BSSRO术后不同固定方式对颞下颌关节影响的研究进展

双侧下颌支矢状骨劈开术(BSSRO)是正颌手术的一种常用术式,灵活性强,能很好地实现下颌位置的前伸和后退,在治疗下颌各类畸形中应用广泛。BSSRO术后的固定已由非坚固内固定向坚固内固定发展,近年来产生了多种不同的固定方式。随着影像技术和数字化技术的发展,大量研究聚焦于不同固定方式对颞下颌关节的影响。本文对BSSRO术后固定方式的进展和不同固定方式对颞下颌关节的影响进行综述。     

Monocortical non-compression miniplate osteosynthesis of mandibular angle fractures

The technique of monocortical non-compression miniplate fixation of mandibular angle fractures is reviewed. A study of our first 50 patients treated using this technique reveals that consistent reduction and stabilization of these mandibular fractures can be achieved without the requirement for intermaxillary fixation. Such results were produced with minimal postoperative morbidity.     

Noncompression unicortical miniplate osteosynthesis of mandibular fractures.

The use of transoral noncompression unicortical miniplates in treating 42 consecutive patients with 64 displaced mandibular fractures (excluding subcondylar) was reviewed. Titanium miniplates (Wurzburg) were used for fixation. The principles set forth by Champy and colleagues, with two plates for body and symphyseal fracture fixation and one plate superiorly along the oblique ridge for angle fractures, were performed. Intermaxillary fixation was not used postoperatively. Results compared favorably with other forms of treatment with no evidence of postoperative malocclusion, with an overall complication rate of 3%. The advantage of no external incision, avoidance of intermaxillary fixation, and normal postoperative incisal opening and occlusion make this technique our treatment of choice.     

Mandibular fractures in an urban trauma center

The hospital records of 307 patients sustaining mandibular fractures between 1980 and 1984 were reviewed. The patient population consisted of 79% males, with precipitating events usually being fist fights (47%) and assaults with a blunt object (18%). The most common fracture involved the body (30%), followed by the angle (21%) and the condyles (19%). Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) was the preferred method of treatment (42%); however, a large number of patients were treated by internal fixation (31%) or external stabilization (11%). Despite the large number with internal fixation procedures, the complication rate was relatively low (18%). This review suggests changing trends in mandibular fractures. Motor vehicle accidents no longer comprise the most common etiology, so that condylar fractures are no longer the most common, and fractures of the body and angle are more common. Although most patients still are initially treated by intermaxillary fixation, the number of open reductions appears to be increasing. Despite this trend, the complication rate has remained relatively low.     

下颌骨多发性骨折67例临床分析

目的:探讨下颌骨多发性骨折的临床特点及治疗措施。方法:收集我科2000～2006年间住院治疗的下颌骨多发性骨折患者共67例,对其一般临床资料及治疗方法进行分析总结。结果:下颌骨多发性骨折患者男性多于女性,交通事故为第一损伤原因;伤口I期愈合、骨折对位良好、面型及功能恢复正常者64例,占95%。结论:下颌骨多发性骨折以颏正中合并髁状突、下颌角部发生较多,三维CT成像及坚固内固定技术在多发性骨折的诊断与治疗中起了较大的作用,选择合适的美学切口切开复位坚固内固定治疗效果可靠,优点明显。     

Management of Mandibular Fractures in a Developing Country: A Review of 314 Cases from Two Urban Centers in Nigeria

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to establish the current demographic and treatment patterns of mandibular fractures in two urban centers (Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, and National Hospital, Abuja) in Nigeria. METHODS: All cases of mandibular fractures diagnosed and treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos (1998-2007) and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria (2001-2007) were reviewed. Data collected included age, sex, etiology of fracture, anatomic site of fracture, associated maxillofacial fracture, types of treatment, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The highest incidence of mandibular fractures (49.3%) occurred in the age group 21-30 years and the lowest in the age group 0-10 years, with male preponderance in nearly all age groups. Road traffic crashes (RTC) were the leading cause (67.5%), followed by assault (18.8%), and gunshot. Of the RTC cases, 85 (40%) were sustained from motorcycle-related crashes. The commonest site of fracture was the body of the mandible (n = 137), followed by the angle (n = 114). The majority (83.1%) were treated by closed reduction using intermaxillary fixation, 13.1% by open reduction and internal fixation, and 3.8% had conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular fractures are commonest during the third decade of life and in men, with almost half of the cases due to of road traffic crashes. RTC was the leading cause of mandibular fractures in all age groups. Motorcycle-related mandibular fractures seem to be increasing in Nigeria. There is a need to enforce legislation designed to prevent RTC to reduce maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria.     

Fractures of the mandible

An overview of the various methods available for treatment of mandibular fractures is presented; these range from the application of arch bars and intermaxillary fixation alone to open reduction with compression plating. Whenever possible, particularly in young patients, mandibular fractures requiring open reduction are approached transorally.     

Nasal spine suspension for reduction and immobilization of mandibular fractures

Successful treatment of mandibular fractures involves proper fracture reduction and immobilization for an adequate length of time. A simple wire fixation technique that can be used in many situations involves suspension wiring from the base of the anterior nasal spine to a pair of circummandibular wires. The technique may be used alone or adjunctively with other methods of fixation. It offers several advantages over other methods, particularly in the treatment of pediatric mandibular fractures.     

Repair of mandibular fractures: plating vs. traditional techniques.

The treatment of mandibular fractures is a challenge for the otorhinolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon. Recent technologic advances have resulted in the development of rigid fixation techniques that hold promise for the early and optimal restoration of mandibular structure and function. The purpose of this article is to review the dental and orthopedic principles used in our mandibular fracture management, describe compression plating methodology, and discuss optimal techniques for its use. Results using rigid fixation procedures were compared with those using a variety of more traditional techniques in a retrospective analysis of 57 cases. The advantages, limitations, and indications for use of plating technology are discussed, and prevention of complications is emphasized.     

自攻颌间牵引钉配合小型钛板治疗下颌骨骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨自攻颌间牵引钉配合小型钛板治疗下颌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:对48例下颌骨骨折患者采用自攻颌间牵引钉联合小型钛板行坚强内固定术。术后对患者的切口愈合情况、张口度、咬合关系、口腔卫生情况以及骨折愈合情况进行观察。结果:48例患者手术切口均为I期愈合,治疗效果满意,咬合关系良好,3个月后影像学复查示骨折线对位良好。结论:自攻颌间牵引钉配合小型钛板坚固内固定治疗下颌骨骨折是目前治疗下颌骨骨折较为理想的方法。     

下颌骨骨折的急诊处理方式：38例临床报告

目的探讨下颌骨骨折的急诊处理方法。方法回顾性分析自2008年7月至2014年2月收治的38例急诊下颌骨骨折患者的临床资料，总结治疗方法。结果本组38例患者（74处骨折），根据具体情况，采取外科清创术、牙弓夹板固定术、钛板坚固内固定术、神经吻合术及皮瓣移植术。术后随访6—12个月，骨折复位及咬殆关系恢复良好。结论在排除手术禁忌的情况下，急诊I期手术是修复下颌骨折的最佳时机，咬殆关系的恢复是下颌骨骨折复位固定术的关键，小型及微型钛板坚固内固定术是处理复杂骨折的有效方法。     

Current Concepts in the Mandibular Condyle Fracture Management Part II: Open Reduction Versus Closed Reduction

In the treatment of mandibular condyle fracture, conservative treatment using closed reduction or surgical treatment using open reduction can be used. Management of mandibular condylar fractures remains a source of ongoing controversy in oral and maxillofacial trauma. For each type of condylar fracture,the treatment method must be chosen taking into consideration the presence of teeth, fracture height, patient'sadaptation, patient's masticatory system, disturbance of occlusal function, and deviation of the mandible. In the past, closed reduction with concomitant active physical therapy conducted after intermaxillary fixation during the recovery period had been mainly used, but in recent years, open treatment of condylar fractures with rigid internal fixation has become more common. The objective of this review was to evaluate the main variables that determine the choice of an open or closed method for treatment of condylar fractures, identifying their indications, advantages, and disadvantages, and to appraise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions that are used in the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle.     

小型钛板内固定治疗下颌骨骨折

目的：评估小型钛板内固定治疗下颌骨骨折的临床疗效.方法：对52例下颌骨骨折的患者行切开复位术，使用小型钛板内固定，保留骨折线上的牙齿.结果：52例患者创口均Ⅰ期愈合，骨折愈合良好，51例恢复到术前咬合关系，有1例固定后出现咬合关系不良，经颌间牵引后恢复正常咬合关系，所有患者钛板均未取出.结论：小型钛板内固定具有良好的稳定性，缩短了颌间固定的时间，可早期恢复张口运动，对骨折线上牙齿可以保留，是一种较好的下颌骨骨折内固定方法。     

Key points in surgical management of mandibular condylar fractures

Mandibular condylar fractures are among the most common facial fractures and some of the most difficult to manage.Opinions about the management of mandibular condylar fractures differ among surgeons.With the implementation of new technology,an increased understanding of fracture man-agement,and better functional and morphological outcomes reported in the literature,open reduction and internal fixation is becoming many surgeons preferred choice for the treatment of condylar fractures.Because surgical treatment of such fractures is complex,certain factors must be considered to achieve satisfactory outcomes.In this article,we summarise six key points in the management of mandibular condylar fractures:virtual evaluation of condylar fracture,a suitable surgical approach,good reduction,stable internal fixation,repair of the articular disc,and restoration of the mandibular arch width.We believe that these points will help to improve the prognosis of mandibular condyle fractures.     

Treatment of a mandibular fracture with biodegradable plate in an infant: report of a case.

Mandibular fractures in infants are rare. Different methods have been described for treatment of fractures of the mandible in infants. Internal fixation of a mandibular fracture with a biodegradable plate in an 8-month-old baby is described. In addition, choices of treatment modality in such cases are discussed.     

Sagittal split advancement osteotomy: Comparison of the tendency to relapse after two different methods of rigid fixation

Mandibular advancement was studied in 32 patients with mandibular retrognathia in whom the only intervention was in the mandible. Fifteen patients were treated with fixation by lag screws and 17 with monocortical miniplates. Lateral radiographs were taken preoperatively, postoperatively, 2 months postoperatively, and 1.5 years postoperatively, and mandibular movement analysed. All patients healed uneventfully. Cephalometric analysis of lateral radiographs showed no significant differences between the two groups in skeletal relapse during any of the control periods up to 18 months. Mandibular advancement for treatment of mandibular retrognathia using rigid fixation with either lag screws or miniplates was reproducable with only minor skeletal relapse.     

Sagittal split advancement osteotomy: comparison of the tendency to relapse after two different methods of rigid fixation.

Mandibular advancement was studied in 32 patients with mandibular retrognathia in whom the only intervention was in the mandible. Fifteen patients were treated with fixation by lag screws and 17 with monocortical miniplates. Lateral radiographs were taken preoperatively, postoperatively, 2 months postoperatively, and 1.5 years postoperatively, and mandibular movement analysed. All patients healed uneventfully. Cephalometric analysis of lateral radiographs showed no significant differences between the two groups in skeletal relapse during any of the control periods up to 18 months. Mandibular advancement for treatment of mandibular retrognathia using rigid fixation with either lag screws or miniplates was reproducable with only minor skeletal relapse.     

Mandibular osteotomies for access to select parapharyngeal space neoplasms

Background

Tumors involving the parapharyngeal space present a challenge of surgical access.

Methods

We reviewed all parapharyngeal space tumors resected at the University of California, San Francisco, between 2003 and 2006 and identified 14 patients who had a mandibular osteotomy to enhance surgical access to the parapharyngeal space.

Results

The surgical approach for the 14 patients who had a mandibulotomy was accomplished via either 1 or 2 mandibular osteotomies. A single paramedian osteotomy between the canine and the first premolar was used in 4 cases, whereas a combination of a horizontal osteotomy above the lingula and a paramedian osteotomy between the canine and first premolar was employed in 8 cases. A lingual dental splint and rigid fixation were used to achieve mandibular stabilization and fixation.

Conclusion

We found that the single and double mandibular osteotomies provided excellent surgical access allowing for total tumor removal with few sequelae. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009     

Prospective Comparative Study of the Range of Movement of Temporomandibular Joints After Mandibular Fractures: Rigid or Non-rigid Fixation

Temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are negatively affected by trauma and disuse. In this prospective study, 103 patients with mandibular fractures were evaluated for the influence of trauma and maxillomandibular fixation on the TMJ. A total of 54 patients were treated by maxillomandibular fixation and 49 by titanium miniplate fixation. Those patients with condylar fractures and multiple mandibular fractures and malocclusion at presentation were not included in the study. The control group consisted of 44 randomly-selected healthy people with no past history of mandibular fracture or symptoms referable to the TMJ. Trauma was a major factor leading to TMJ dysfunction and maxillomandibular fixation increased the incidence and severity of TMJ dysfunction.     

Prospective comparative study of the range of movement of temporomandibular joints after mandibular fractures: rigid or non-rigid fixation.

Temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are negatively affected by trauma and disuse. In this prospective study, 103 patients with mandibular fractures were evaluated for the influence of trauma and maxillomandibular fixation on the TMJ. A total of 54 patients were treated by maxillomandibular fixation and 49 by titanium miniplate fixation. Those patients with condylar fractures and multiple mandibular fractures and malocclusion at presentation were not included in the study. The control group consisted of 44 randomly-selected healthy people with no past history of mandibular fracture or symptoms referable to the TMJ. Trauma was a major factor leading to TMJ dysfunction and maxillomandibular fixation increased the incidence and severity of TMJ dysfunction.