易化PCI加替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死的临床疗效

目的观察国产替罗非班在易化PCI治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)中的临床疗效。方法79例AMI患者按照治疗方法分为应用溶栓剂的易化PCI组(A组,32例)和国产替罗非班+溶栓剂的易化PCI治疗组(B组,47例),对比两组临床疗效和副作用。结果两组基础临床状况及梗死相关血管开通率无显著性差异(P>0.05),A组死亡1例,B组无死亡,B组出血并发症高于A组,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后TIMI3级获得率未见显著性差异(P>0.05),但TIMI计帧数显示B组快于A组(P<0.01)。B组肌酸激酶峰值浓度低于A组(P<0.05),而90min心电图ST段下降幅度大于A组(P<0.05)。B组1周内左心室射血分数值有高于A组的趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论应用国产替罗非班的易化PCI治疗AMI安全、有效,可以改善PCI术后的冠脉血流,值得进一步研究。     

延迟PCI与直接PCI治疗急性心肌梗死的比较

目的　探讨经皮延迟冠脉介入 (PCI)与直接PCI在治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)疗效的差异。方法　 14 5例连续行PCI的AMI患者分为直接PCI组 (75例 )和延迟PCI组 (70例 ) ,分析两组患者一般临床特征及心血管事件的发生率。结果　住院期间两组患者各项心脏事件均无显著差异。平均随访 (12 1± 4 5 )个月时 ,直接PCI组患者在不稳定性心绞痛 (9 3%vs 32 9% ,P <0 0 1)、非致死性心衰 (4 0 %vs14 3% ,P <0 0 5 )、死亡 (0vs 7 1% ,P <0 0 5 )及复合终点事件 (12 %vs 4 0 % ,P <0 0 1)方面较延迟PCI组明显降低。但两组间在非致死性再次心肌梗死、缺血性靶血管重建及总的心脏性死亡率无显著差异。近期内LVEF值延迟PCI组较直接PCI组显著降低 (0 5 8± 0 14vs 0 6 3± 0 10 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　与直接PCI相比 ,延迟PCI治疗AMI近期内同样安全有效 ,1年死亡率无显著降低 ,但不稳定性心绞痛、非致死性心衰、死亡及复合终点事件发生率增加。     

应用小剂量溶栓剂联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者应用小剂量溶栓剂重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)联合经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效和安全性。方法2005年4月至2006年4月,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院116例首次AMI患者随机分为接受小剂量溶栓联合PCI治疗(小剂量易化PCI)组和直接PCI治疗组,69例患者接受静脉rt-PA50mg溶栓加PCI治疗,47例患者行直接PCI治疗。比较两组患者PCI前后梗死相关血管(IRA)开通率、出院前左室射血分数(LVEF)、住院期间出血事件、主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率。结果两组患者自入院至PCI时间比较差异无统计学意义;首次冠状动脉造影显示小剂量溶栓易化PCI治疗组PCI术前IRA开通率和血管床灌注评分(TIMI)3级血流率明显高于直接PCI组(44.7%对21.7%,P<0.05;34.0%对10.1%,P<0.05);小剂量易化PCI组术后TIMI3级血流率和出院前LVEF明显高于直接PCI治疗组[95.9%对85.9%,P<0.05;(65.2±7.6)%对(50.4±14.3)%,P<0.05];两组患者MACE发生率和住院期间主要出血事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论小剂量易化PCI治疗AMI安全有效,早期再通率高,有利于保护心室功能,且不增加MACE和出血并发症。     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗后院内死亡原因分析

目的:总结分析13例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后院内死亡的临床特点及死亡原因。方法:回顾性分析2003年我院PCI的患者资料,有177例AMI行PCI,13例院内死亡,分析其临床特点及死亡原因。结果:PCI术后13例死亡患者平均年龄(70·6±6·26)岁,病死率为7·3%。术中3例出现慢血流,1例出现无复流。死亡原因3例非心源性,1例为心室颤动,9例为泵衰竭。结论:AMI患者PCI术后院内死亡主要原因为泵衰竭。     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗应用抽吸导管的临床疗效观察

目的观察血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中行直接PCI的疗效。方法选择我院因AMI住院行直接PCI,并于术中应用了血栓抽吸导管的患者共202例(抽吸组),另选择因AMI住院并行PCI的患者249例(对照组),比较两组即刻及近期临床疗效。结果抽吸组在发病距血管再通时间[(5.3±2.8)h vs (6.0±3.1)h,P=0.012]、直接支架置入率(44.1% vs 30.5%,P=0.003)和术后达TIMI 3级血流(90.1% vs 81.1%,P=0.008)的情况明显好于对照组,而无复流/慢血流发生率则明显减少(3.5% vs 8.4%,P=0.032)。术后抽吸组在肌钙蛋白I峰值[(44.7±31.2)μg/L vs (52.5±34.8)μg/L,P=0.012]及肌酸激酶同工酶峰值[(152.0±73.6)u/L vs (166.0±70.5)U/L,P=0.041]、即刻心电图的ST段回落率(67.8% vs 57.0%,P=0.002)、住院期间心力衰竭发生率(11.4% vs 22.9%,P=0.002)、再次心肌梗死发生率(1.0% vs 4.4%,P=0.044)、病死率(3.5% vs8.8%,P=0.032)等方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论 AMI患者行直接PCI过程中应用血栓抽吸导管可明显减少无复流/慢血流等并发症的发生,从而降低病死率,改善近期预后。     

介入治疗联合应用腺苷对不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉血流和临床预后的影响

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)联合静脉应用腺苷对不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者冠状动脉血流和近期临床预后的影响。方法 2009年3～12月,60例准备行PCI的UA患者按随机数字表法分配到腺苷组(PCI术前10 min应用腺苷,30例)和对照组(PCI术前10 min应用生理盐水,30例)。观察两组在常规使用阿司匹林和氯吡格雷的基础上,PCI术前和术后即刻靶血管TIMI血流分级和校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)。随访PCI术后3个月内两组患者主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的发生率。记录使用腺苷治疗期间不良反应的发生情况。结果两组PCI术前即刻靶血管TIMI血流2～3级发生率和CTFC差异无统计学意义(76.2%比72.5%,41.60±13.76比42.13±14.30,均为P>0.05)。两组PCI术后即刻靶血管TIMI血流3级发生率差异无统计学意义(97.6%比92.9%,P>0.05);腺苷组靶血管CTFC则显著优于对照组(23.03±8.38比28.50±10.24,P<0.05)。结论在阿司匹林、氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗的基础上,PCI联合静脉应用腺苷能改善UA患者术后靶血管冠状动脉血流。     

经桡动脉急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的安全性与可行性

目的观察给急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者经桡动脉行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的安全性与可行性。方法选择2004年6月至2005年12月我院收治的289例临床诊断为AMI患者,发病均在12 h内。其中男性患者201例,女性患者88例,平均年龄(55.8±10.9)岁,分为经桡动脉介入(transradial coronary intervention,TRI)组142例与经股动脉介入(transfemoral coronary intervention,TFI)组147例。观察两组穿刺成功率、手术成功率、介入治疗时间、术后与穿刺相关并发症情况。结果TRI组142例患者,包括单支病变的患者82例,多支病变的患者60例,其中完全闭塞病变患者47例。TFI组147例患者,包括单支病变的患者85例,多支病变的患者62例,其中完全闭塞病变患者50例。两组病例基本特征比较差异无统计学意义。TRI组与TFI组手术穿刺成功率比较差异无统计学意义(98.6%比99.3%,P>0.05)。罪犯血管TIMI3级开通率,TRI组与TFI组比较差异无统计学意义(95.1%比93.9%,P>0.05)。从麻醉到第一次球囊扩张时间,TRI组为(29.1±6.2)min,TFI组为(27.5±7.0)min,P>0.05,从麻醉到指引导管撤出时间,TRI组为(47.3±16.0)min,TFI组为(43.0±17.1)min,P>0.05,两组比较差异无统计学意义。术后与穿刺相关的并发症,TRI组出现严重桡动脉痉挛3例,局部血肿2例。TFI组出现局部血肿7例,迷走反射12例,假性动脉瘤2例,排尿困难10例,腰痛5例。结论经桡动脉与经股动脉PCI治疗AMI同样具有较高的成功率,而术后与穿刺血管及其他因素相关的并发症的发生率,经桡动脉组却明显少于经股动脉组。因此桡动脉可作为给AMI患者行急诊PCI的常规途径之一。     

易化PCI并不优于直接PCI

美国学者Keeley等的一项研究显示,对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者易化经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)并不优于直接PCI。该研究荟萃选取17项在STEMI患者中比较易化PCI和直接PCI的随机临床试验,共计4504例患者随机分为易化PCI组(n=2237)和直接PCI组(n=2267)。易化PCI组又分为单用血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)抑制剂组、溶栓药组及GPⅡb/Ⅲa抑制剂和减量溶栓药合用组3个亚组。短期临床(42d)终点定义为死亡、卒中、非致死性心肌梗死、急诊靶血管血运重建和大出血。TIMI3级血流作为影像学终点。结果发现,易化PCI组初始TIMI3…     

早期应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI疗效的初步观察

目的 探讨不同时间应用替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接PCI的疗效.方法 急诊入院的60例AMI患者随机分为早期组(30例)或晚期组(30例),早期组于急诊入院时或晚期组于导管室时推注负荷量10μg/kg的替罗非班,继之0.15μg·kg-1·min-1静脉滴注维持24～36 h.比较两组间PCI前、后的TIMI血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)、心功能、血小板聚集率及出血情况.记录住院期间及随访3个月的主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率.结果 术前早期组TIMI前向血流达到3级的比例明显高于晚期组(36.7%和13.3%,P=0.037);而术后早期组TIMI前向血流达到3级的比例与晚期组相比差异无统计学意义(82.37%和76.7%,P=0.519.术前和术后的早期组TMP 2～3级比例均高于晚期组(分别为33.3%和10.0%,P=0.028;83.3%和56.7%,P=0.024.术后两组LVEF均较术前提高[早期组(52±8)%和(42±6)%,P=0.005;晚期组(49±9)%和(43±8)%,P=0.02].术后两组血小板聚集率均较术前明显下降[早期组(44.7±14.5)%和(53.9±17.7)%,P=0.033;晚期组(46.0±18.4)%和(55.4±12.0)%,P=0.023],出血并发症及MACE发生率无显著性差异.结论 急诊入院时尽早应用替罗非班对AMI患者直接PCI治疗是安全有效的,且能够更明显改善靶血管前向血流TIMI分级及心肌灌注TMPG分级.     

经皮冠状动脉置入国产西罗莫司药物涂层支架与瑞替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死的对比研究

目的比较急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)置入国产药物涂层支架与瑞替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的近期疗效。方法选择2008年10月至2010年3月收治的AMI患者63例,其中31例行急诊PCI置入国产药物涂层支架(直接PCI组),32例行瑞替普酶静脉溶栓治疗(瑞替普酶溶栓组),比较两组患者住院期间的血管再通率、心血管事件、不良反应、病死率和心功能情况。结果直接PCI组再灌注成功率高于瑞替普酶溶栓组(96.8%比81.3%,P<0.05),主要心血管事件(再梗死、心绞痛、心力衰竭)、死亡及出血明显少于瑞替普酶溶栓组,住院时间明显短于瑞替普酶溶栓组[(14.2±7.6)d比(21.4±9.6)d,P<0.05]。AMI后2周,超声心动图检查结果显示,直接PCI组左心室舒张末内径(LVDd)明显低于瑞替普酶溶栓组[(52.8±5.6)mm比(56.9±6.4)mm,P<0.001],左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显高于瑞替普酶溶栓组[(59.6%±8.2%)比(51.2%±6.2%),P<0.001]。结论急诊PCI置入国产药物涂层支架治疗AMI,安全有效,能及时有效地开通梗死相关动脉,挽救濒死的心肌,改善心功能,减少再梗死、降低病死率,是AMI的首选治疗方法。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.