小儿脊柱爆裂型骨折

目的：探讨小儿脊拄爆裂型骨折的特性、诊断与治疗、并比较与成人同类骨折的不同特点。资料与方法：1974～1994年间收治的小儿创伤性、闭合性脊柱损伤中，有11例诊为爆裂型骨折。平均年龄为144岁，男5例，女6例。平均随访时间为9年(2～16年)。按照Denis爆裂型骨折分类法，4例为A型；6例为B型；1例为C型。根据伤后的严重程度，6例行后路融合和器械固定，5例卧位．石膏和支具治疗。结果：随访发现90％患儿有满意的功能结果。伤后及随访时的X线摄片评价表明手术治疗能够改进和维持骨折部位的后凸畸形(伤后平均19°．随访时12°)，椎体前侧压缩改进15％(伤后平均39％，随访时24％)。而非手术治疗的后凸畸形平均进展9°（伤后平均15°，随访时为24°)，椎体前侧压缩进展8％(伤后平均36％．随访44％），3例合并有神经系统症状患儿，2例有明显改进。结论：1．由于小儿脊柱的解剖特点，爆裂型骨折的诊断与治疗有其特性。2、与成人同类骨折相比，骨折的稳定性较好，神经系统症状轻。3、手术治疗可稳定骨折，并防止后凸畸形和椎体前侧压缩的进一步发展，减步住院或卧床时间。4、非手术治疗对无神经系统症状的稳定骨折是有效治疗手段，但在伤后1年中，后凸畸形和椎体前侧压缩有轻度、渐进性的发展趋势。     

长尾单向椎弓根钉经皮内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨长尾单向椎弓根钉经皮内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2015-04-2018-12采用长尾单向椎弓根钉经皮手术内固定治疗的37例胸腰椎爆裂骨折.比较术前、术后1周、取出内固定时椎体前缘高度、椎体后缘高度、伤椎楔变角、矢状位后凸角.结果 37例均顺利完成手术并获得至少8个月的随访.术中未出...     

椎体成形术对胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的治疗意义

目的：探讨腰腰椎爆裂型骨折撑开复位与椎体成形术后椎体结构和生物力学性能的变化。方法：收集6具新鲜成人尸体的胸腰椎标本，制成T11－L1、L2－L4、T12－L2节段标本共10具，用自由落体撞击试验造成中间椎体爆裂型骨折，撑开复位、用注射型自固定磷酸钙人工骨行椎体成形术。分别于骨折前、骨折撑开复位后、椎体成形术后用薄层CT扫描测量中间椎体内空隙，用双能X线骨密度仪测定骨密度，用万能材料试验机测定骨折前、椎体成形术后中间椎体与其上方椎间盘在前屈、后伸、侧屈和扭转就压力 下刚度的变化，并比较成形术后的伤椎及其下方的完整椎体的抗极限压缩测试结果。结果：8具标本造中间椎体爆裂型骨折模型成功。（1）骨折前椎体内无明显空隙；骨折并撑开复位后椎体内空隙体积平均为5．25cm^3，占椎体总体积的13．9％；椎体成形术后空隙减少，与骨折前相比差异无显著性意义。（2）骨折前椎体骨密度在正常范围，骨折并撑开复位后骨密度较骨折前降低；椎体成形术后，骨密度较骨折复位后及骨折前均明显升高。（3）椎体成形术后，伤椎的刚度与骨折前相比差异无显著性意义，抗极限压缩强度的均值低于其下方完整椎体，但差异无显著性意义；伤椎上方椎间盘在前屈和后伸应力下的刚度小于骨折前，但在侧屈应力下差异无显著性意义；标本在扭转应力下的刚度小于骨折前。结论：（1）撑开复位未能恢复胸腰椎爆裂型骨折椎体结构上的完整性，这可能是后路切开复位内固定术后发生内固定失败与矫正度丢失的重要原因。（2）应用注射型自固化磷酸钙人工骨行椎体成形术有助于伤椎的重建，术后脊柱的生物力学特性接近骨折前水平。     

经伤椎固定与经伤椎植骨在治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折的病例对照研究

目的：比较经伤椎固定与经伤椎植骨治疗胸腰段单节段爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法：对2008年8月至2010年8月收治的48例胸腰段单节段爆裂骨折患者（均为A3型）进行回顾性分析,其中24例采用短节段固定联合伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定（A组）,24例采用短节段固定联合伤椎椎体植骨（B组）。A组中男14例,女10例,平均年龄（44．0±7．4）岁（34—56岁）;B组中男13例,女11例,平均年龄（42．5±7．1）岁（31-54岁）。比较两组术前和术后相关影像学参数及手术时间、出血量、并发症。结果：两组患者的性别、年龄、损伤部位、手术出血差异无统计学意义。手术时间A组少于B组。两组患者术后即刻椎体高度、后凸角均明显恢复;术后3个月与术后即刻比较,A组椎体高度、后凸角无明显丢失,但B组椎体高度、后凸角有明显丢失;术后1年与术后3个月比较,两组椎体高度、后凸角无进一步丢失。A组手术失败率小于B组。结论：对胸腰段单一爆裂骨折,经伤椎椎弓根固定手术时间少,比经伤椎植骨更有利于维持术后伤椎高度和矢状位排列,值得推广应用。     

经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的对照研究

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根椎体植骨在胸腰椎爆裂骨折中的作用和疗效。方法采用经伤椎椎弓根椎体植骨，GSS-Ⅱ型系统复位、内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折22例，并与前期（2004年前）及同期未行椎弓根植骨的胸腰椎爆裂骨折26例作对照研究。术前、术后及随访时行X线及CT检查，观察椎体高度及矫正Cobb角有无丢失，内固定有无断裂、松动情况发生。结果治疗组全部病例获得随访，无一例发生内固定断裂、松动，治疗组与对照组在远期椎体高度丢失率、矫正后凸Cobb角丢失度方面有显著性差异。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折经伤椎椎弓根椎体植骨、GSS一1型内固定后，可恢复伤椎椎体高度，重建前中柱的稳定性，防止术后远期椎体高度和矫正Cobb角的再丢失以及内固定的松动、断裂。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎体后缘骨块的影像学形态分析

胸腰椎爆裂骨折对神经的损伤包括原发性损伤和继发性损伤，对神经损伤与骨折之间的关系研究较多，也颇有争议。我院2000年1月至2005年4月共收治125例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者，对其X线平片，CT或/和MRI图像结合各自临床表现特点进行回顾性分析，探讨爆裂骨折椎体后缘骨块的影像学形成与神经损伤之间的关系，报告如下。     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折复位内固定后椎管形态变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 观察胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折椎弓根器械复位内固定治疗后椎管形态的变化及规律.方法 对54例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折椎弓根器械复位内固定治疗的患者进行了最短为2年的随访,所有患者于术前、术后3～5 d,术后12月及术后24月拍正侧位X片,并且术前均行损伤椎体及上下相邻椎体的CT检查,其中13例获得了术前、术后即刻、以及术后24个月时的CT资料.于侧位X片上来辨别椎体后缘有无骨性突起突入椎管,同时观察椎体形态变化;于CT片上测量椎管正中矢状径(Midsagital diameter MD)表示椎管占位程度.结果 54例侧位X片上可看出椎体后缘骨块突入椎管者术前有41例(75.9%),术后10例(18.5%),术后12月时4例(7.4%),至术后24个月时1例(1.9%);术前MD平均为50.3%(n=54).有完整CT随访资料的13例中术后CT片MD平均为78.3%(P＜0.05),术后24个月时平均MD为92.8%(n=13).结论 胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎弓根器械治疗后椎管间接减压作用明显,远期椎管可基本重塑至正常状态.     

单纯椎弓根钉器械复位固定不行植骨融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折探讨

目的通过评价单纯椎弓根钉器械复位固定不行植骨融合这一方法对无明显神经损伤的不稳定性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效,探讨其临床可行性。方法对63例(后突大于20°和/或椎体前缘塌陷大于50%)行单纯椎弓根器械复位内固定而不行植骨融合的无明显神经损伤的不稳定性胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者进行了最短为2年的随访,所有患者于术前、术后、及术后24月随访时拍正侧位X片以及行损伤椎体及上下相邻椎体的CT检查(其中63例获得了术前、28例术后即刻、以及25例术后24个月时的CT资料)。于侧位片测量Cobb角(通过邻近椎体)表示成角畸形程度;测量椎体前缘高度丢失表示椎体前部塌陷程度;于CT片上测量椎管正中矢状径(Midsagital diameter MD)表示椎管占位程度;于2年最后随访时63例均获得下腰痛评分表(Low Back Outcome Score,LBOS)。结果63例最后随访时LBOS评分优者46例(优良率88%),中5例(8%),3例(4%)为差;Cobb's角术前平均为20.1°,术后平均为6.2°,最后随访时为11.9°;椎体前缘高度丢失术前平均为49.1%,术后为17.4%,最后随访时为20.4%;椎管正中矢状径术前(n=63)平均49.8(%),术后(n=28)平均78.1(%),最后随访时(n=25)平均为91.7(%);有5例(8%)由于内固定部件断裂致内固定失败;最后随访时影像学参数(Cobb角、椎体前缘高度和椎管正中矢状径)与LBOS评分无明显相关性。结论单纯椎弓根钉器械复位固定不行植骨融合这一方法对无明显神经损伤的不稳定性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效是满意的,对这种类型骨折治疗常规行后外侧融合是不必要的。     

两种植骨法对胸腰椎爆裂骨折复位后骨缺损空隙残存率及压缩刚度的影响北大核心CSCD

目的研究胸腰椎爆裂骨折两种方法植骨后伤椎椎体的植骨量、骨缺损空隙残存率及生物力学稳定性。方法取18个4～6月龄新鲜小牛脊柱腰段(L1～5)离体标本,制备L3椎体爆裂骨折模型,模拟胸腰椎爆裂骨折行伤椎撑开复位、椎弓根螺钉内固定。将18个标本随机分为3组,每组6个,A组伤椎椎体内不植骨,B组行经双侧椎弓根伤椎椎体内植骨,C组行经单侧椎管伤椎椎体内植骨。记录B、C组植骨量;将3组标本行DR片及CT观察伤椎椎体骨缺损空隙大体情况;经CT扫描后采用数格子法计算伤椎椎体骨缺损空隙残存率;应用ElectreForce-3510高精度生物材料试验机测试标本压缩刚度。结果 B、C组植骨量分别为(4.58±0.66)g和(5.72±0.78)g,比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.707,P=0.022)。DR片及CT观察示:A组标本伤椎椎体内见较大骨缺损空隙;B组伤椎椎体的"蛋壳样"空隙内可见骨粒填充,多集中于伤椎椎体后半部,椎体前部填充不足;C组伤椎椎体内较多骨粒填充,分布均匀。A、B、C组标本骨缺损空隙残存率分别为52.0%±5.5%、39.7%±2.5%、19.5%±2.5%,C组显著低于A、B组,B组显著低于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。前屈压缩刚度C组显著高于A、B组(P<0.05),A、B组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);后伸压缩刚度C组显著高于A组(P<0.05),但A、B组间及B、C组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);左侧弯及右侧弯压缩刚度3组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎弓根钉棒系统固定结合经单侧椎管伤椎椎体内植骨较经双侧椎弓根伤椎椎体内植骨植入骨量更多,更充分,术后骨缺损空隙残存率更小,对恢复脊柱前屈-压缩刚度更好。     

自制C形椎管内骨折复位器在胸腰段爆裂骨折后路手术中的应用

目的:评价自制C形椎管内骨折复位器在胸腰段爆裂骨折后路手术中对椎管内骨折块的复位效果。方法:将78例符合纳入标准(单节段胸腰段爆裂骨折,骨折块突入椎管,椎管狭窄,合并脊髓神经损伤等)的胸腰段爆裂骨折住院患者随机分入观察组和对照组,两组患者均行后路椎板减压椎管成形、钉棒系统内固定术。观察组在术中应用自制C形椎管内骨折复位器复位椎管内骨折块,对照组应用传统的直角形复位器复位椎管内骨折块。随访并评价两组患者术后局部矢状面Cobb角、伤椎椎体前后缘高度、伤椎椎管截面积以及脊髓神经功能的恢复情况。结果:观察组获得随访34例,对照组获得随访33例,随访时间均为6～12个月,观察组平均7.9个月;对照组平均7.8个月。末次随访时观察组与对照组的局部矢状面Cobb角分别平均恢复15.32°±5.81°和17.58°±7.33°;伤椎椎体前缘高度恢复率分别为(67.32±11.74)%和(66.67±10.78)%;伤椎椎体后缘高度恢复率分别为(54.68±20.13)%和(45.53±32.99)%;脊髓神经功能ASIA评分分别恢复34.53±19.81分和26.97±12.57分;Frankel分级恢复中位数分别为1.0(1.0,2.0)和1.0(1.0,1.0),两组之间的恢复率或恢复分值比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。观察组与对照组术后椎管截面积恢复率分别为(85.97±8.74)%和(76.30±6.64)%,组间比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:在胸腰段爆裂骨折后路手术中采用自制C形椎管内骨折复位器,对突入椎管内的骨折块进行复位,可较好地恢复椎管容积,优于传统的直角形复位器。     

Four-part proximal humeral fractures: diagnosis with the ��sunset�� sign on anteroposterior radiograph

INTRODUCTION

Four-part proximal humeral fractures require surgical intervention. However, they can be difficult to diagnose in radiological images. We aim to define a new, easily recognisable, radiological sign as a predictor of four-part fracture of the proximal humerus in a plain anteroposterior radiograph of the shoulder.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We describe our ‘sunset’ sign as ‘articular surface of humeral head pointing away from the glenoid and tilted upwards, in the presence of a displaced greater tuberosity fracture’. We postulate that a patient with proximal humerus fracture showing this sign has four-part fracture until proven otherwise. Between 2002 and 2006, 80 consecutive patients had surgical treatment of their proximal humeral fractures in our unit. Pre-operative radiographs and operative notes of 79 patients were evaluated independently by three blinded observers. The presence of ‘sunset’ sign was recorded. Findings were then correlated with the operative diagnoses to confirm whether they were four-part fractures or not. With 95% confidence interval, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for our diagnostic sign.

RESULTS

Of 79 patients, 30 displayed ‘sunset’ sign in their pre-operative radiograph. Of these, 28 had confirmed four-part fractures operatively. The positive predictive value of ‘sunset’ sign was 93%. The specificity and sensitivity were 95% and 78%, respectively. The sensitivity was affected by eight patients with four-part fractures with displaced articular head fragment which had dropped either medially or posteriorly.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that, in patients with proximal humeral fractures, the presence of ‘sunset’ sign in the anteroposterior radiograph is a reliable indicator of four-part fracture.     

A comparative study of computed tomographic and plain radiographic methods to measure vertebral rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

A comparative analysis of two methods of measuring vertebral rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is reported in this article. Nash and Moe's pedicle shift method (using plain anteroposterior radiographs) is compared with a new method using computed tomographic scans. The computed tomographic scans of the whole length of the major curve and the scout films obtained from seventeen girls aged 12.5-14 years were measured for rotation of each vertebra of the curve (total number of vertebrae measured by two methods = 173). This study has three interesting new findings: 1) Those vertebrae with Nash & Moe grade 0 had up to 11 degrees of vertebral rotation when measured using the computed tomographic method. Therefore, Nash & Moe's grade '0' is not a neutrally rotated vertebra; 2) For Nash & Moe grade 1 and 2, the computed tomographic method revealed statistically significantly greater rotation for lumbar vertebrae than thoracic vertebrae. There was a similar pattern for Nash & Moe grade 0 but these differences were not statistically significant; and 3) Simple formulae are reported to convert Nash & Moe's grades into angle of vertebral rotation as obtained by CT method separately for thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.     

Lumbar fractures in adult blunt trauma: axial and single-slice helical abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic scans versus portable plain films

BACKGROUND: Our hypothesis was that abdominal and pelvic computed tomographic (AP-CT) scans are equivalent to portable two-view plain films in detecting lumbar spine fractures in adults. Since many trauma patients often undergo AP-CT scanning to evaluate for possible intra-abdominal injuries, using the AP-CT scan to screen for lumbar fractures could make the trauma evaluation process more efficient. METHODS: The institutional trauma registry at a Level I trauma center was used to identify all blunt lumbar fractures during a 6-year period. Medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 7,216 adult blunt trauma patients were evaluated, and 115 patients were identified as having a lumbar fracture, for an incidence rate of 1.6%. Missed fracture rates were high for both AP-CT scans (23.2%, 13 of 56) and portable two-view films (12.7%, 14 of 110, = 0.08). Fifty-two patients had both AP-CT scans and plain films. In this group, AP-CT scans missed 23.1% (12 of 52) of the lumbar fractures and plain films missed 15.4% (8 of 52). However, the combination of the two diagnostic methods did not miss any fractures (0 of 52). The missed fractures required surgery or brace in 50% (7 of 14) patients who had fractures missed by plain films and 46% (6 of 13) patients whose fractures were missed by AP-CT scanning. CONCLUSION: Both AP-CT scans and plain films failed to diagnose significant lumbar fractures that required therapy. When screening for lumbar fractures, obtaining both AP-CT scans and portable two-view plain films may decrease missed lumbar fractures in blunt adult trauma.     

False negative rate of syndesmotic injury in pronation-external rotation stage IV ankle fractures

Background:

To investigate false negative rate in the diagnosis of diastasis on initial static anteroposterior radiograph and reliability of intraoperative external rotational stress test for detection of concealed disruption of syndesmosis in pronation external rotation (PER) stage IV (Lauge-Hansen) ankle fractures.

Materials and Methods:

We prospectively studied 34 PER stage IV ankle fractures between September 2001 and September 2008. Twenty (59%) patients show syndesmotic injury on initial anteroposterior radiographs. We performed an intraoperative external rotation stress test in other 14 patients with suspicious PER stage IV ankle fractures, which showed no defined syndesmotic injury on anteroposterior radiographs inspite of a medial malleolar fracture, an oblique fibular fracture above the syndesmosis and fracture of the posterior tubercle of the tibia.

Results:

All 14 fractures showed different degrees of tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) and tibiofibular overlapping (TFO) on the external rotation stress test radiograph compared to the initial plain anteroposterior radiograph. It is important to understand the fracture pattern characterstic of PER stage IV ankle fractures even though it appears normal on anteroposterior radiographs, it is to be confirmed for the concealed syndesmotic injury through a routine intraoperative external rotational stress radiograph.     

A novel arthroscopic procedure for fixation of avulsion fracture of tibial attachment of anterior cruciate ligament guided by meniscal stitching needle

Objective： To introduce a novel technique in which meniscal stitching needle is used as a puller to induct steel wire to secure the tibial eminence avulsion under arthroscopic visualization, and evaluate the cfinical results.
Methods： From 1999 to 2005, fifteen cases of tibial eminence avulsion were treated with this new technique. Lysholm scoring scale system was used to assess knee function before and after surgery. Regular plain anteroposterior and lateral X-ray flms were undertaken to detect the bony healing of avulsed fragment.
Results： The operating time could be controlled within 30 minutes. No complications such as intraarticular infection, iatrogenic injury, fibroarthritis or nonunion of fracture occurred in this group. X-ray film revealed that bony healing in all 15 cases was achieved from 6 weeks to 12 weeks postoperatively. Lysholm score was improved from 19.1 ± 15.2 （ ranging from 10 to 56 ） preoperatively to 97.5 ± 3.7 （ranging from 91 to 100） postoperatively on average in 12-54 months follow up （mean 23 months）. The statistically significant difference was shown in Student＇s t test （t = 18. 483, P =3. 100×10^-11, P 〈 0. 01）. Wire breakage was found in two patients whose wires were removed 8 months and 14 months after initial operation, respectively.
Conclusion： This technique has many advantages, such as simplicity, wide indications from type Ⅱ to type Ⅳ fractures, minimal invasion, short operating time and predictable satisfactory results.     

提高股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折早期诊断率的前瞻性研究

目的 评价连续性币=项榆查诊断方案对股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折早期诊断的临床效果. 方法采用前瞻性研究方法,对2005年9月至2007年6月收治的股骨干骨折采用连续性的五项检查诊断方案,诊断其中合并同侧股骨颈骨折病例.包括基本3项:术前髋关节保持内旋位的前后位X线榆查,术中髋部透视,术后患者麻醉清醒前摄髋关节正、侧位X线片;备选2项:股骨颈薄层CT扫描(2 mm),随访期间出现髋部疼痛时摄X线片.并与2003年9月至2005年8月收治的股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折病例常规诊断状况进行比较. 结果五项方案组合并同侧股骨颈骨折的早期诊断率达93.8%,较传统方案组(46.2%)娃著提高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.069,P=0.044). 结论连续性的五项检查诊断方案能显著提高股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的早期诊断率.     

Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults: a 23- to 41-year follow-up

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several studies report a favorable short-term outcome after nonoperatively treated two-column thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in patients without neurological deficits. Few reports have described the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after these fractures, and none have, to our knowledge, specifically evaluated the long-term outcome of the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebra, often damaged at injury and possibly at an increased risk of height reduction and degeneration with subsequent chronic back pain. PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in adults, with special attention to posttraumatic radiological disc height reduction. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PATIENT SAMPLE: Sixteen men with a mean age of 31 years (range, 19-44) and 11 women with a mean age of 40 years (range, 23-61) had sustained a thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973. Four had sustained a burst fracture Denis type A, 18 a Denis type B, 1 a Denis type C, and 4 a Denis type E. Seven of these patients had neurological deficits at injury, all retrospectively classified as Frankel D. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical outcome was evaluated subjectively with Oswestry score and questions regarding work capacity and objectively with the Frankel scale. The radiological outcome was evaluated with measurements of local kyphosis over the fractured segment, ratios of anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, adjacent disc heights, pedicle widths, sagittal width of the spinal canal, and lateral and anteroposterior displacement. METHODS: From the radiographical archives of an emergency hospital, all patients with a nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973 were registered. The fracture type, localization, primary treatment, and outcome were evaluated from the old radiographs, referrals, and reports. Twenty-seven individuals were clinically and radiologically evaluated a mean of 27 years (range, 23-41) after the injury. RESULTS: At follow-up, 21 former patients reported no or minimal back pain or disability (Oswestry Score mean 4; range, 0-16), whereas 6 former patients (of whom 3 were classified as Frankel D at baseline) reported moderate or severe disability (Oswestry Score mean 39; range, 26-54). Six former patients were classified as Frankel D, and the rest as Frankel E. Local kyphosis had increased by a mean of 3 degrees (p<.05), whereas the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebrae remained unchanged in height during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine in adults with or without minor neurological deficits have a predominantly favorable long-term outcome, and there seems to be no increased risk for subsequent disc height reduction in the adjacent discs.     

Do Weight-bearing Films Affect Decision Making in Hallux Valgus Surgery?

Hallux valgus is a complex deformity of the first ray and forefoot that can be surgically treated using different procedures and osteotomies. Preoperative planning includes anteroposterior and lateral plain films. The effect of weight-bearing on the results of the standardized measurements is still the subject of debate. We evaluated the effect of weight-bearing on the results of measurements and decision making by expert evaluators. A total of 21 foot and ankle surgeons were given weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing anteroposterior plain foot films of patients with hallux valgus. They were asked to measure 3 standard angles and then to select the most appropriate procedure from a short list. Using a paired Student's t test, no difference in the angles measured nor in the procedures chosen was detected between the weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing films. Although it is generally accepted that decisions regarding the treatment of hallux valgus should be based on plain weight-bearing films, in the present study, we established that non-weight-bearing films can reliably be used to choose the surgical procedure.     

齿状突骨折的 CT三维重建分型及临床意义

目的探讨齿状突骨折的CT三维重建分型及临床意义。方法2000年9月～2004年6月,对32例寰枢椎损伤患者均行X线检查、螺旋CT薄层扫描及三维重建检查,评价CT三维重建分型及临床意义。结果X线片检查对齿状突骨折的漏诊率为28.13%(9/32),CT平扫漏诊率为6.25%(2/32),CT三维重建无1例漏诊。结论X线片对齿状突骨折易造成漏诊或诊断不确切。CT三维重建能直观、精确地显示病变的立体形态及各解剖结构的空间关系,提供分型依据,对治疗具有指导作用。