帕米磷酸二钠联合放疗与单纯放疗治疗骨转移瘤疼痛的比较研究

目的 :观察帕米磷酸二钠联合放射治疗与单纯放射治疗骨转移瘤疼痛的疗效及不良反应。方法 :5 6例骨转移瘤患者随机分A、B组各 2 8例。A组给予静滴帕米磷酸二钠 90mg ,然后局部放疗 40 5 0Gy/ 3～ 4周 ;B组则单纯行放疗。结果 :两组止痛效果比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ,A组显效 17例 ,有效 9例 ,无效 2例 ;B组则相应为 8、12、8例。平均起效时间和平均缓解时间A组分别为 6 2± 1 6天和 42± 8 6天 ,B组则为 11 5± 2 2天和 2 9±6 3天。二组比较 ,在平均起效时间和平均缓解时间二个方面 ,均有显著性差异 (P1<0 0 1,P2 <0 0 5 )。两组均无严重不良反应。结论 :我们的研究结果提示 ,帕米磷酸二钠联合放射治疗骨转移瘤疼痛疗效似较确切 ,副作用轻。最后结论有待大宗病例研究的结果而定     

局部放疗联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌的临床观察

目的：观察局部放疗联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的疗效及不良反应。方法：100例骨转移癌患者随机分为3组，A组：直线加速器单纯放疗；B组：单独使用帕米磷酸二钠；C组：直线加速器放疗＋帕米磷酸二钠。结果：C组止痛效果明显优于A、B组（P〈0．05）；A组疗效高于B组但无统计学意义。C组病人一般状态改善情况优于A、B组（P〈0．05）。帕米磷酸二钠治疗癌症所致的高钙血症效果显著，下降率为78．6％。结论：局部放疗联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛疗效显著，可提高患者生活质量，明显优于单纯放疗或单独使用帕米磷酸二钠，副作用能被患者接受而顺利完成治疗，值得临床应用和推广。     

帕米膦酸二钠联合放疗治疗骨转移癌的疗效观察

目的：观察帕米膦酸二钠（博宁）联合放射治疗骨转移癌所致骨痛和高血钙的疗效。方法：对照组30例骨转移癌患者行单纯常规放疗，DT30GY／3GY／10f；治疗组34例骨转移癌患者行放射治疗前给予帕米膦酸二钠90mg加入生理盐水中缓慢静脉滴注4—6h（可分为2天用药），接着行放射治疗，照射方法同对照组，每4周为1个周期，至少连用6个周期。以放疗结束时及结束后6个月的疼痛缓解率及血钙下降率作为评价标准。结果：治疗组疼痛缓解率和血钙下降率与对照组比较无明显差异；结束6个月后治疗组疼痛缓解率和血钙下降率均高于对照组（P〈0．05）结论：帕米膦酸二钠（博宁）联合放疗可显著缓解骨转移引起的疼痛，降低高血钙，临床应用方便，患者耐受性好。     

帕米膦酸二钠联合放疗治疗骨转移癌的疗效观察

目的：观察帕米膦酸二钠（博宁）联合放射治疗对骨转移癌所致高血钙和骨痛的治疗作用。方法：在对65例骨转移患者放射治疗前将帕米膦酸二钠90mg加入5％葡萄糖溶液500ml中,静脉滴注6h,每月1次,共6次,对照组65例行单纯放疗。剂量为DT30Gy,每周5次,共2周。以放疗结束时及结束后6个月的疼痛缓解率、血钙下降率作为评价指标。结果：放疗结束时,治疗组疼痛缓解率和血钙下降率与对照组无明显差异;结束6个月后,治疗组疼痛率和血钙下降率均高于对照组（P＜0．05）。不良反应轻。结论：应用帕米膦酸二钠90mg,每月1次,共6次,配合放疗,可显著缓解骨转移引起的疼痛,降低高血钙,临床应用方便,患者耐受性好。     

放疗与帕米磷酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛疗效比较

比较放疗与帕米磷酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的疗效 ,结果二者疗效均较好 ,差异无显著性。研究提示 ,放疗与帕米磷酸二钠均可用于治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛。     

放疗与帕米磷酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛疗效比较

比较放疗与帕米磷酸二钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移疼痛的疗效，结果二者疗效均较好，差异无显著性。研究提示，放疗与帕米磷酸二钠均可用于治疗恶性肿瘤转移疼痛。     

帕米磷酸二钠联合甲地孕酮改善晚期乳腺癌骨转移患者生活质量的观察

目的观察晚期乳腺癌骨转移患者给予帕米磷酸二钠和甲地孕酮治疗后生活质量的改善情况。方法将所有晚期乳腺癌骨转移患者病例分成两组:A组16例,常规镇痛治疗及一般支持治疗;B组14例,常规镇痛治疗后给予帕米磷酸二钠及甲地孕酮口服。结果B组疼痛分级较A组下降,体重平均增加4.6千克,生活质量评分平均提高25分。结论常规镇痛治疗后给予帕米磷酸二钠及甲地孕酮治疗,患者疼痛明显减轻,体重增加,生活质量评分提高,其生活质量明显改善。     

放疗和帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疼痛的疗效观察

 引言恶性肿瘤晚期常发生骨转移,因疼痛而严重影响其生存质量。因此,我院采用局部放疗加帕米磷酸二钠(商品名:博宁)治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移患者,取得良好的止痛效果,现报告如下:1　材料与方法1.1　临床资料　所有病人原发性恶性肿瘤均经病理组织和/或细胞学检查确诊,临床表现有骨痛(可评价疼痛分级) ,经ECT和/或X线CT、MRI检查证实有一处或多处转移(溶骨性病变)未用或停用全身化疗或放疗一个月以上。血常规、肝、肾功能正常,估计生存期>3个月。年龄35～74岁,中位年龄为5 7岁,男32例,女34例。随机分两组观察,一组为单用帕米磷酸二钠,二组为局部放疗加帕米磷酸二钠,其一般资料见表1。1.2　方法1.2 .1　一组(帕米磷酸二钠组)　帕米磷酸二钠6 0～90mg用2 0～30ml注射用水溶解后加入5 %葡萄糖或0 .9%生理盐水5 0 0ml静滴,滴数少于15mg/h(2～4h)。初次用90mg ,4周以后6 0mg ,每4周重复一次,共两次。1.2 .2　二组(局部放疗加帕米磷酸二钠组)　帕米磷酸二钠用法同一组。在用帕米磷酸二钠的同时行局部放疗,既在骨转移剧烈疼痛部位姑息放疗,用60 Coγ线或直线加速器照射,...     

密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌疗效观察

目的观察密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠治疗骨转移癌引起疼痛的治疗效果。方法对58例确诊为骨转移癌的患者随机分为密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组和帕米磷酸二钠组,密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组予密盖息100IU肌注,1次／d,连续14d。静滴帕米磷酸二钠90mg,每月1次;帕米磷酸二钠组予静滴帕米磷酸二钠90mg,每月1次。两组均每4周重复,共2次。比较两组患者的止痛效果、生活质量以及血钙和碱性磷酸酶水平。结果密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组止痛效果及生活质量均优于帕米磷酸二钠组。两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）,两组均无严重不良反应。结论密盖息联合帕米磷酸二钠组在骨转移癌止痛、改善生活质量以及生化指标方面明显优于帕米磷酸二钠组,且无严重不良反应。     

帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移

目的观察帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗对恶性肿瘤骨转移的疗效,并对其联合机制进行了探讨.方法对54例恶性肿瘤骨转移患者在放疗中应用帕米膦酸二钠治疗,并设对照组(单用放疗).结果在54例患者中,止痛有效率98%,疼痛缓解时间缩短,对骨转移控制效果高于对照组.毒副反应轻微.结论帕米膦酸二钠合并放疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移有良好的效果.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Second-line chemotherapy with cisplatin-ifosfamide in patients with ovarian cancer previously treated with carboplatin-cyclophosphamide.

In an effort to use antineoplastic drug combinations which are active in platinum resistant ovarian cancer or which can induce a second response after a platinum first-line treatment, we conducted a study on 30 ovarian cancer patients previously treated with carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide who were given ifosfamide 5 g/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 plus mesma combined with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 i.v. divided over days 1 to 3 every 4 weeks as second-line treatment. Eight patients had never entered remission with first-line chemotherapy while 22 patients had tumor recurrence within 6 to 18 months after the end of chemotherapy and their tumors were considered potentially platinum sensitive. Responding patients received 6 courses while palliative treatment for nonresponders was provided. Of the 22 patients with tumor recurrence, 8 patients responded with one partial response (PR) and 7 complete clinical responses (CCR). Two out of the 8 patients with platinum resistant disease demonstrated short lasting PR. Seven patients with CCR underwent second-look operation and in two a pathological CR was documented. Median time to progression was 6 mo (4-12). The median overall survival was 12 mo (4-20). Myelotoxicity despite G-CSF administration was significant with grade 4 leukopenia in 40% and grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 20% of patients. Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity was significant with 30% somnolence, 20% disorientation and an episode of grand-mal epilepsy ascribed to ifosfamide. With a 33% response rate the combination is as effective as new agents employed in relapsed ovarian cancer. Platinum-refractory disease may respond to a lesser degree. The most important determinant of response was the progression-free interval from first-line chemotherapy. Whether patients recurring after carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide have a greater chance to respond to cisplatin plus ifosfamide or vice-versa cannot be supported by the current data and therefore randomized studies should be performed to this end.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.