双黄连滴丸的最佳制备工艺和溶出时限检查*

[目的]优选双黄连滴丸的最佳制备工艺并进行溶出时限检查。[方法]对双黄连滴丸的基质、基质与药物的比例、滴制温度、冷凝剂冷凝温度进行筛选,以溶出仪进行溶出时限检查。[结果]双黄连滴丸的最佳制备工艺为：以水溶性基质1作为基质,药物与基质配比为1∶2,滴制温度为70℃,冷凝剂的冷凝温度为0～5℃。双黄连滴丸在6 min内全部溶解。[结论]双黄连滴丸制备工艺合理,溶出时限满足要求。     

正交设计法研究盐酸小檗碱滴丸制备工艺

目的研究盐酸小檗碱滴丸制备的工艺因素,确立最佳制备工艺条件。方法以滴丸的丸重差异、溶散时限、硬度及圆整度评价等作为综合质量评定指标,采用正交设计实验优选滴丸的处方和成型工艺。结果以聚乙二醇6000为基质,液体石蜡为冷凝剂,熔融液温度80℃条件下,盐酸小檗碱滴丸制备以药物与基质比例1∶7、冷凝液温度0℃、滴距3cm为最佳条件。结论制得的滴丸丸重差异小、溶散时间短、综合质量好,符合滴丸的质量要求,可用于盐酸小檗碱滴丸制备。     

以木糖醇与淀粉的低共熔混合物为基质的复方丹参滴丸制剂工艺的优化

目的:对新型基质(木糖醇与淀粉的低共熔混合物)复方丹参滴丸的制剂工艺进行优化.方法:以滴丸外观质量、硬度、冷凝性、药物含量、溶散时限等为评价指标,对加入方式、药物基质比、冷凝液种类、滴制温度、冷凝液温度、滴距、滴速、化料时间等8个因素进行单因素实验考察;以滴丸成型率为考察指标,进行正交设计试验,筛选出最佳的滴丸成型工艺条件.结果:最佳制剂工艺为主药以喷雾干燥粉末的形式与基质按1︰5.5的比例混合,重质液体石蜡为冷凝剂,药液温度为85～95℃,化料时间为1～2 h,冷凝液温度为-2～4℃,滴距为5～10 cm,滴速为每分钟30～45滴.结论:优化工艺制备的新基质复方丹参滴丸成型性好,质量稳定,重现性好,可为今后的工业化生产提供参考依据.     

双黄连滴丸制备工艺的研究

目的 研究双黄连滴丸的制备工艺。方法 以滴制温度、冷却剂温度为主要因素，设计正交试验制备双黄连滴丸，测定溶散时限等各项指标。结果 最佳条件以滴制温度90℃，冷却剂温度5℃为宜。结论 工艺简便可行，评分指标可靠、合理。     

卫矛总黄酮滴丸制备工艺研究

目的研究卫矛总黄酮滴丸成型的最佳工艺。方法在单因素考察的基础上,以基质与药物比例、滴制时药液的温度、滴速、冷却剂的温度为考察因素,以滴丸的外观、丸重差异、溶解时限为考察指标,设计正交试验考察滴丸成型的最佳工艺。结果基质与药物比例为3∶1,滴制时药液温度为80～85℃,滴速为15～20滴/分,冷却剂二甲基硅油的温度为20℃为最佳工艺条件。结论本实验筛选出了卫矛总黄酮滴丸制备的最佳工艺,制备的滴丸符合《中国药典》要求。     

Preparation technology of total flavonoids dropping pills from Euonymus Sacrosancta Koidz

目的 研究卫矛总黄酮滴丸成型的最佳工艺.方法 在单因素考察的基础上,以基质与药物比例、滴制时药液的温度、滴速、冷却剂的温度为考察因素,以滴丸的外观、丸重差异、溶解时限为考察指标,设计正交试验考察滴丸成型的最佳工艺.结果 基质与药物比例为3:1,滴制时药液温度为80～85℃,滴速为15～20滴/分,冷却剂二甲基硅油的温度为20℃为最佳工艺条件.结论 本实验筛选出了卫矛总黄酮滴丸制备的最佳工艺,制备的滴丸符合《中国药典》要求.     

满山红滴丸制备工艺研究

目的:研究影响满山红滴丸制备的各种因素,确定最佳工艺。方法:通过对滴丸的丸质量差异、外观、硬度及崩解时限综合评分,采用正交试验考察基质间比例、基质与药的比例、化药温度和滴头高度等条件。结果:满山红滴丸制备的最佳条件是PEG4000∶PEG6000∶药物(2∶1∶1)在90℃化药,在距冷凝剂液面5 cm处以每分钟30滴速度滴制,滴头口径4⁵ mm,冷凝剂温度10℃。结论:在最佳条件下制备的滴丸,成型好、均匀,硬度和崩解符合要求,工艺稳定。     

鹿衔草滴丸制备工艺研究

目的:优选鹿衔草滴丸的制备工艺.方法:以滴丸的圆整度、丸重差异为指标,运用正交试验设计分别对滴丸的处方、冷凝剂种类和滴制条件进行筛选.结果:确定鹿衔草滴丸制备工艺如下,采用PEG6000∶PEG4000=1∶1为基质,药物∶基质=1∶2,冷凝剂用甲基硅油,药液温度85℃,冷凝剂温度0℃,滴头直径2 cm,滴距10 cm.结论:该制备工艺简便合理,适应于工业生产.     

香青兰滴丸制备工艺的研究

目的研究香青兰滴丸的最佳成型工艺。方法通过对香青兰滴丸制备过程的试验,以滴丸的成型率、外观质量、溶散时限、丸质量变异系数为筛选指标,以药液的油浴温度、冷却剂的冷凝温度、药物与基质的最佳配比为主要考察因素,对香青兰滴丸的制备工艺进行优选,并考察了影响滴丸成型的其他因素。结果药物与基质的最佳配比为1∶2.5,药液油浴温度为75～80℃,冷却剂的冷凝温度10～15℃为最佳制备工艺条件。按照此优化条件制备香青兰滴丸成型率高。结论用最佳工艺条件制得香青兰滴丸,其外观呈黑褐色,味微苦,表面光滑,大小一致,符合《中国药典》规定。     

冠心苏合滴丸工艺制备研究

目的:确定最佳滴丸成型工艺.方法:以丸形,丸重差异、溶散时限为指标.通过药物与基质比例、滴制温度、冷却剂的选择和温度控制选出最佳滴制条件.结果:以聚乙二醇6000为基质,药物与基质比例为3:7,甲基硅油为冷却剂,控制科温在90℃时滴丸成型好.结论:该满丸成型工艺合理可行.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.