100 g·min)、(0.803±0.285)ml/100 g和(14.947±4.665)s,与健侧的(34.756±4.126)ml/(100 g·min)、(1.622±0.708)ml/100 g和(3.794±1.775)s差异显著(P均＜0.05);临床追踪和复查CT证实为基底节区脑梗死.结论 CTP可用于超早期脑梗死诊断,且具有鉴别诊断的意义.     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

Objective To investigate the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods After CT scan was performed in 33 patients who were clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction ＜5 hours of symptom onset,CTP imaging was performed. CT was reexamined after 24 hours.Results CT scan did not fred abnormality in 33 patients. CTP imaging showed 15 were normal and 18 were abnormal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV),and regional mean transit time (rMTT) in patients with normal CTP imaging were 32.588±5.877 ml/(100 g · min),1.205 ±0.261 ml/100 g,and 2.937±0.887 s,respectively. There were no significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (33. 208 ± 6. 740)ml/(100 g · min),1. 233 ± 0. 290) ml/100 g,and 2. 854 ± 0. 799 s) (all P ＞ 0. 05).Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed that 11 patients were diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (TIA),2 were hypoglycemia,and 2 were brain stem infarction. The rCBF,rCBV,and rMTT in the ipsilateral sides of 18 patients with CTP imaging abnormality were 6. 580 ±3. 457 ml/(100 g·min),0. 803 ±0. 285 ml/100 g,and 14. 947 ±4. 665 s,respectively. There were significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (34. 756 ± 4. 126 ml/(100 g·min),1. 622 ±0.708 ml/100 g,and (3.794 ± 1. 775 s) (all P ＜0. 05). Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed as cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Conclusions CTP imaging can be used for the diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction and has the significance of differential diagnosis.     

CT灌注成像在超早期脑梗死中的应用

Objective To investigate the role of computed tomography perfusion (CTP)in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods After CT scan was performed in 33 patients who were clinically diagnosed as cerebral infarction ＜5 hours of symptom onset,CTP imaging was performed. CT was reexamined after 24 hours.Results CT scan did not fred abnormality in 33 patients. CTP imaging showed 15 were normal and 18 were abnormal. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF),regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV),and regional mean transit time (rMTT) in patients with normal CTP imaging were 32.588±5.877 ml/(100 g · min),1.205 ±0.261 ml/100 g,and 2.937±0.887 s,respectively. There were no significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (33. 208 ± 6. 740)ml/(100 g · min),1. 233 ± 0. 290) ml/100 g,and 2. 854 ± 0. 799 s) (all P ＞ 0. 05).Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed that 11 patients were diagnosed as transient ischemic attack (TIA),2 were hypoglycemia,and 2 were brain stem infarction. The rCBF,rCBV,and rMTT in the ipsilateral sides of 18 patients with CTP imaging abnormality were 6. 580 ±3. 457 ml/(100 g·min),0. 803 ±0. 285 ml/100 g,and 14. 947 ±4. 665 s,respectively. There were significant differences compared to the contralateral sides (34. 756 ± 4. 126 ml/(100 g·min),1. 622 ±0.708 ml/100 g,and (3.794 ± 1. 775 s) (all P ＜0. 05). Clinical follow up and CT reexamination confirmed as cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Conclusions CTP imaging can be used for the diagnosis of hyperacute cerebral infarction and has the significance of differential diagnosis.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像在急性脑梗死诊断中的应用

目的　评价多层螺旋CT灌注成像 (MSCTPI)在急性脑梗死中的应用。方法　对 31例发病 2～ 2 4h(其中 2 1例发病 <6h为超急性期脑梗死 ,10例发病 6～ 2 4h为急性期脑梗死 )的临床诊断为脑梗死的患者行常规CT平扫及MSCTPI检查。结果　 31例患者中 2 1例临床诊断为超急性期脑梗死的患者CT平扫未见异常 ,10例急性期脑梗死的患者 8例CT平扫未见异常。而 31例灌注成像中 2 8例发现与临床症状相对应的灌注异常区 ,后经随访CT证实均为缺血性脑梗死。 3例未发现灌注异常的患者后经MRI证实 ,1例为上矢状窦静脉血栓 ,1例为脑干 (延髓 )梗死 ,1例为尾状核头部腔隙脑梗死。结论　MSCTPI可以超早期诊断急性脑梗死 ,为其早期溶栓及个体化治疗提供影像学依据     

螺旋CT灌注成像检测血流动力学对肝硬化的诊断价值

目的探讨肝脏血流灌注情况对肝硬化程度的鉴别诊断价值。方法采用螺旋CT灌注成像检测20例肝硬化患者[属肝功能Child-Pugh分级A级7例定为肝硬化(1)组;肝功能Child-Pugh分级B级9例和C级4例定为(2)组]和15例正常对照者肝脏血流动力学变化。CT灌注扫描成像获取肝脏早期动态增强斜率值(Steep Slope,SS)函数曲线,分析曲线类型,并以脾增强高峰出现为界,把肝脏增强分为肝动脉期和门静脉期,计算肝动脉期和门静脉期最大斜率比值,记为SSr,作为评估指标进行组间对比。结果 (1)肝硬化1组、肝硬化2组及正常对照组三组斜率曲线类型分布存在差异(P0.01);(2)肝硬化患者SSr值较正常对照组加大,肝硬化1组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而肝硬化2组与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01);(3)肝硬化2组和肝硬化1组比较,肝硬化2组SSr值出现倒置,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论早期动态CT增强动门脉斜率函数曲线类型及Steep Slope比值SSr能够反应肝硬化的血流灌注情况及血管变化程度,可作为肝硬化程度的定量指标,对评估临床治疗效果及预后具有重要价值。     

CT灌注和CT血管成像在缺血性卒中早期诊断中的作用

目的探讨CT灌注和CT血管成像对缺血性卒中患者早期诊断缺血半暗带和缺血部位的作用。方法回顾20例缺血性卒中患者,于发病24h之内均行CT灌注检查,8例行CT血管成像,获取梗死侧与正常侧脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)和平均通过时间(MTT)参数图和脑血管影像,将上述结果进行统计学分析。结果本组急性脑梗死16例,4例TIA患者,经CT灌注检查梗死侧缺血中心区的CBV、CBF为(2.1±0.6)ml/100g、(22.8±26.2)ml.100g-1.min-1,较正常侧明显减少,MTT为(7.6±3.2)s,与正常对照区相比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。15例可见缺血半暗带存在,CT血管成像8例,与CT灌注判断的梗塞血管基本相符。结论CT灌注成像能快速、准确反映缺血半暗带的部位、范围,结合CT血管成像,可以准确判断栓塞血管部位,对早期诊断缺血性卒中和抓住动脉溶栓时机有较好的指导作用。     

CT灌注成像对不明发病时间急性脑梗死患者溶栓治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨CT灌注成像(CTP)指导下对不明发病时间急性脑梗死患者溶栓治疗的有效性和安全性。方法收集不明发病时间急性脑梗死患者61例,经CTP检查存在缺血半暗带,符合CTP筛选溶栓标准,行组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂阿替普酶注射剂静脉溶栓8例(CTP组),CTP检查不存在缺血半暗带行常规药物保守治疗36例(未溶栓组),另选取同期发病时间4.5h急性脑梗死患者17例(对照组)。使用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评价3组治疗前、治疗后24h及14d疗效,治疗后临床治愈率、颅内出血发生率。结果3组治疗前NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与未溶栓组比较,CTP组和对照组治疗后24h及14dNIHSS评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);而CTP组与对照组溶栓后24h、14dNIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CTP组和对照组治疗后14d临床治愈率明显高于未溶栓组(62.5%,58.8%vs 11.1%,P=0.006,P=0.001);CTP组与对照组治疗后14d临床治愈率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=1.000)。结论 CTP对不明发病时间急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗有一定的指导意义。     

CT灌注成像在缺血性脑血管病中的临床应用

CT灌注成像(CTperfusion,cIP)为缺血性脑血管病的诊断提供了一种新的方法,评价指标包括脑血流量、脑血容量、达峰时间和平均通过时间等.这些用于评价脑血流灌注的半定量指标对于指导选择最佳治疗方案和观察疗效具有非常重要的意义.CIP在缺血性脑血管病中的主要应用范围包括急性缺血性卒中半睛带和梗死灶的判定,以及与其他手段结合预测出血性转化和选择溶栓候选病例.此外,CIP还用于慢性脑缺血患者脑血管储备功能的评价和蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑血管痉挛的诊断和疗效评价等.     

CT灌注成像在缺血性脑血管病中的临床应用

CT灌注成像(CTperfusion,cIP)为缺血性脑血管病的诊断提供了一种新的方法,评价指标包括脑血流量、脑血容量、达峰时间和平均通过时间等.这些用于评价脑血流灌注的半定量指标对于指导选择最佳治疗方案和观察疗效具有非常重要的意义.CIP在缺血性脑血管病中的主要应用范围包括急性缺血性卒中半睛带和梗死灶的判定,以及与其他手段结合预测出血性转化和选择溶栓候选病例.此外,CIP还用于慢性脑缺血患者脑血管储备功能的评价和蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑血管痉挛的诊断和疗效评价等.     

多层螺旋CT灌注成像对肝硬化的诊断价值

肝脏CT灌注成像是一种新兴功能成像技术,通过同层动态扫描获得多种灌注参数,对肝动脉和门静脉血流变化进行定量分析,进而反映肝硬化形成过程中的血流动力学改变。目前用于肝硬化诊断的传统CT扫描技术以反映解剖学形态为主,CT灌注成像技术在肝肿瘤中的研究较多,而对肝硬化发生过程中的血流变化研究较少,对肝硬化灌注参数的分析较零散。因此,本文对多层螺旋CT灌注成像技术在肝硬化血液动力学变化方面的研究作一综述。     

Infarct size determined by emission computed tomography using 99mTc-PYP: effect of coronary thrombolysis

Emission computed tomography with 99mTc-PYP was used to estimate infarct size in 38 patients with documented acute myocardial infarction. In the present study, the effect of thrombolysis with Urokinase on infarct size and on left ventricular function was assessed. Fourteen patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent intracoronary thrombolysis within six hours after the onset of symptoms, and 24 patients who underwent conventional therapy were the subjects of this study. Infarct size was measured by drawing a region of interest around the myocardial pyrophosphate uptake for each tomographic slice. The boundary was then defined as 65% of the maximal count within the region of interest as determined by phantom volume studies. The total number of voxels was obtained by adding those in all slices and multiplying the sum by the voxel volume (0.205 ml per one voxel) to determine the infarct volume. Measurement of the 99mTc-PYP uptake on the tomographic image revealed an average infarct size of 100.1 +/- 36.0 ml (ranged 45 to 198). The calculated infarct volume correlated significantly with sigma CPK (p less than 0.01) and with left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.01), but not with the peak CPK. In patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction, the mean infarct volume was 78.4 +/- 29.1 ml in the coronary thrombolysis group, and 105.1 +/- 33.7 ml in the conventional bypass graft treatment group (p less than 0.05). We concluded that successful intracoronary thrombolysis may reduce infarct size. ECT imaging with 99mTc-PYP to determine infarct size may be clinically applicable in patients with acute myocardial infarction.     

动静脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床研究

目的探讨动静脉联合溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效及安全性。方法将65例发病在6h内的急性缺血性卒中患者随机分为两组:超选择性动脉溶栓 静脉溶栓组(联合组)共35例;超选择性动脉溶栓组(动脉组),30例。动脉组用微导管超选择病变动脉,尿激酶用量50万~150万U。联合组先静脉滴注尿激酶0.5万~1.0万U/kg,再动脉给尿激酶,总量不超过150万U。术前及术后6h、24h、7d、30d、90d采用欧洲卒中量表(ESS)评价神经功能缺损情况。结果治疗24h、30d后ESS评分联合组为83±24、88±26;动脉组为77±29、81±24。治疗后总再通率:联合组为42.8%,动脉组为33.3%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论起病6h内,动静脉联合溶栓与动脉溶栓治疗相比,总再通率增加。     

Evaluation of myocardium in ischemic heart disease by ultrafast computed tomography.

In this study we evaluated quantitatively the contrast enhancement of the myocardium of 27 patients with infarction and ischemia by ultrafast CT (Imatron C-100) with a scan time of 100 msec. We defined three parameters from the CT numbers of the myocardium and the ventricle in both the early and the late phase (about 4 min) after the injection of non-ionic contrast material; the difference of the CT numbers of myocardium between the early and the late phase (delta CT#), and the ratios of the CT numbers of the myocardium and the ventricular lumen (M/L) in both the early phase and the late phase. The delta CT# for myocardial infarction and severe ischemia were -20 +/- 10HU and -8 +/- 10HU, respectively. These values were significantly lower than the mild ischemic myocardium and normal myocardium (p less than 0.001). The average M/L values for myocardial infarction and ischemia in the early phase were 19 +/- 8% and 16 +/- 6%, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those in normal myocardium (p less than 0.001). The average M/L values for infarction and severe ischemia in the late phase were 90 +/- 18% and 63 +/- 20%, respectively. These M/L were significantly dissociated (p less than 0.001). Our results indicate that with contrast UFCT it is feasible to detect quantitatively the myocardial characteristics of ischemia and infarction.     

尿激酶动脉溶栓与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂静脉溶栓治疗缺血性卒中的疗效比较

目的 评价选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析发病6 h内的急性脑梗死患者43例的临床资料,其中动脉溶栓组31例,静脉溶栓组12例.动脉溶栓组患者在发病6 h内经DSA证实为颅内血管闭塞,并进行超选择性动脉溶栓治疗(尿激酶总量<75万U);静脉溶栓组患者于发病3 h内接受重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂...     

Evaluation and clinical use of early washout ratio of thallium-201 in normal and ischemic myocardium after dipyridamole-induced vasodilation using ring-type emission computed tomography

Using newly developed ring-type emission computed tomography (SPECT), we investigated the washout ratio (WR) of T1-201 in the myocardium quantitatively with fast dynamic scanning after infusion of dipyridamole (0.57 mg/kg), and assessed the feasibility of early WR as a marker to detect coronary artery disease. Twenty-three patients with and 8 patients without coronary artery disease had serial SPECT images obtained every 5 min for 45 min and at 180 min after dipyridamole and subsequent T1-201 injection. The best appropriate transaxial slice was selected for WR analysis. Most appropriate diagnostic time was 25 min after infusion of T1-201 (WR-25). Normal WR-25 was 7.1 +/- 4.0%, 5.9 +/- 3.1% and 7.1 +/- 2.3% at the septum, anterior and lateral wall, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy to identify coronary stenosis greater than 50% with a usage of abnormal WR-25, defined as WR-25 less than (mean of normals--1SD) in each region of inferest of the left ventricle (LV), were 96%, 100% and 97%, respectively. These results were better than those achieved by visual analysis (sensitivity 78%, specificity 100%, accuracy 84%). In patients with single as well as multivessel disease, the regional accuracy in assessing stenosis of more than 50% in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX) by WR-25 was 94% and 83%, respectively, which was significantly better than using visual methods (LAD 72% and LCX 50%; p less than 0.05). Thus, evaluation of early washout ratios (WR-25) after dipyridamole injection is a valuable method to increase sensitivity in assessing regional myocardial perfusion abnormality and is helpful in detection of ischemic heart disease, even with multivessel disease.     

急性卒中患者的缺血半暗带评价

卒中的发病率、致残率和死亡率均很高.缺血半暗带评价对于指导临床治疗和评估预后具有非常重要的意义.目前,可采用MRI、CT、正电子发射体层摄影和单光子发射计算机体层摄影等影像学技术评价缺血半暗带.     

Evaluation of substernal goiters using computed tomography and MR imaging.

Computed tomography and MR imaging are valuable techniques for determining the presence and extent of substernal goiters, their impingement on adjacent structures in the neck and chest, and whether mediastinal masses are thyroidal in origin. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and the radiologic characteristics of substernal goiters. Radiographic examples of both techniques are included to illustrate common clinical settings. Finally, suggestions for choosing which patients will benefit from scanning and which technique will safely provide the maximum information in various clinical settings are discussed.     

氙CT对缺血性脑血管病血管储备功能的研究

目的 评价合并有脑血管狭窄的缺血性脑血管病患者脑血管储备功能(CVR)的特点.方法 对20例有脑血管狭窄的缺血性脑血管病患者分别在静息状态和静脉注入乙酰唑胺(ACZ)后行氙CT脑血流灌注检查,定量测定ACZ负荷前后局部脑血流(rCBF),计算CVR.比较所有受试全脑、患侧与健侧大脑半球、责任血管供应区与健侧对应血管供应区的rCBF和CVR.结果 责任血管供应区与健侧对应区域rCBF和CVR:两者静息rCBF差异无统计学意义,责任血骨供应区CVR低于健侧对应区域[(5.9±24.3)%比(25.9±32.6)%,P＜0.05].结论 CVR下降是合并有脑血管狭窄缺血性卒中患者的重要特点.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the cerebrovascular reserve(CVR) in patients of ischemic stroke with cerebrovascular stenosis by Xenon-enhanced CT. Methods Twenty subjects of ischemic stroke with cerebrovascular stenosis were recruited. All subjects were examined by Xenon-enhanced CT before and after acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge test to quantitatively measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and CVR. Results We compared the rCBF in the corresponding region supplied with stenosed artery (divided manually) with that in the region of normal side. There was no significant difference in resting rCBF but in CVR [ipsilateral side vs. normal side ( 5.9 ± 24. 3 ) % vs ( 25.9 ± 32. 6 ) % , P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion Impaired CVR is an important character of the patients with cerebrovascular stenosis suffered from ischemic stroke.