前列腺增生和前列腺癌雌,孕,雄激素受体研究

采用荧光组织化学法测定５０例良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ组）、６例前列腺癌（ＰＣ组）和１２例正常前列腺（Ｎ组）的雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）和雄激素受体（ＡＲ）。结果显示ＢＰＨ组和ＰＣ组ＥＲ阳性率高于Ｎ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＢＰＨ组ＡＲ阳性率高于ＰＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示前列腺组织中性激素受体（ＳＨＲ）的改变与ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ有密切关系，ＰＣ和ＢＰＨ中ＳＨＲ阳性者适用于内分泌治疗。     

前列腺带性结构及其雄激素、雌激素、表皮生长因子受体分布特征的研究

为了探讨雄激素受体（ＡＲ）、雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）和表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在前列腺带性结构中的分布，应用单饱和剂量测定法，分别测定了前列腺移行带、外周带组织中ＡＲ、ＥＲ、ＰＲ和ＥＧＦＲ的含量。结果表明，在１１例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者２２份标本中，移行带和周围带ＡＲ全部阳性；尽管ＡＲ浓度个体差异很大，但是两带之间仍有密切相关性（Ｐ＜０００１）；周围带ＡＲ浓度高于移行带，两带ＡＲ浓度均高于ＰＲ、ＥＲ；ＰＲ和ＥＲ在前列腺带性结构上没有明显差异。ＥＧＦＲ在移行带明显高于周围带。研究证实了ＡＲ、ＥＲ、ＰＲ，ＥＧＦＲ在前列腺移行带和周围带上的分布特征。     

前列腺带性结构及其雄激素,雌激素,表皮生长因子受体分布特…

为了探讨雄激素受体（ＡＲ）、雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）和表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）在前列腺带性结构中的分布，应用单饱和剂量测定法，分别测定了前列腺移行带、外周带组织中ＡＲ、ＥＲ、ＰＲ和ＥＧＦＲ的含量。结果表明，在１１例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）患者２２份标本中，移行带和周围带ＡＲ全部阳性；尽管ＡＲ浓度个体差异很大，但是两带之间仍有密切相关性（Ｐ〈０．００１）；周围带ＡＲ浓度高于移行带，两     

射频热疗对前列腺组织病理变化和PSA、性激素受体表达的影响及其临床意义

为探讨前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）射频热疗机理，对射频热疗前后的人与实验犬前列腺标本，进行了病理组织学、细胞超微结构和前列腺特异抗原（ＰＳＡ）以及睾酮受体（ＡＲ）和雌、孕激素受体（ＥＲ、ＰＲ）表达的动态观察。结果显示，热疗后近期可见前列腺实质水肿、出血、坏死，远期见肉芽组织再生修复，大量纤维组织增生。电镜下见细胞器变性丧失功能，邻近坏死区域组织中可见明显的凋亡现象。人与犬前列腺标本射频组织ＰＳＡ、ＡＲ、ＥＲ和ＰＲ的阳性表达均明显低于各自的对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。研究表明，射频可使前列腺组织实质坏死、纤维组织修复，尿道内腔拉开，减轻机械性梗阻；破坏和阻断α受体，减轻动力性梗阻；破坏和阻断性激素受体，抑制ＢＰＨ的发展。但由于作用深度范围有限，射频的适应证及疗效有限。     

BPH组织中雄激素受体与转化生长因子-βⅠ型受体表达的相关性研究

目的探讨雄激素受体（ＡＲ）与转化生长因子βⅠ型受体（ＴＧＦβＲⅠ）在良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织中表达的意义及其相关性。方法采用免疫组化法研究两种受体在３１例ＢＰＨ和２２例正常前列腺标本中表达的状况。结果ＡＲ和ＴＧＦβＲⅠ在ＢＰＨ上皮、间质组织中的表达显著高于正常前列腺组织（Ｐ＜００５）;在ＢＰＨ间质组织中ＡＲ和ＴＧＦβＲⅠ的表达呈正相关（相关系数ｒ＝０３５８,Ｐ＜００５）。结论ＡＲ和ＴＧＦβＲⅠ在前列腺增生组织中表达增高,两者之间具有协同作用,提示两者在前列腺中的过表达可能参与了ＢＰＨ的发生和病理过程。     

人良性前列腺增生组织中性激素结合位点与细胞外基质的研究

用免疫组织化学方法（ＡＢＣ法）在４９例良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织及１０例正常前列腺组织中对性激素结合位点、纤维粘连蛋白、胶原Ⅳ型蛋白，基膜粘连蛋白进行免疫定位半定量表达。结果提示：ＢＰＨ组织中性激素结合位点表达增强，雄激素的作用部位在上皮及基质细胞，雌激素的作用部位主要在基质细胞；另外ＢＰＨ组织中细胞外基质显著增加，后者与性激素的调节密切相关。     

前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子受体的免疫组化研究

前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子受体的免疫组化研究李彦锋，方玉华，李黔生，邓晚洪，江军应用免疫组化方法分析了良性前列腺增生患者（ＢＰＨ）、青年正常前列腺（ＹＮＰ）和老年非增生前列腺（ＯＮＰ）组织中表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）、雄激素受体（ＡＲ）、雌激素受...     

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ与其受体mRNA在前列腺增生组织中表达

采用地高辛标记的ｃＲＮＡ探针行细胞原位杂交技术，对良性前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）组织中胰岛素样生长因子及受体的基因表达情况进行了研究，结果显示：１４／１６例ＢＰＨ组织中ＩＧＦⅠｍＲＮＡ阳性表达，定位在上皮和基质组织；１１／１２例ＢＰＨ组织中，ＩＧＦⅡｍＲＮＡ阳性表达，定位基质；ＩＧＦⅠ受体ｍＲＮＡ在所检测的８例标本中均有表达，主要定位于上皮，而ＩＧＦⅡ受体ｍＲＮＡ无表达。研究证实ＩＧＦⅠ、ＩＧＦⅡｍＲＮＡ在ＢＰＨ组织中都有表达，提示与ＢＰＨ的发病有关。ＢＰＨ组织中ＩＧＦⅠ受体是ＩＧＦ发挥作用的唯一受体，ＩＧＦ通过自分泌和旁分泌方式对前列腺细胞起作用。     

前列腺增生的组织形态及其PCNA表达的定量研究

目的探讨前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）手术标本的组织形态及其细胞增殖状态的区域分布特征。方法应用ＨＥ染色和免疫组化染色结合计算机辅助图像分析方法，对２４例ＢＰＨ手术标本的三个区域中组织构成和增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达进行定量分析。结果间质面积百分比和间质／上皮比值在尿道周围区、中间区和包膜下区中均依次递减（Ｐ＜０．０１），而上皮和腺腔面积百分比则依次递增（Ｐ＜０．０１）；三区间腺腔／上皮比值差异无显著性。尿道周围区ＰＣＮＡ指数高于其它两区（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＢＰＨ的组织构成和细胞增殖状态存在着区域分布差异。     

血小板衍生生长因子受体在前列腺良恶性病变中的表达及意义

生长因子及其受体表达失调可导致细胞增殖及恶变。为探讨血小板衍生生长因子受体（ＰＤＧＦＲ）表达与前列腺病变关系，用免疫组织化学ＳＰ法研究１４例正常前列腺（ＮＰ）、５６例前列腺增生症（ＢＰＨ）、３３例前列腺癌（ＰＣａ）组织中ＰＤＧＦＲ的表达。发现ＢＰＨ、ＰＣａ组织阳性率分别为７８６％、９３９％，明显高于正常组织的２１４％，Ｐ均＜００１。阳性染色分布于上皮、基质、血管平滑肌、炎症细胞的胞浆、胞膜及核膜。提示ＰＤＧＦＲ的高表达与ＢＰＨ、ＰＣａ和新生血管的发生、发展有密切关系，未发现ＰＤＧＦＲ的高表达在肿瘤的分期、分级中有差异。     

Steroid receptor profile in human prostate cancer metastases as compared with primary prostatic carcinoma

The steroid receptor profile in seven prostate cancer metastases was compared with the profile in seven primary prostate cancers. The secondaries were all lymph node metastases, obtained during pelvic lymphadenectomy, preceding radical prostatectomy or irradiation. Cytosol androgen receptor content was higher in metastases, whereas the nuclear androgen receptor content was only one-fourth that in primary cancer. Cytosol progesterone as well as estrogen receptor contents were markedly lower in metastases compared with primary cancer. The steroid receptor profile differed very little between primary cancer and normal tissue. Primary prostatic carcinoma is usually obtained at early stages of the disease, whereas metastases represent a dedifferentiated, more aggressive cell population. This may explain the low amounts of progesterone, estrogen, and nuclear androgen receptor levels. The total androgen receptor content was similar in metastatic and primary disease, however, with a shift towards a cytosolic predominance in metastases. Possibly androgen receptors in metastatic disease are "deactivated."     

VALUE OF HORMONE RECEPTORS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER—I. ADVANCED BREAST CANCER

A review of 152 women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer is presented. Only 32% of unselected women responded to appropriate endocrine therapy; 64% responded if ER was present and 71% if both ER and PR were present. Survival for the endocrine responders was prolonged and of good quality. Chemotherapy, used subsequently as initial treatment in ER negative women, significantly improved response rates but without a survival advantage. However, there was a strong clinical impression that good performance status was maintained until shortly before death. This data suggests therapy given according to hormone receptor status is of value and confirms the validity of our hormone receptor assays as applied to clinical practice.     

Evidence against the presence of spare muscarinic receptors in the rabbit urinary bladder

In a recent study by Anderson and Marks [1982], indirect evidence was presented for the existence of “150-fold muscarinic receptor excess” in the rabbit urinary bladder. This conclusion was based on the quantitative comparison of the ability of carbamylcholine to both directly contract bladder strips and to inhibit (quinuclidinyl benzilate) binding. In order to investigate the presence of “spare receptors” in the bladder directly, we have determined the effect of benzilylcholine mustard (a noncompetitive cholinergic inhibitor) on both bethanechol stimulation of muscle-strip contraction and on [³H]QNB binding (muscarinic receptor density). The results of these studies indicate that there is no significant “muscarinic receptor excess” in the rabbit urinary bladder.     

31例人肝细胞癌中雄激素受体的测定

应用放射配基结合分析法检测３１例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）及癌旁组织中雄激素受体（ＡＲ）的改变。结果ＨＣＣ癌组织中ＡＲ含量为２５０．３６±１１０．４５ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ·Ｐ,癌旁组织中ＡＲ含量为９０．５５±３１．５６ｆｍｏｌ／ｍｇ·Ｐ,ＨＣＣ癌组织中ＡＲ明显高于癌旁组织（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＡＲ含量与血清甲胎球蛋白（ＡＦＰ）、Ｂ型肝炎携带情况及ＨＣＣ组织学类型无相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＡＲ含量的增加可能与肝细胞的癌变有关,ＡＲ可能促进ＨＣＣ的产生和发展,部分ＨＣＣ具有雄激素依赖性,为ＨＣＣ可能的抗雄激素治疗提供了依据。     

Relationship between serum prolactin levels and histology of benign and malignant breast lesions: a detailed study of 153 consecutive cases

This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between serum prolactin levels and the morphology of operable female breast lesions. One hundred fifty-three consecutive patients with operable benign and malignant breast lesions in whom preoperative serum prolactin levels had been determined were stratified into five groups according to their serum prolactin levels. The histologic findings in these groups were analyzed and compared. Most patients (93%) had serum prolactin levels within the normal limits. Of the 54 patients with benign lesions, only 4(7%) had slightly elevated serum prolactin levels. Two of these patients had fibroadenomas, one had a phyllodes tumor and one had fibrocystic change. Of the 99 patients with carcinoma, 7 (7%) had hyperprolactinemia. Five of the seven tumors were invasive and two were in situ. All seven tumors were of low or intermediate grade of malignancy. The two cases with the highest prolactin levels (3057 and 1822 mU/L) were both intermediate-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). It is concluded that the great majority of patients presenting with operable breast lesions have normal serum prolactin levels, and that elevated levels, when present, occur with equal frequency in patients with benign and malignant breast lesions. Hyperprolactinemic patients presenting with carcinoma in this study, none of whom had a history of recent pregnancy or lactation, tended to have histologically low- or intermediate-grade tumors, but this needs to be confirmed by investigating more cases.     

Quantitative relationships between cytosol and nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors in the R3327 prostatic carcinoma of rats treated with diethylstilbestrol

Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PgR) were quantitated by Scatchard analysis in cytosolic and nuclear extracts of R3327H prostatic carcinomas from rats injected with 100 micrograms diethylstilbestrol or with vehicle for 1-3 weeks. Total tissue ER concentrations were less than 80 fm/mg DNA in control tumors and were not significantly higher in treated tumors: however, in the latter, a significantly higher proportion (73 +/- 16%) was associated with the nuclear fraction than in the control tumors (less than 33%). Mean PgR concentrations were more than seven-fold higher in treated than in control tumors, and approximately 25% of the total was associated with the nuclear fraction in both treated and control tumors, under the assay conditions used. There was a strong linear correlation between nuclear ER and PgR concentrations. These data indicate that although ER concentration in these tumors was low compared with that in female target organs, it was functional in its ability to associate with the nuclear fraction and induce synthesis of an estrogen-induced protein (PgR) in proportionate amounts.     

Progestin and oestrogen receptors in meningiomas. Biochemical characterization,clinical and pathological correlations in 42 cases

Summary Progestin receptors (PR) were evaluated in 40 intracranial and 2 spinal meningiomas. PR measured with radiolabelled R 5020 were found in 93% of cases (³⁹/₄₂). PR levels were significantly higher (p=0.05) in females (mean: 5,720 fmol/gmT) than in males (mean: 3,120 fmol/gmT). Biochemical characterization of the R 5020 saturable binding sites showed that they were mainly cytosolic, had a high affinity constant (Kd 1 nM) and were progestin specific. Correlation with sex suggested some biological activity of PR in meningiomas.Oestrogen receptors (OR) were evaluated in 36 intracranial and 2 spinal meningiomas. OR measured with radiolabelled R 2858 were present in 79% of cases (³⁰/₃₈). OR mean levels were equal in females (mean: 285 fmol/gmT) and in males (mean: 330 fmol/gmT). The relevance of PR and possibly OR in the biology of meningiomas and of leptomeninges was suggested by the presence of receptors in a sample of normal leptomeninges.     

The pharmacological action of bromocriptine on the human prostate

Summary In-vitro isometric studies of the effects of bromocriptine on the human prostatic capsule and prostatic adenoma reveal transient direct stimulant actions, alpha-adrenergic blocking effects and anticholinergic effects. The mechanism of the latter effect is discussed. It is suggested that these direct pharmacological actions may at least partly explain the clinical improvement reported in some cases of benign prostatic obstruction and detrusor instability treated with bromocriptine.Established investigator of the Chief Scientist's Bureau, Ministry of Health, Israel