我国正常生育力男子精浆的微量元素研究

本文报告测试了68例正常生育力成年男子精浆中的锌、铜,铁等微量元素和镁,测试结果如下:锌130±5.64μg/ml,铜1.84±0.158μg/ml,铁0.801±0.104μg/ml,镁103.86±10.01μg/ml。所测得的数值均在正常范围内。在正常范围内的精液,精浆中的锌、镁含量与精液质量(精子密度和活动力)之间无显著差异。但铜的含量与精子活动度关系密切,含量高则活动度差,反之则活动度好。铁的含量与精子密度关系也十分密切,含量高时精子密度也高。     

子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔液干扰素-γ与精子活动力的关系

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔液中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)与精子活动力的关系。方法:用双抗体夹心法检测12例子宫内膜异位症不孕妇女,12例其他病因所致不孕妇女和12例生育力正常妇女腹腔液中IFN-γ含量,用精液自动分析系统检测与腹腔液共同孵育后的正常精液中精子活动力参数。结果:内异症组腹腔液IFN-γ含量明显高于其他原因不孕组和正常对照组,且在内异症组中重度患者腹腔液IFN-γ含量明显高于轻度患者;内异症组腹腔液与正常精液共同孵育后,后者精子活动力显著降低,并与IFN-γ含量呈明显负相关。结论:内异症患者腹腔液IFN-γ水平增高对精子有抑制作用,可能是导致不孕的原因之一。     

皮下植入睾酮硅胶丸对雄性大鼠生育的控制

作者将装有约12毫克睾酮的2.5厘米长的硅胶管,二端用医用硅胶粘合剂封闭后,植入雄性成熟大鼠的肩骨上部皮下。经过1—2个月后解剖。对交配情况、附生殖器的生化情况以及睾丸的组织学等作了研究。植入一枚睾酮硅胶丸的雄鼠,在1—2个月时,或植入2枚睾酮胶丸一个月的雄鼠,它们附睾中的精子仍有活动能力,交配后雌鼠能正常产仔。植入2枚睾酮硅胶丸二个月的雄鼠,在精母细胞阶段就抑制了精子发育,附睾涂片无精子。间质细胞萎缩,交配后不产仔。将硅胶丸取出后一个月,睾丸组织、附睾中精子的活动能力及生育都恢复正常。     

精子质量和数量对体外受精率,卵裂率和卵裂胚胎的影响

目的观察精子质量和数量对体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）的卵细胞受精、卵裂和卵裂胚胎的影响。方法观察常规ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ９２个周期的精液和授精精子的密度和活动力与孕卵细胞分裂的关系。结果对４８１个成熟卵及２７３个未成熟卵的观察表明,快速直线运动（ａ级）精子和快速非直线或慢速直线运动（ｂ级）精子的密度下降,使成熟卵和未成熟卵的细胞受精率和受精卵的卵裂率明显下降;ａ级和ｂ级精子的密度增高,可明显降低形态不良卵裂胚胎的比率。结论精子的密度和活动力对体外受精过程非常重要。     

精子形态对体外受精胚胎移植妊娠结局的影响

目的：分析男性精液参数与卵裂率、优质胚胎率及妊娠率的相关性,探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）周期中精子形态对精子功能的影响。方法：分析82个受精率100%的IVF-ET周期。以Diff-Quickstain方法染色,密度梯度离心法处理精液,WHO精子形态学标准评估精子形态,精子正常形态率≥14%为正常组,〈14%者为异常组。观察精液处理前后精子参数变化,比较妊娠组与未妊娠组的年龄、移植日子宫内膜厚度和精液各参数的情况。比较精液处理前后精子正常形态率与两组的正常受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率和妊娠率。结果：①密度梯度离心法处理后82例精液密度明显降低,活动力明显提高,差别有统计学意义。②精液处理前精子正常形态率：正常组11例（13.41%）,异常组71例（86.59%）;处理后正常组34例（41.46%）,异常组48例（58.53%）。异常组精液处理后正常精子形态的比例提高,中位数（P25,P75）分别为8.15%（6.38%,10.50%）vs.12.41%（9.98%,18.58%）,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。③精液处理前精子正常形态率正常组和异常组的密度和活动力差别无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。④精液处理前后精子正常形态率正常组和异常组的妊娠率和优质胚胎率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;精子正常形态率正常组的卵裂率高于异常组（P〈0.05）。⑤妊娠组和未妊娠组除男女双方年龄差异有统计学意义外,移植日子宫内膜厚度和各精液参数差异均无统计学意义。结论：精子形态对妊娠结局无预测,密度梯度离心法能提高正常精子形态百分数,需根据精液处理后的结果选择受精方式。     

长期使用十一酸睾酮抑制大鼠睾丸和附睾的雄激素受体基因表达

本研究探讨十一酸睾酮抗雄性大鼠生育的机制。１２周龄雄性ＳＤ大鼠,给药组８只每２周注射２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ十一酸睾酮,共３个月。与１０只对照大鼠比较,十一酸睾酮处理大鼠睾丸网液中精子密度下降到对照组的７％,附睾尾部精子活动力下降至对照组的６％,血清睾酮水平上升至对照组的２５５％,而睾丸网液睾酮却下降至对照组的５５％。两组之间均有非常显著差异。未发现十一酸睾酮处理大鼠睾丸生殖细胞和附睾上皮细胞凋亡状况有明显改变,但睾丸和附睾的雄激素受体基因表达显著低于对照组大鼠。十一酸睾酮抑制睾丸精子生成和降低附睾精子活动力可能与睾丸网液的雄激素水平下降以及睾丸和附睾雄激素受体基因表达的抑制有关。     

近25年中国正常男性精液质量的变化趋势分析

目的:研究近25年来中国正常男性的精液质量变化趋势。方法:通过文献检索,收集1985～2009年间我国正常男性精液质量检测报告文献115篇,涉及69个县市的23 126人。用直线回归法和秩和检验分析精液参数的变化趋势。结果:精子密度、精子非前向运动率(c%)呈显著下降趋势。1985～1989年、1990～1999年、2000～2009年3组的精子密度、精子总数的秩和检验显示组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:近25年来我国正常男性的精子密度可能呈下降趋势。     

纳米铜/聚合物复合材料宫内节育器对猕猴宫腔液t-PA、PAF、PGE_2水平的影响

目的:探讨纳米铜/聚合物复合材料宫内节育器(IUD)对置器后子宫出血、疼痛的影响。方法:选择具规律月经周期且有生育史的育龄猕猴30只,分为空白对照组、裸铜组、生物材料组、低剂量纳米铜组(10μg/220mm2)、高剂量纳米铜组(20μg/220mm2),每组6只。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测各组置器后子宫宫腔冲洗液中t-PA、PAF、PGE2水平。结果:①与空白组相比,裸铜组宫腔冲洗液中t-PA及PGE2水平显著升高;②与裸铜组相比,纳米铜组t-PA及PGE2水平均显著降低;③除裸铜组PAF显著高于空白组外,其他各组间PAF水平无明显差异。结论:纳米铜IUD可减少对子宫t-PA和PGE2水平的影响,因而可能减轻置入IUD引起的子宫异常出血、疼痛副反应。     

精子核成熟度与精液参数关系研究

目的:研究精子核成熟度与精液参数关系。方法:49例精液标本,其中生育组15例,不育组34例。应用精子质量自动检测系统(CASA)进行精子密度、活力分析,伊红染色进行活率分析,联苯胺染色评价精液白细胞,采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法分析精子形态,用苯胺蓝染色评价精子核成熟度。结果:不育组苯胺蓝染色阳性率显著高于生育组(P<0.05)。形态异常精子组中头部异常、颈部异常、尾部异常、无定型、其它畸形精子组苯胺蓝染色阳性率均显著高于形态正常精子组(P<0.05)。苯胺蓝染色阳性精子率与形态正常精子率、活力、活率均呈显著负相关(P<0.05);苯胺蓝染色阳性精子率与精子密度、精液白细胞浓度均无显著相关性。结论:精子核成熟度异常可导致男性生育力下降,精子核成熟度是评价男性生育力重要参考指标。     

使用输精管内器械的男性绝育

这种输精管内的器械是由类似排成一线的,分级的外科结构成,即是由6个连续结合的直径一个比一个大的圆形小球组成,这6个连续联合的小球直径由0.7到1.2毫米。在输精管结扎的位置上,不做结扎,用水平切口的方法两侧插入这种不锈钢制的细丝。随后两次检查精液均阴性即认为受术者是无生育力的。这个手术称为输精管内部切除术,尽管6个月后任何精子尚存,结果手术病例的80%以上获得不孕。这种器具持久地遗留在植入输精管的那个部位,     

The effects of L-carnitine on sperm parameters in smoker and non-smoker patients with idiopathic sperm abnormalities

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of L: -carnitine on sperm parameters in patients with idiopathic sperm abnormalities. METHODS: In an academic reproductive care center, 170 patients including 48 smokers and 122 non-smokers participated in a before-after study. Men were given 1 g of L: -carnitine orally 3 x daily for 3 months. Sperm assessment was done before and after the treatment. Main outcome measures were sperm concentration, motility, and morphology before and after the treatment. RESULTS: L-Carnitine was effective in improvement of percentile of motile sperms, grade A sperms, and normal-shaped sperms. L-Carnitine significantly improved percentile of motile and grade A sperms in non-smokers. Only the change in the median percentile of normal forms was within the significant range in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that smoker patients should not be excluded from the treatment with L-carnitine based on smoking alone.     

Pentoxifyllin treatment of oligoasthenospermic men

A randomised group of 90 men with idiopathic oligoasthenozoospermia was subjected to control study with pentoxifyllin. Pentoxifyllin was given to 51 men 1200 mg daily for 3 months. The other group of 39 infertile men was followed during the same period of time. Significant improvement was observed, in treated group, in percentage of motile sperms and normal shaped sperms after 3 months treatment. This study emphasizes that pentoxifyllin is a relatively good drug for restoring sperm motility and morphology in oligoasthenozoospermic men.     

Inhibiting effect of artificial cryptorchidism on spermatogenesis

In order to provide a contraceptive method in man, an attempt at inhibition of spermatogenesis was made by means of thermogenesis induced by artificial cryptorchidism. This experimental protocol consists of pushing up the testicles into the inguinal canal and keeping them there, each day during waking hours, by means of an adapted athletic supporter. Fourteen men volunteered for this protocol during a 6- to 12-month period. They all had a normal semen analysis before starting the experiment. The total sperm count, the sperm count per milliliter, the motility, the motile sperm count per milliliter, and the total motile sperm count dropped significantly after the first or second month; they reached their lowest values after the sixth month and remained stable during the next 6 months. At that time the average values reached were a total sperm count of 12 to 34 X 10(6)/ejaculate, a sperm count of 3 to 10 X 10(6)/ml, a motility of 21% to 34%, a motile sperm count of 1 to 3 X 10(6)/ml, and a total motile sperm count of 4 to 12 X 10(6)/ejaculate.     

整合素亚基α_5、β_1在人精子的表达及其与受精的关系

目的 :研究精子表面整合素亚基 α5、β1的表达及其与精子功能状态和受精力的关系 ;整合素亚基 α5、β1的表达与不明原因不育症的关系。方法 :1 3例生育力正常男性的精液标本 ,9例临床诊断为不明原因不育症患者的精液标本。以精子穿透去透明带的金黄地鼠卵行体外受精试验 (SPA)检测精子受精力 ;对新鲜、获能和孕酮诱导顶体反应后精子行间接免疫荧光染色 ,流式细胞仪检测精子表面整合素亚基α5、β1表达阳性的精子百分率。以三色法染色 ,观察精子顶体反应的发生率。结果 :流式细胞仪检测显示正常组新鲜精子表面α5亚基的表达 (1 3 .3± 5 .4% )与对照组 (1 0 .7± 6 .4% )无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。获能组精子表面 α5亚基的表达率 (6 5 .7± 1 7.6 % )比新鲜组和对照组显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 )。孕酮诱导顶体反应后 ,α5亚基的表达率 (6 5 .3± 1 8.9% )比新鲜组和对照组显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但与获能精子组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。β1亚基的表达率分别为新鲜组1 2 .9± 7.4% ,获能组 1 5 .9± 7.9% ,诱导顶体反应组 1 6 .9± 6 .2 % ,与对照组 (分别为 :9.3± 3 .4% ,1 7.3± 7.8% ,1 2 .2± 8.7% )比较均无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。获能精子表面α5亚基的阳性表达率与受精率有一定的线性相关 (r=0 .     

Using two different thawing temperatures and their effect on the motility recovery of human cryopreserved sperms in cancer patients

Human sperm cryopreservation is a widely used technique which helps the male partner for the fertility insurance by preserving their sperms for a long time. Cancer patients suffer from low semen quality especially who undergo chemotherapy or radiation treatments may face complete loss of their sperm production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different thawing temperature (37?°C & 40?°C) on sperm motility recovery after cryopreservation-involving four types of cancer tumors at variable ages between 16 and 42?years- to help cancer patient for storage their sperms. A detailed semen analysis was collected under guidelines for 30 samples. The samples were then analysed and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The semen samples were subsequently thawed at 37?°C & 40°Cfor 3?min. This was then followed by statistical analysis of the comparative motilities. Results: thawing of cryopreserved human sperm at 40?°C results in a statistically significant increase in motility recovery compared with thawing at 37?°C.     

雷公藤单体T4对大鼠变态期精子细胞核蛋白转换的影响

大鼠喂服雷公藤单体Ｔ４７周后，取睾丸分离长形精子细胞核，取附睾分离精子核，提取总碱性核蛋白（ＴＮＢＰ），经电泳扫描后分析，发现长形精子细胞核ＴＨ／ＲＰ（总组蛋白／大鼠精核蛋白）比值升高，糖核蛋白含量下降，附睾精子核碱性蛋白也发生类似的改变，表明睾丸变态期精子细胞组蛋白一精核蛋白取代反应受阻，进而导致附睾精子核蛋白异常，这可能是Ｔ４导致大鼠不育的重要原因。文中还对精核蛋白与生育力的关系予以讨论。     

Comparison of protective media and freezing techniques for cryopreservation of human semen

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of cryopreservation medium and freezing-thawing techniques on human sperm motility and morphology. STUDY DESIGN: 63 semen samples were obtained from 39 donors to the artificial insemination programme. Possible effects of the sperm dilution with cryomedium on the motility were examined 10 min after exposure of 24 high initial quality semen samples to TEST-yolk ?zwitterion-citrate-egg yolk extender containing TES [N-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methylaminoethane sulfonic acid] and Tris [(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane]? and human sperm preservation medium (HSPM). Post-thaw sperm motility from 24 frozen semen samples was examined comparing the cryoprotective efficacy of TEST-yolk and HSPM following different freezing techniques (vapour freezing, fast programmable freezing and slow programmable freezing). The relationship of sperm morphology to the effects of freezing was investigated on 39 semen samples following different freezing techniques. Post-thaw sperm motility from 39 frozen semen samples was compared among three groups divided according to the percentage of morphologically normal cells (<40, 40-50 and >50%) in fresh semen. RESULTS: Exposure of spermatozoa to cryomedia for 10 min at room temperature significantly reduced motility in TEST-yolk treatment group for 9% and in HSPM treatment group for 18% (P<0.01). The recovery of motile sperms (mean+/-standard deviation) was 49+/-15.7, 43+/-15.2 and 52+/-16.8% when TEST-yolk was used and 34+/-17.8, 32+/-18.2 and 50+/-13.6% when HSPM was used as a cryopreservative following vapour freezing, and fast and slow programmable freezing, respectively. Following vapour freezing and also following fast programmable freezing, the recovery of motile sperm was significantly higher (P<0.05) after addition of TEST-yolk medium than after addition of HSPM. Post-thaw motility of the sperm cryopreserved in HSPM showed significant differences (P<0.05) after three different freezing techniques. The recovery of motile sperms was 57+/-26.4, 38+/-8.6 and 38+/-17.3% in groups with >50, 40-50 and <40% morphologically normal cells, respectively. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was reduced 8% after vapour freezing and 6 and 3% after fast and slow programmable freezing, respectively. The results were statistically analysed using SAS/STAT software. CONCLUSIONS: Slow programmable freezing was superior to vapour freezing and fast programmable freezing as a method for sperm cryopreservation. However, none of these methods of freezing had discernible effects on sperm morphology. Motility of spermatozoa decreased due to the exposure of semen to cryomedium. TEST-yolk was a superior cryomedium to HSPM. Fresh semen with more than 50% of morphologically normal cells showed the best recovery of motile cells after freezing and thawing.     

不育症患者精子X,Y及18染色体的荧光原位杂交分析

目的:分析不育症患者精子X,Y,18染色体的荧光原位杂交情况。方法:在男性不育症组中,2例无精子症患者从附睾抽吸获取精子、3例从睾丸获取精子、2例严重少精症患者从射出精液中找到精子。选择5例正常射出精液者作为对照组。应用荧光原位杂交法(FISH)检查精子X,Y以及18号染色体,比较两组精子染色体非整倍体的发生率。结果:不育症组睾丸精子、附睾精子的非整倍体率无差别,但不育症组精子与正常男性组精子比较,非整倍体总发生率、性染色体二体性率及缺对染色体率明显增高(2.8％vs0.58％,0.81％vs 0.19％,2.1％vs0.37％),P<0.001。结论:无精子症与严重少精子症患者的精子比正常精子具有更高的染色体非整倍体率,需要进行大样本的研究,为不育症患者的治疗和遗传咨询提供有效的证据。     

17β雌二醇对人精子功能的非基因组调节效应及其机制的研究

目的：探讨17β雌二醇对人精子功能非基因组效应的可能机制。方法：运用计算机辅助精子分析系统与人精子穿透去透明带金黄地鼠卵异种体外受精实验,评价17β雌二醇对精子功能的调节作用；精子经信号转导途径抑制剂处理后,再采用流式细胞术检测精子胞内Ca~(2+)浓度的变化。结果：1μmol/L和5μmol/L E_2-BSA能提高人精子的A级精子百分比、平均曲线运动速度、平均直线运动速度、平均路径速度(P＜0．05)；自身受精率偏低的继发不育患者精子经1μmol/L和5μmol/L E_2-BSA作用后受精率提高(P＜0．05),但对本身受精率较高的精子影响不大(P＞0．05)；应用腺苷酸环化酶、磷脂酶C和酪氨酸蛋白激酶特异性抑制剂分别作用后均明显抑制E_2-BSA引起的胞内Ca~(2+)浓度的上升(P＜0．05)。结论：17β雌二醇能显著提高精子的运动能力和受精率,17β雌二醇可能通过腺苷酸环化酶、磷脂酶C或酪氨酸蛋白激酶信号转导途径实现对人精子功能调节的非基因组效应,为改善人精子功能提供了可能的新途径。     

人与大小鼠精子中精蛋白mRNA的分析

目的 :研究人与大小鼠精子中精蛋白 m RAN存在情况。方法 :应用 RT-PCR法分别从人、大鼠和小鼠精子总 RNA中扩增得到精蛋白 (protamine) c DNA片段。结果 :人、大鼠和小鼠精子中均存在精蛋白基因相应的 m RNA,并发现头部畸形率高的精子中精蛋白 m RNA明显减少。结论 :精子的 m RNA有可能代表精子发生过程中某些基因的表达情况