脆性组氨酸三联体基因在大肠癌中的表达及同预后的关系

目的:探讨大肠癌中脆性组氨酸三联体(FHIT)基因的表达状况及其与临床病理指标的可能关系。方法:利用免疫组织化学SP法检测56例大肠癌和33例正常大肠粘膜组织中FHIT基因的蛋白表达。结果:在大肠癌组织中,FHIT蛋白表达的阳性率为48.2%(27/56);与正常大肠粘膜组织93.9%(31/33)相比,FHIT蛋白阳性表达的差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。FHIT蛋白表达的阳性率在癌组织学分期的分布为Ⅰ级癌72.0%(18/25),Ⅱ级癌38.9%(7/18),Ⅲ级癌15.4%(2/13),各级癌组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。FHIT蛋白表达的阳性率在Dukes分期中的分布为A期癌71.4%(15/21),B期癌47.8%(11/23),C期癌8.3%(1/12),各期癌组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。已伴淋巴结转移组的C期癌与未转移组的A、B期癌比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。FHIT蛋白表达阳性癌在42例5年随访病例组中的分布为5年死亡组13.3%(2/15),5年生存组48.2%(13/27),组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:大肠癌中FHIT基因的蛋白表达状况可能与组织学分期,Dukes分期以及5年生存率密切相关,提示FHIT基因在大肠癌的演化和进展过程中具有重要作用,并可能成为一个新的预后指标。     

胰腺癌组织中乙酰肝素酶蛋白的表达

目的:研究胰腺癌组织中乙酰肝素酶(heparanase,HPA)蛋白的表达及其临床意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测27例胰腺癌组织(Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期8例,Ⅲ期11例,Ⅳ期4例;有淋巴结转移者18例,无淋巴结转移9例)、11例癌旁组织中HPA蛋白的表达情况,并对其表达与临床病理特征进行分析.结果:胰腺癌组织中HPA蛋白阳性表达率为70.1%(19/27),高于癌旁组织(9.1%,1/11)(P＜0.05).淋巴结转移组HPA蛋白阳性表达率(83.3%,15/18)高于无淋巴转移组(55.6%,5/9)(P＜0.05).Ⅰ Ⅱ期组HPA蛋白阳性表达率(66.7%,8/12)低于Ⅲ Ⅳ组(80.0%,12/15)(P＜0.05).结论:HPA的异常表达与胰腺癌的发生、发展密切相关,可能是影响胰腺癌预后的重要分子指标.     

非小细胞肺癌组织中PTEN、P53蛋白的表达

目的：探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中PTEN、P53蛋白的表达及意义.方法：采用免疫组化方法检测75例NSCLC组织（鳞癌50例,腺癌25例;高分化18例,中分化34例,低分化23例;按临床TNM分期：Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期50例,Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期25例;有淋巴结转移45例,无淋巴结转移30例）和20例正常肺组织中PTEN、P53蛋白表达情况,分析二者在组织学分型、分化程度、临床分期和淋巴结转移方面表达差异以及相关性.结果：①肺癌标本中PTEN、P53的阳性表达率分别是48%（36/75）、53.3%（40/75）,正常肺组织标本中阳性表达率分别是95%（19/20）、0%（0/20）.②二者在肺癌组织的阳性表达均未呈现组织学分型（鳞癌、腺癌）差异（P＞0.05）;PTEN在高、中分化组肺癌组织中的表达高于低分化组（P＜0.05）,P53在不同分化组间的表达差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;PTEN在Ⅰ～Ⅱ、无淋巴结转移标本中的表达分别高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ组和淋巴结转移组,P53在Ⅰ～Ⅱ、无淋巴结转移标本的表达分别低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ组和淋巴结转移组;③PTEN、P53在肺癌组织中的表达呈负相关（rs=-0.343,P＜0.05）.结论：PTEN、P53可以作为肺癌预后的评价指标,二者在肺癌组织中表达可能相互拮抗.     

鼻咽癌组织中脆性组氨酸三联体基因的表达及意义

目的探讨鼻咽癌组织中脆性组氨酸三联体（fragile histidine triad，FHIT）基因的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SP（Streptavidin peroxidase）法，检测FHIT在37例鼻咽癌组织及12例癌旁组织中的表达。结果鼻咽癌组FHIT蛋白阳性表达率43．2％（16／37）显著低于癌旁组100％（12／12）（均P〈0．01）；高中分化组与低分化组之间FHIT蛋白阳性表达率（50．0％ vs 36．4％）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；淋巴结转移组FHIT蛋白阳性率为38．5％（10／26），无淋巴结转移组为54．5％（6／11），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；根据临床病理分期，Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期组与Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期组之间FHIT蛋白阳性表达率（58．3％vs 36．0％）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。另外。FHIT蛋白阳性表达与患者年龄、性别、病理类型无关（P〉0．05）。结论FHIT基因在鼻咽癌的发生、发展中起重要作用。对其蛋白的检测可能是判定鼻咽癌发生及转移能力的一项客观指标。     

胃癌组织中p53蛋白表达及其与病理特征的关系探讨

目的:探讨p53蛋白在胃癌组织中的表达以及与病理特征的关系。方法:选取胃癌患者80例,检测患者胃癌组织与癌旁正常组织中p53蛋白表达情况,并探讨p53蛋白表达与病理特征的关系。结果:胃癌组织中p53蛋白表达的阳性率高于癌旁正常组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),p53蛋白在胃癌组织不同TNM分期、组织学类型中的阳性表达率差异显著(P<0.05),TNMⅠ～Ⅱ期表达率低于Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ⅲ期表达率低于Ⅳ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),高分化表达率低于中、低分化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),中分化表达率低于低分化,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);淋巴结未转移胃癌组织中的p53蛋白阳性表达率低于淋巴结转移组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄≥60岁和<60岁,男性和女性中的p-JAK2蛋白的阳性表达率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:p53蛋白参与胃癌的发生发展,且p53的高表达与胃癌的恶性生物学行为有关。     

胃癌Survivin、COX-2蛋白的表达及其相关性分析

[目的]探讨胃癌中Survivin蛋白表达与胃癌生物学行为及凋亡相关蛋白COX-2和凋亡指数(AI)的相关性.[方法]应用免疫组化SP法检测51例胃癌组织、47例非癌胃黏膜组织中Survivin和COX-2的表达,应用TUNEL法检测AI.[结果]Survivin蛋白在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为70.58%较非癌胃黏膜组的36.17%明显增高(P＜0.05),COX-2在胃癌组织中的阳性表达率为68.63%较非癌胃黏膜组的30.04%明显增高(P＜0.05).Survivin蛋白在有淋巴结转移组阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移组(94.59%vs 28.57%,P＜0.05),侵及浆膜组阳性表达率明显高于未及浆膜组(78.04%vs 40.00%,P＜0.05),且在Ⅲ-Ⅳ期胃癌病人Survivin阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期(88.57%vs 31.25%,P＜0.05),COX-2蛋白在淋巴结转移组阳性表达率明显高于无淋巴结转移组(78.38%vs28.57%,P＜0.05),且Ⅲ-Ⅳ期病人阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ期(77.14%vs 37.50%,P＜0.05).Survivin阳性表达与COX-2阳性表达呈正相关(rs=0.32,P＜0.05).Survivin阳性组的平均AI明显低于阴性组(P＜0.05),而COX-2阳性组的平均AI明显高于阴性组(P＜0.05).[结论]Survivin和COX-2蛋白与胃癌的发生及其恶性演变有关,检测Survivin和COX-2蛋白有利于判断胃癌的恶性程度和预后.     

C-erbB-2基因蛋白在贲门癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的 :探讨C_erbB_2基因蛋白在贲门癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法 :应用免疫组化二步法检测 10 4例贲门癌组织中C_erbB_2基因蛋白表达情况 ,结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果 :贲门癌组织中C_erbB_2基因蛋白的表达主要定位于细胞浆及细胞膜 ,癌组织的阳性率为 5 5 8% (弱阳性 2 0 2 % ,强阳性 3 5 6% )。C_erbB_2基因蛋白过表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移及临床PTNM分期密切相关。淋巴结转移组C_erbB_2蛋白表达强阳性率高于淋巴结无转移组 (P =0 0 1)。中低分化组及Ⅲ Ⅳ期组C_erbB_2蛋白的表达强阳性率分别低于高分化组及Ⅰ Ⅱ期组。结论 :C_erbB_2基因蛋白的表达水平可作为贲门癌淋巴结转移的一个生物学标志 ,并且与肿瘤组织的分化程度和术后临床分期密切相关     

分化型甲状腺癌组织中脆性组氨酸三联体基因启动子甲基化及与其蛋白表达的相关性

目的:探讨分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)组织中脆性组氨酸三联体(FHIT)基因启动子甲基化状态及其与蛋白表达的关系.方法:采用PCR-based酶切甲基化及免疫组织化学SP技术,检测65例DTC及其相对应的甲状腺切缘非癌组织中FHIT基因启动子甲基化状态及其蛋白表达.结果:在非癌组织中,无一例出现FHIT基因启动子甲基化,而在DTC组织中有24.6%(16/65)出现甲基化,且甲基化状态与DTC的TNM分期、病理分级及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);非癌组织和DTC组织中FHIT蛋白阳性表达率分别为100%(65/65)和41.5%(27/65)(P<0.05).病理分级为Ⅰ和Ⅱ级的DTC组织中FHIT蛋白阳性表达率分别为53.5%和18.2%,淋巴结转移阳性和阴性组分别为15.4%和59.0%,以上2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);FHIT基因启动子甲基化与蛋白表达有关(P<0.05).结论:FHIT基因启动子甲基化是其基因失活的重要机制之一,其在DTC的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

非小细胞肺癌FHIT和Caspase-3蛋白的表达及临床意义

[目的]研究脆性组氨酸三联体(FHIT)和Caspase-3蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其与淋巴结转移和预后的关系.[方法]用免疫组化方法检测77例非小细胞肺癌组织中FHIT和Caspase-3蛋白的表达,分析其与肿瘤微血管密度(MVD)、肿瘤的大小、癌的组织学类型、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床复发,以及手术后生存期长短的关系.[结果]非小细胞肺癌组织中FHIT和Caspase-3蛋白阳性率分别为42%和10%.FHIT蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌组织分化程度呈负相关(P=0.035);阴性表达组淋巴结癌转移发生率明显较阳性组高(P=0.004),患者术后生存期则明显较阳性组短.Caspase-3蛋白阳性表达组非小细胞肺癌组织的微血管密度明显较阴性组大(P=0.012).[结论]FHIT蛋白的表达与非小细胞肺癌患者的组织分化程度、淋巴结转移和预后密切相关,它的低表达提示非小细胞肺癌患者预后不良.Caspase-3蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中所起的作用可能不大.     

E-钙黏蛋白和金属蛋白激酶-9在肝癌组织中的表达及相关性研究

目的研究E-钙黏蛋白(E-cad)和基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达及临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学法检测原发肝细胞癌96例、正常肝组织24例的E-cad和MMP-9蛋白的表达,并分析其与临床病理参数的相关性。结果 E-cad在HCC组织、正常肝组织阳性率分别为78.1%(75/96)、25.0%(6/24)(P<0.05)。HCC组织高、中、低分化组阳性率分别为43.3%、27.3%、81.8%,低分化组阳性率高于中、高分化组(P<0.05),Ⅰ～Ⅱ期阳性率49.5%低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期阳性率87.7%(P<0.05);有淋巴结转移组阳性率90.5%高于无淋巴结转移组64.9%(P<0.05);E-cad阳性组1、3、5年生存率高于E-cad阴性组(P<0.05)。MMP-9在HCC、正常肝组织阳性率分别为59.4%(57/96)和8.3%(2/24)(P<0.05)。HCC高、中、低分化组阳性率分别为30.0%、63.6%、74.5%,低分化组阳性率高于中、高分化组(P<0.05);Ⅰ～Ⅱ期阳性率47.8%低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期阳性率63.0%(P<0.05);有淋巴结转移组阳性率95.3%高于无淋巴结转移组为29.8%(P<0.05)。MMP-9阳性组1、3、5年生存率低于MMP-9阴性组(P<0.05)。结论 E-cad和MMP-9蛋白在肝癌组织中高表达且与恶性分型呈正相关。二者过表达预示HCC预后不良。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.