游离轻链与免疫固定电泳检测对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断价值分析

目的:探讨游离轻链与免疫固定电泳检测对多发性骨髓瘤的诊断价值。方法:选取2015年1月～2019年7月就诊于某院的45例多发性骨髓瘤患者为观察组,同期行健康体检的45例健康者为对照组,均行游离轻链与免疫固定电泳检测。记录观察组血清免疫固定电泳分型,并对比两组游离轻链结果。结果:45例患者中血清免疫固定电泳呈现不同类型的M蛋白区带,比例最高的为IgG型,其次为轻链型。λ型多发性骨髓瘤19例(42.22%)、κ型26例(57.78%)。λ型组游离轻链λ值、κ型组游离轻链κ值、游离轻链κ/λ高于对照组;λ型组游离轻链κ/λ低于对照组;λ型组游离轻链λ值高于κ型组,游离轻链κ值和游离轻链κ/λ低于κ型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:游离轻链与免疫固定电泳检测在多发性骨髓瘤患者诊断、病情检测、疾病分型、指导治疗等有重要价值。     

实验室检查在多发性骨髓瘤单克隆免疫球蛋白中的诊断价值

目的探讨多发性骨髓瘤单克隆免疫球蛋白(M蛋白)的临床诊断价值。方法采用免疫固定电泳(IFE)、血清蛋白电泳(SPE)及免疫球蛋白定量(Ig)技术检测105例多发性骨髓瘤患者的血清和尿液,其中10例MM患者进行自体骨髓移植,对其血清M蛋白的表达进行跟踪检测。结果 105例多发性骨髓瘤患者血清免疫固定电泳M蛋白105例阳性,阳性率为100.0%;尿本周氏蛋白阳性76例,阳性率为72.4%(76/105)。25例血清M蛋白为轻链型患者尿本周蛋白阳性率为92.0%(23/25);血清蛋白电泳78例出现M带,检出率为74.3%(78/105);免疫球蛋白定量68例显著升高,阳性率为64.8%(68/105)。结论免疫固定电泳检测M蛋白对诊断MM具有高度的敏感性和特异性,是M蛋白定性和分型的重要指标;血清蛋白电泳和免疫球蛋白定量检测M蛋白可早期筛查MM,减少误诊或漏诊;三项指标联合检测M蛋白对MM的诊断、病情监测、疗效评估及预后判断提供重要依据。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者血清M蛋白分型及相关因素分析

目的对多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者血清M蛋白分型及相关因素进行分析。方法对104例血清蛋白电泳异常的多发性骨髓瘤患者血清进行免疫固定电泳分型,同时分别检测各型患者血清中的β2-TG、CRP和Cr的含量。结果 104例MM患者血清中IgG-к型有31例;25例IgG-λ型;11例IgA-к型,13例IgA-λ型,5例IgD-λ型和7例к轻链型、12例λ轻链型;MM患者血清中β2-TG、CRP和Cr的含量较正常对照组均明显升高(P<0.05);各型之间β2-TG、CRP和Cr的含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论应用免疫固定电泳对多发性骨髓瘤患者的M蛋白进行分型鉴定特异性好、灵敏度高,是多发性骨髓瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断的重要手段。多发性骨髓瘤患者β2-TG、CRP和Cr的含量明显高于正常人,各型之间β2-TG、CRP和Cr的含量无显著性差异。     

56例IgD型多发性骨髓瘤的分型研究

目的探讨免疫固定电泳技术在IgD型多发性骨髓瘤(MM)分型中的应用价值,研究其实验室特征。方法从1356例MM患者中,筛选出在免疫固定电泳结果中只有轻链而不出现IgGAM重链的血清样本,用抗游离轻链的单克隆抗体及抗IgD、抗IgE单克隆抗体再进行免疫固定电泳,对IgD型M蛋白阳性患者血清进行免疫球蛋白定量,对其尿液标本进行本周蛋白定性检测。结果 1356例MM患者中有56例为IgD型,占MM的4.1%,其中53例为IgD-λ型,3例为IgD-κ型;51例呈血清游离轻链阳性;56例患者中仅2例尿液本周氏蛋白呈阴性,54例呈阳性;患者血清的IgG、IgA、IgM与正常人比较结果偏低。结论利用抗游离轻链的单克隆抗体及抗IgD、抗IgE抗体进行免疫固定电泳,对多发性骨髓瘤的分型诊断具有重要意义。     

实验室检查在多发性骨髓瘤临床诊断中的价值

目的了解各种实验室检查在多发性骨髓瘤(MM)临床诊断中的价值。方法对2007年2月～2011年2月临床诊断为多发性骨髓瘤的26例患者血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、血清总蛋白、免疫球蛋白及尿本-周氏蛋白、骨髓细胞学检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果血清蛋白电泳分析发现26例MM均检出M带,免疫固定电泳结果显示:IgG型16例(61.5%),为最多类型,其中IgGκ型10例(38.5%),IgGλ型6例(23.1%);IgA型7例(26.9%),其中IgAκ型5例(19.2%),IgAλ型2例(7.7%);IgM型1例(3.8%),为κ型;轻链型2例(7.7%),均为λ型。IgG型M带多出现在γ区,IgA型M带多出现在在β区。各类型M蛋白阳性患者对应Ig的血清浓度均显著升高;轻链型各种Ig含量均降低。23例血清总蛋白升高。26例尿本-周氏蛋白检测均为阴性。16例行骨髓细胞学检查的患者14例骨髓浆细胞质与量的改变均符合诊断标准。结论血清总蛋白、免疫球蛋白检测对临床诊断MM具有重要的提示作用;血清蛋白电泳因其灵敏度高、速度快且图谱清晰直观,是很好的M蛋白临床筛查实验;免疫固定电泳因其特异性好、灵敏度高,对MM的诊断分型和临床分期具有重要意义。     

免疫固定电泳技术在多发性骨髓瘤单克隆免疫球蛋白检测中的应用

目的探讨应用免疫固定电泳技术检测多发性骨髓瘤单克隆免疫球蛋白(M蛋白)的意义。方法采用琼脂糖凝胶免疫固定电泳技术检测261份临床送检血清和尿液,其中76例为多发性骨髓瘤患者。结果76例多发性骨髓瘤患者血清M蛋白阳性76例,阳性率为100%;尿本周蛋白阳性53例,阳性率为70%。17例血清M蛋白为轻链型患者尿本周蛋白阳性率为94%。185例非多发性骨髓瘤患者均未检出M带。结论免疫固定电泳检测M蛋白的技术对诊断多发性骨髓瘤具有高度的敏感性和特异性,是M蛋白定性和分型的首选方法。     

多发性骨髓瘤40例血清免疫学特征

目的 探讨多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)的血清免疫学特征.方法 采用血清蛋白、血清蛋白电泳和免疫球蛋白定量及免疫固定电泳,对40例删患者进行逐项检测.结果 36例(90%)MM患者血清蛋白电泳可显示M蛋白带,4例(10%)不显示M蛋白带.IgG型及IgM型M蛋白带多出现在γ球蛋白区,IgA型出现在β区或α2与β区之间、β与γ区之间.其中IgG型25例(62.5%);IgA型8例(20%);IGD型2例(5%);IgM型1例(2.5%);轻链型3例(7.5%),在轻链型中κ型与λ型之比为3:1;不分泌型1例(2.5%).免疫球蛋白定量显示M蛋白所属免疫球蛋白部分显著增高,而正常的免疫球蛋白,包括与M蛋白同类的丙种球蛋白的含量则显著降低.有19例患者尿本周蛋白阳性.结论 免疫固定电泳的检测可作出对MM进行准确的免疫分型、实验室诊断,对临床治疗有一定的指导意义.     

实验室检查在多发性骨髓瘤临床诊断中的价值

目的探讨实验室检查在多发性骨髓瘤临床诊断中的价值。方法对68例多发性骨髓瘤的患者,从血清总蛋白、尿蛋白、血清蛋白电泳、免疫固定电泳、免疫球蛋白几个方面进行实验室检查。结果 68例患者中,49例(72.06%)血清总蛋白含量升高;61例(89.7%)尿蛋白阳性;检出M蛋白率100%;IgG型42例(61.76%),IgM型4例(5.88%),IgA型15例(22.06%),轻链型7例(10.30%)。结论实验室检查在多发性骨髓瘤临床诊断中对患病的检出率较高,能有效减少误诊率,它的诊断具有重要价值。可作为临床诊断首选方法。     

免疫固定电泳技术在多发性骨髓瘤诊断及预后中的价值

目的探讨免疫固定电泳（IFE）对于多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的诊断以及预后评估的临床价值。方法对67例MM患者的血清标本进行IFE、血清蛋白电泳和免疫球蛋白（Ig）定量检测。其中的5例患者进行自体干细胞移植,并对其血清M蛋白的表达进行跟踪检测。结果67例MM患者中62例血清蛋白电泳可检测出M蛋白带,血清免疫固定电泳分型：IgG型38例（56．7％）,其中K轻链型20例,入轻链型18例;IgA型22例（32．8％）,其中K轻链型12例,入轻链型10例;IgM型1例（1．49％）;游离轻链型6例（8．96％）,其中x轻链型3例,入轻链型3例。结论IFE技术具有灵敏度高,特异性好的特点,能快速、准确地进行MM分型,并在MM的诊断、病情判断及预后评估具有重要的临床意义。     

多发性骨髓瘤免疫球蛋白M蛋白测定的结果分析

目的对63例多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的血清免疫固定电泳及血清免疫球蛋白M蛋白的测定结果进行回顾性分析,探讨M蛋白检测在MM诊断中的应用。方法对63例[年龄大于或等于50岁居多（55例）,50岁以下较少（8例）,男性略多于女性（41∶22）]确诊为MM的患者进行免疫固定电泳、血清蛋白电泳和免疫球蛋白定量测定,并对结果进行分析比较。结果 IgG类患者所占比例最高（68.3%,43/63）,游离轻链型MM最低（9.5%,6/63）;无论是κ型还是λ型M蛋白,κ/λ值均显著异常。各种免疫学指标检测M蛋白阳性率,血清κ/λ最高（84.1%,53/63）,血清免疫球蛋白定量最低（39.7%,25/63）。结论血清免疫球蛋白M蛋白分类及分型可为临床MM的诊断和治疗提供重要依据。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.