自我成长团体训练对大学生焦虑情绪的影响

目的调查自我成长团体训练对大学生焦虑情绪的影响,并探索其对不同人格大学生的训练效果。方法对53名志愿者进行自我成长团体训练。结果干预前后,焦虑自评量表得分分别是(44.94±8.73)和(37.50±8.19)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);团体训练的效果与大学生神经质人格呈正相关,且具有统计学意义。结论团体训练能有效减轻大学生的焦虑情绪,且对情绪不稳定性高的人效果更明显。     

团体辅导在大学生人际交往训练中的应用研究

目的通过团体辅导提高大学生人际交往的能力。方法选取大学生13名,采取团体训练,并用卡氏16种人格因素测验(16PF)、主观评估量表等方法评估效果。结果团体训练后,所有成员的10个自我评估项目均发生正向变化,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),并对此训练有满意的评价;16PF次元人格因素在训练后较训练前有改善,但训练前后比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论团体辅导可以改善大学生的人际关系、提高大学生的人际交往能力,是一种有效的活动。     

结构式团体心理辅导对铁路院校大学生人际交往效能感的干预效果

目的了解团体心理辅导对陕西某铁路院校大学生人际交往效能感水平的干预效果。方法 2019年3—7月,采用干预组和对照组前后测试以及干预后2个月追踪测试的实验设计,对101名(干预组52名,对照组49名)铁路院校大学生进行团体辅导心理干预和测试。结果 (1)铁路院校大学生人际困扰学生人数占被测试人数的44.55%(45/101),轻度人际困扰学生占被测试人数35.64%(36/101),严重人际困扰学生占被试人6.9%(7/101)。人际交往效能感得分为90.22±9.614,处于中等水平。(2)干预前后测试中,对照组人际交往效能感差异无统计学意义(t=0.827,P0.05),干预组人际交往效能感显著提高,差异有统计学意义(t=8.688,P0.01);(3)干预组和对照组在干预前后人际交往效能感得分差异有统计学意义(t=10.280,P0.01);(4)干预组人际交往效能感后测试得分和2个月后的追踪测试得分差异无统计学意义(t=0.129,P0.05)。结论团体心理辅导可以有效提升陕西某铁路院校大学生人际交往效能感,且效果持久,不易反弹。     

团体辅导在大学生人际交往训练中的应用研究

目的通过团体辅导提高大学生人际交往的能力。方法选取大学生13名,采取团体训练,并用卡氏16种人格因素测验（16PF）、主观评估量表等方法评估效果。结果团体训练后,所有成员的10个自我评估项目均发生正向变化,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,并对此训练有满意的评价;16PF次元人格因素在训练后较训练前有改善,但训练前后比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论团体辅导可以改善大学生的人际关系、提高大学生的人际交往能力,是一种有效的活动。     

运用团体心理咨询方法改善大学生抑郁情绪的调查研究

目的探索运用团体心理咨询的方法、改善或缓解大学生抑郁情绪的有效性,促进其心理健康成长。方法从浙江医学高等专科学校、金华职业技术学院医学院学生中共抽取40人作为团体成员,进行为期一个半月的团体心理咨询,以田纳西自我概念量表、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、抑郁量表(SDS)为评估工具,在实验前、后对团体成员进行测查。结果团体咨询后:(1)团体成员SDS总分下降,与咨询前比较差异非常显著(P<0.01)。(2)E(外倾)分(50.83±8.91)高于咨询前(47.32±7.50),P(精神质)分(44.15±5.26)低于咨询前(46.33±7.24),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。(3)SDS、田纳西自我概念两种量表的相关性分析表明,TSCS的9个正向因子与SDS的总分均呈负相关,TSCS的负向因子(“自我批评”因子)与SDS总分呈正相关,且自我概念与抑郁在总体上属于较高相关(P<0.01)。结论通过团体心理咨询的方式纠正大学生自我概念上的认知偏差,建立积极的自我评价,在短期内能有效改善或缓解大学生的抑郁情绪。     

团体心理辅导与军校学员心理健康初探

目的探讨团体心理辅导对军校学员心理健康的影响。方法随机选取 2个战士学员区队 ,各 31人 ,分为实验组和对照组 ,对实验组进行团体心理辅导 ,不干预对照组。结果实验组团体心理辅导后 ,强迫症状分数为 0 .77± 0 .4 6 ,显著低于辅导前的 1.0 4± 0 .5 6 (P <0 .0 1) ;恐怖和社交焦虑分数分别为 0 .2 9± 0 .2 1和 4 .5 1± 3.71,亦低于辅导前的 0 .4 3± 0 .35和 6 .0 3± 3.4 8(P <0 .0 5 ) ;自评自信心水平心理辅导前为 7.19± 1.6 6 ,辅导后提高至 7.90± 1.5 9,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。结论团体心理辅导可以有效地促进学员的心理健康 ,提高学员的人际交往能力 ,从而提高心理素质。     

叙事取向团体心理辅导对大学生人际交往困扰的干预效果

探讨叙事取向团体心理辅导对人际交往困扰大学生的干预效果,为提高大学生人际交往水平提供参考.方法 使用人际关系综合诊断量表(Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale,IRIDS)进行测评和现场访谈,从某高校大学生中选取32名存在人际交往困扰的大学生,随机分配到实验组和对照组.实验组接受每周1次连续6周的叙事取向团体心理辅导,控制组在实验期不给予任何实验处理.在团体心理辅导前、团体心理辅导结束及团体心理辅导结束4周后对2组进行IRIDS、社交回避及苦恼量表(Social Avoidance and Distress Scale,SADS)测评.结果 干预前,实验组和对照组人际关系状况及各因子、社交回避及苦恼差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);干预结束后,实验组和控制组在交谈、交际与交友、异性交往、人际总分、社交回避、社会苦恼及社交总分方面差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);干预结束4周后,实验组和控制组在交谈、交际与交友、人际总分、社交回避、社会苦恼方面差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).结论 叙事取向团体心理辅导可以提升大学生人际交往水平、改善大学生社交回避和社交苦恼,且具有持续效果.     

团体沙盘游戏与心理辅导对大学生人际交往能力的干预效果比较

比较团体沙盘游戏与团体心理辅导对大学生人际交往能力的干预效果,为大学生人际交往障碍的干预提供新的思路.方法 使用大学生移情问卷与人际交往能力问卷筛选某高校大学生,选择人际交往能力与移情能力得分均处于40%低分段的44名大学生,随机分为团体心理辅导组与团体沙盘游戏组,进行为期6周的心理干预,分别于干预后1周、2个月后,采用大学生移情问卷、人际交往能力问卷、SCL-90的人际关系敏感因子评估心理干预效果.结果 认知移情、行为移情、适当拒绝与自我表达的得分在团体沙盘游戏干预后以及2个月后的得分均高于干预前(P值均<0.05),人际关系敏感在团体沙盘游戏干预后低于干预前(t=2.671,P<0.05);情感移情、适当拒绝得分在团体心理辅导干预后高于干预前(P值均<0.05),主动交往得分在团体心理辅导干预结束2个月后高于干预前(t=3.233,P<0.05);对照组的自我表达得分高于干预前(t=3.095,P<0.05),但干预结束2个月后与干预前差异无统计学意义(t=1.900,P>0.05).结论 团体心理辅导与团体沙盘对大学生人际交往能力的干预效果具有互补性,将两者结合起来可以使干预效果更好.     

团体心理辅导提高受欺负儿童人际适应水平的实验研究

目的 探讨人际训练团体心理辅导在改善和提高受欺负儿章人际适应水平方面的可行性和有效性,为促进有过受欺负经历儿童的心理健康提供依据.方法 通过多维度受欺负量表测查及访谈等方法,从某中学筛选出22名受欺负初中生,采用随机分配方法将被试分为实验组和对照组.实验组接受为期7周的人际训练团体心理辅导,对照组不进行实验处理.采用人际冲突解决策略量表和团体活动反馈表进行评估.结果 实验组问题解决、内倾化和外倾化因子辅导前后变化值均显著大于对照组,90.9%的团体成员认为团体心理干预有效,人际交往得到了改善.结论 团体心理辅导提高了受欺负儿童使用问题解决策略的能力,降低了内倾化和外倾化水平,也提高了人际适应能力.     

形体训练对女大学生体质的影响

目的 研究形体训练前后女大学生体成分、形态及心肺功能的变化,为女大学生参加形体训练提供科学依据。方法 采用皮脂厚度测量计、运动心肺功能仪和与之配套的功率自行车,结合体重身高指数、胸围指数、整体形态指数的各项指标进行对比研究,分析形体训练前后体质变化情况。结果 形体训练1学期后,体重平均降低(6.2±2.9)kg、体脂量(F)下降(2.88±0.60)kg、体重/身高指数减少38.03kg/cm、安静心率(HR)平均减少(6.6±6.12)次/min、脉压差/收缩压×100指数提高10.2、最大吸氧量每分钟增加(0.36±0.06)ml、最大通气量每分钟增加(4.43±2.5)ml,与形体训练前比较,差异均具有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论 通过形体锻炼能明显改善女大学生体质、机能、运动与活动能力。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.