Effect of A. polygama APEE (Actinidia polygama ethanol extract) or APWE (Actinidia polygama water extract) on wrinkle formation in UVB-irradiated hairless mice

Background

Actinidia polygama (silver vine) is considered a medical plant which has been used in oriental medicine. It has been used for the treatment of pain, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation. Few studies reported on the effect of Actinidia polygama (silver vine) on skin photoaging.

Objective

To evaluate the anti-photoaging effect of the ethanol and water extracts of A. polygama (APEE and APWE, respectively) in UVB-irradiated hairless mice.

Methods

SKH-1 hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation (30–60 mJ/cm²), following orally APEE or APWE oral administration for 10 weeks. We examined the effect on winkle improvement by a measuring Fullscope, PRIMOS, Craniometer, and Cutometer. Furthermore, we analyzed histological changes in mouse dorsal skin through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) was analyzed by immunoblotting.

Results

Oral administration of APEE or APWE at 100 or 200 mg/kg in UVB-irradiated mice alleviated the symptoms of skin aging, such as wrinkling, epidermal hyperplasia, and water loss. In addition, the APEE or APWE oral administration increased skin elasticity by enhancing the production of type I collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthase and downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (1, 3, and 9) expression.

Conclusion

Based on results for our study, APEE or APWE could protect the UVB-mediated skin wrinkle and is new target for the developing anti-wrinkle cosmetics.     

The Fabi-Bolton chest wrinkle scale: a pilot validation study

Up until now, no objective scale has existed to evaluate chest wrinkles and assess the efficacy of treatment. This study was designed to validate a new photonumeric wrinkle assessment scale using standardized photographic methodology to obtain reference photographs. Multiple photographs from 28 volunteer subjects with varying degrees of chest wrinkles were evaluated by a study team of two independent physicians. Photographs of 16 subjects representing the full spectrum of chest wrinkle severity were selected and classified using the Fabi–Bolton (F–B) 5‐point wrinkle scale (1 = wrinkles absent; 2 = shallow but visible wrinkles; 3 = moderately deep wrinkles; 4 = deep wrinkles, with well‐defined edges; 5 = wrinkles very deep with redundant folds). One representative photograph was chosen by study team consensus for each of the five scale points. A second, independent group of evaluators rated the randomly arranged photographs using the F–B wrinkle scale. The numeric results were then tabulated and compared. The F–B wrinkle scale provided a reproducible and effective method for assessing chest wrinkles with very little interrater variability. The F–B wrinkle scale is a reliable tool for the classification of chest wrinkles and evaluation of therapeutic and cosmetic interventions.     

1100～1800nm宽波红外强光治疗眶周皱纹的临床观察

目的验证宽波红外强光治疗眶周皱纹的有效性和安全性。方法 31例治疗前改良的Fitzpatrick皱纹分型(MFWS)眶周皱纹处于0.5~2.5级的患者被纳入研究。采用1100~1800 nm宽波红外强脉冲光进行治疗,能量26~34 J/cm2,4周1次,3~5次为1个疗程。由两位独立的第三方专家同时对患者眶周皱纹治疗前、疗程结束后、疗程结束后1个月和3个月的疗效进行分析。通过问卷形式由患者对术中疼痛度和术后3个月疗效满意度进行评分。结果治疗后1个月、3个月随访中患者Fitzpatrick皱纹分型平均值分别由治疗前的1.5级下降到0.85级和0.75级,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。93.54%(29/31)的患者认为治疗过程中无疼痛,无明显不良反应。结论宽波红外强脉冲光技术治疗眶周皱纹安全有效,疼痛感少是其优点。     

Efficacy of anti‐wrinkle products in skin surface appearance: a comparative study using non‐invasive methods

Background/purpose: Age has a huge influence on skin roughness; with increasing age, the number of collagen and elastine fibers is reduced and elasticity decreases significantly. Pharmaceutical and cosmetics, environmental factors and lifestyle have an important effect on skin. In this study, the efficacy of 12 commercial anti‐wrinkle products was evaluated using a direct non‐invasive method to measure the skin surface morphology. Four clinical parameters surface evaluation of the living skin (SELS) (Ser, Sesc, Sesm, and Sew) were evaluate using Visioscan^® VC98. Methods: Two hundred and forty‐eight healthy female volunteers, aged between 30 and 70 years, were chosen for this study. The duration of treatment was 28 days. Skin microrelief parameters were evaluated using the Visioscan^® VC98 – SELS 2000 from Courage+Khazaka. Measurements were made in the crow's feet area and the differences were evaluated for statistical significance. Results: Significant differences were found for some of the SELS parameters. According to the results obtained for SELS Sew, products that showed to be more effective against aging were V, M, N, T, P, R and L. We think this methodology may be considered very useful for the direct study of the skin surface and may be suitable as a routine method in wrinkle evaluation.     

Topical niacinamide (Nicotinamide) treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE): A prospective pilot study

Background

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is an umbrella term for a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders affecting the skin. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the chronic condition and most common form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Aims

Current therapies of DLE are challenging and not completely satisfactory, highly expensive, off-label, or poorly available (like antimalarials due to COVID-19 outbreaks). Nicotinamide, also called niacinamide, is a water-soluble form of vitamin B3 (niacin). Its multiple effects let us think that nicotinamide could be a therapy for lupus-associated skin lesions.

Methods

We performed a prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial on 60 subjects diagnosed with Discoid lupus erythematosus using topical Nicotinamide 2% and 4% preparations in form of cream and gel on skin and scalp lesions. Control group was included using only cream/gel base as placebo control.

Results

Obtained data showed that topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Topical 4% Nicotinamide is superior to 2% preparation in response but associated with a higher incidence of irritation.

Conclusion

Topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as an adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Further trials with long-term therapy, follow-up period, and bigger sample sizes are required.     

RimabotulinumtoxinB vs. onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of forehead lines: an evaluator‐blind,randomized, pilot study

Background Optimum dose ratios of rimabotulinumtoxinB (BTX‐B) and onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX‐A) have not been determined for forehead wrinkles. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of BTX‐B and BTX‐A for the treatment of forehead lines. Methods Twenty‐two women (mean age, 40 years) with symmetrical moderate to severe forehead lines were randomized to receive single intramuscular injections of BTX‐A and BTX‐B on either side of the forehead, at a potency ratio of 1 : 70 or 1 : 100. Subjects were followed‐up for 16 weeks. Four physicians evaluated patients’ photographs according to the 4‐point Facial Wrinkling Grade (FWG). Clinical Improvement Scale (CIS) was calculated by subtracting FWG score at each visit from that at baseline. Patient satisfaction scores and adverse events were also recorded. Results Both BTX‐A and BTX‐B were effective for the treatment of forehead lines. At both potency ratios, BTX‐A had a longer duration of action than BTX‐B, while BTX‐B led to faster improvement than BTX‐A. There was no significant difference in CIS between 700 U and 1000 U BTX‐B treatments. Adverse effects were mild and transient. Conclusion Both BTX‐A and BTX‐B were effective and well tolerated for the treatment of forehead wrinkles at potency ratios of 1 : 70 and 1 : 100.     

Comparison between ultrasonography (Dermascan C version 3) and transparency profilometry (Skin Visiometer SV600)

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: A recently developed method to estimate skin smoothness is the replica method, which may have the limitation of the roughness difference of actual skin due to the skin-replicating process. Therefore, observation of dermal layer change is very important. For this purpose, ultrasonic display equipment is generally used. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between skin roughness and dermal density in wrinkle evaluation. METHODS: We evaluated the crow's feet of 95 Korean females using mechanical assessments; Skin-Visiometer SV 600 and Dermascan C. Transparency profilometry (Skin Visiometer) use a very thin skin print, which allows parallel light to pass through and is analyzed immediately after production. High-frequency (20 MHz) ultrasonography (Dermascan C) enables non-invasive evaluation of skin thickness and echo density. RESULTS: We found a correlation between skin roughness and dermal density. Particularly, we found a significant correlation between skin roughness (R2) and dermal thickness. Also, we found a significant negative correlation between dermal density and dermal thickness (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, the ultrasonography system may be considered a very useful method in wrinkle evaluation with the transparency profilometry. However, further study will be required.     

International consensus recommendations on the aesthetic usage of botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit) – part I: upper facial wrinkles

Background Azzalure (Galderma SA) is a newly approved European botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT‐A). It is derived from Dysport (Ipsen Pharma), which has a long history of usages in various applications. Azzalure and Dysport are collectively referred to as BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit) and are different from other BoNT‐A preparations. Objective To provide consensus recommendations on the treatment of upper face wrinkles with BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit). Methods The members of the International Board on Botulinum toxin Azzalure (IBBA) convened to develop consensus on the treatment of upper facial wrinkles based on their own extensive experience. Results The consensus recommendations address the general issues regarding treatment and provide specific guidelines on the anatomy, injection points, dose, injection technique and safety precautions concerning each common upper face indication. The recommended final concentration of BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit) is 200 s.U/mL (10 s.U/0.05 mL) after reconstitution. For glabellar lines, the members recommend a total of five injection points with 10 s.U/point. For forehead wrinkles, the members recommend four to six injections into the frontalis with 5–10 s.U/point. For crow’s feet, the members recommend three injections per side with 5–10 s.U/point at the lateral part of the orbicularis oculi. For lateral eyebrow lift , the members recommend one point at each eyebrow tail and an additional one in each side of the frontalis with 5–10 s.U/point. Conclusion This guideline provides a framework for physicians who wish to perform safe and efficacious injection of BoNT‐A (Speywood Unit).     

Longitudinal study of skin aging: from microrelief to wrinkles

Aim: To study the changes in skin microrelief and periocular wrinkles during the aging process. Methods: Replicas of the crow's feet area of volunteers were recorded in 1987 and 2008 and observed comparatively. Characteristic features were quantified by image analysis. Results: Observation shows that some microrelief features disappear and even merge with wrinkles that become more marked. Some primary lines also tend to merge to form thin new wrinkles. Quantitative data support these observations: the size of small and medium objects of skin relief decreases with age while large objects are becoming larger. Conclusion: Over 21 years, in the group studied, the total area of the detected objects remains quite constant. Only the distribution between small and large detected objects (microrelief features and wrinkles, respectively) is modified.