显微血管减压术治疗椎-基底动脉延长扩张症致三叉神经痛患者的效果分析

目的探讨显微血管减压术治疗椎-基底动脉延长扩张症(VBD)所致三叉神经痛的安全性和效果。方法回顾性连续纳入2013年4月至2016年8月解放军第一七四医院神经外科(2例)及首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科(11例)采用显微血管减压术治疗VBD致三叉神经痛13例患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女4例;年龄37～72岁,平均(59±10)岁;病程4～240个月,病程中位数36. 0(9. 5,54. 0)个月;术前合并脑梗死1例,短暂性脑缺血发作1例;合并高血压病9例,糖尿病2例,冠心病1例; 10例术前均使用卡马西平治疗,2例术前行射频治疗;疼痛分布以三叉神经第2、3支分布区为主。术前及术后采用巴罗神经研究所(BNI)疼痛分级进行评分;术前行头部MRI检查(包括三维时间飞跃法序列)明确诊断。采用枕下乙状窦后入路行显微血管减压术。术后采用门诊及电话进行临床随访。结果 (1) 13例患者术前BNI疼痛分级:Ⅳ级4例,V级9例;经MRI及术中所见均符合VBD特征,三叉神经受压移位明显;责任血管分布为基底动脉6例,基底动脉+小脑上动脉3例,椎动脉4例; 12例单纯行显微血管减压术,1例患者在显微血管减压术基础上行选择性三叉神经感觉根切断术(SPPR)。(2) 13例患者均完成临床随访,随访时间24～64个月,平均(48±13)个月。13例患者术后即刻均有效(BNI分级I级),其中1例术后出现同侧听力下降;1例术后1年复发(BNI分级Ⅲ级),1例术后3年复发(BNI分级Ⅲ级),11例患者均为随访有效(BNI分级I级)。结论显微血管减压术对VBD所致的三叉神经痛短期疗效较确切,安全性较好,但因样本量少,且VBD属慢性进展性疾病,其长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛及合并舌咽神经痛的疗效观察

目的观察微血管减压术(MVD)治疗原发性三叉神经痛(TN)及合并舌咽神经痛(GN)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2015年7月—2019年1月收治的272例TN病人及2例TN合并GN病人的临床资料。结果 272例TN病人,术中发现责任血管267例,5例未见明显责任血管,术后即刻有效率为92.3%,无死亡病例,术后短暂听力下降9例,出现患侧面部麻木22例,幕上硬膜下血肿2例,脑脊液漏3例,颅内感染2例,小脑共济障碍1例。2例TN合并GN病人责任血管均为小脑上动脉、小脑后下动脉,术后症状立即消失,随访期间(1例随访13个月、1例随访55个月)2例病人症状均未复发,未出现吞咽困难、饮水呛咳、声嘶、脑脊液漏并发症。结论经小脑水平裂-小脑桥脑裂上肢入路治疗TN,可充分暴露三叉神经进出脑干区,并最大限度地保护岩静脉及其属支,减少对面神经、听神经及小脑的损伤。     

内镜辅助下微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛观察

目的探讨神经内镜辅助显微镜技术在微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法采用枕下乙状窦后入路微血管减压术治疗原发三叉神经痛患者47例,术中均采用神经内镜配合手术显微镜显露责任血管,分离后用Teflon棉隔开,无责任血管者行感觉神经根部分切断。结果发现责任血管43例,4例未发现责任血管,其中1例蛛网膜粘连严重,术后随访(3~14)月,40例疼痛消失,3例明显减轻,有效率91.49%,并发面部麻木5例,听力下降2例。结论神经内镜配合显微镜技术可避免遗漏责任血管,提高治愈率,有效降低术后并发症,是治疗三叉神经痛安全有效的方法。     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中责任血管的解剖分析对手术疗效的影响

目的分析面肌痉挛（hemifacial spasm，HFS）患者颅内责任血管与面神经之间的解剖关系，为HFS显微血管减压术（microsurgical neumvascular decompression，MVD）提供解剖学依据。方法回顾性分析106例经显微血管减压术治疗的面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。术前均行三维时间飞越法磁共振血管造影（3D-TOF-MRA）检查，了解面神经受压迫是否存在责任血管及其来源与走向。采用枕下乙状窦后小脑下外侧入路显露面神经脑干段，仔细观察责任血管及其来源后将其推移，在责任血管与脑干之间放置Teflon减压垫棉。结果3D-TOF-MRA检查显示面神经被微小血管压迫的阳性率达92％。术中发现全部病例均有明确的责任血管，其中小脑前下动脉占66％（70／106）。34例患者中发现面神经根区（root exit zone，REZ）存在明显的压迫切迹。术后104例抽搐症状立即完全消失；2例抽搐症状明显好转，3个月内延迟治愈，总有效率为100％。结论血管压迫可能是面肌痉挛的主要病因。术中REZ的显露、准确判断责任血管、面神经REZ的充分减压，以及垫棉的大小和放置的位置等，是影响手术疗效的重要因素。     

微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛88例临床分析

目的探讨微血管减压术(MVD)治疗原发性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法回顾该科微血管减压术治疗88例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床资料,结合术中所见、手术疗效及并发症进行临床分析。结果 88例患者术中发现有责任血管压迫84例,无血管压迫而仅见蛛网膜粘连4例。术后疼痛完全消失80例,疼痛减轻7例,无效1例。随访6个月~5年未见一例复发。术后并发症发生恶心、呕吐及眩晕8例,面部感觉麻木8例,面瘫3例,听力下降2例,切口愈合不良1例,皮下积液5例,脑脊液耳漏1例。无死亡及致残患者。结论微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛安全有效。     

微血管减压术治疗椎-基底动脉延长扩张症致三叉神经痛患者的效果分析

目的初步探讨微血管减压术治疗椎-基底动脉延长扩张症(VBD)导致三叉神经痛患者的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性连续纳入2013年1月至2016年8月在首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科收治由VBD导致的三叉神经痛患者16例。所有患者术前接受MR血管成像检查,明确三叉神经与周围血管的解剖关系。采用枕下乙状窦后入路行微血管减压术,术后随访12~52个月。采用巴罗神经学研究所三叉神经痛评分(BNI)标准,评价患者的术前、术后及随访期间的疼痛程度。结果 16例患者中,15例术后即刻疼痛消失,BNI疼痛分级为Ⅰ级;1例术后疼痛无明显缓解,术后半年疼痛逐渐消失;1例术后听力较术前下降。随访时间为12~52个月,有3例分别于术后6、12、36个月疼痛复发,经射频治疗后疼痛消失。结论微血管减压术治疗VBD导致的三叉神经痛具有较好的安全性和手术疗效,但有一定疼痛复发率,其原因有待进一步研究。     

显微血管减压神经移位技术治疗三叉神经痛术中静脉压迫4例报道

显微血管减压术(microvascular decompression,MVD)是治疗三叉神经痛的主要方法之一,有效率高、复发率低[1].手术中要求全程减压,仔细寻找责任血管.压迫三叉神经的血管主要为小脑上动脉,小脑前下、后下动脉及椎动脉,部分病例责任血管为岩静脉及分支[2].静脉压迫时,因静脉短、游离度低,血管壁薄、...     

显微血管减压术治疗35例原发性三叉神经痛患者疗效分析

目的 探讨显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛(PTN)的手术技巧以及手术效果.方法 回顾性分析35例原发性三又神经痛患者显微血管减压术的手术操作、治疗效果以及并发症.结果 术中将微血管隔开、减压后,34例患者疗效显著,无脑脊液漏等严重并发症发生,1例复发.结论 显微血管减压手术是治疗原发性三义神经痛的有效治疗方法.     

改良微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛疗效观察

目的观察改良微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效。方法将42例原发性三叉神经痛患者随机分为2组。改良组（11例）采用改良微血管减压术治疗,即术中应用患者自身桥小脑脚硬膜或人工可缝合硬膜将单纯压迫在三叉神经上方或外侧方的血管包裹“悬吊”,从而达到减压目的;对照组（31例）采用传统微血管减压术治疗。结果对照组术后疼痛完全缓解27例,明显缓解2例,轻微缓解1例,未缓解1例;并发面部麻木感5例,外耳道异物感3例,听力下降1例;术后随访复发I例。该良组术后疼痛均完全缓解,无面部麻木等并发症,随访无复发。结论改良微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛安全有效,且可减少术后复发。     

全内镜枕下锁孔入路血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的体会

目的探讨全内镜枕下锁孔入路血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析宁波市鄞州第二医院神经外科自2019年5月至2020年7月收治的面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。所有患者均于内镜下减压面神经根部（即出脑干区、离脑干区以及移行区）责任血管,术后随访5~19个月,评价其治疗效果。 结果本组患者责任血管分为2类：（1）单一血管组：小脑前下动脉（AICA）共21例（60%）;小脑后下动脉（PICA）共2例（5.7%）;（2）复合血管组：AICA+PICA 4例（11.4%）,PICA+椎动脉（VA）4例（11.4%）,AICA+VA 3例（8.6%）,AICA+PICA+VA 1例（2.9%）。所有患者均未见静脉压迫。术后痊愈者33例,明显缓解者2例。 结论经枕下锁孔入路,内镜下可清晰观察面神经根以及责任血管并实施减压手术,术后效果良好。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的经验总结及分析

目的总结分析显微血管减压术（MVD）治疗面肌痉挛（HFS）的手术经验。 方法回顾性分析辽宁省人民医院神经外科自2017年1月至2018年12月收治的414例行MVD治疗HPS患者的临床资料,观察手术有效率及并发症的发生率。 结果所有患者随访18~52个月,平均40.8个月,无死亡病例。术后即刻有效率为98.07%（406/414）,并发症主要包括听力下降、耳鸣、头晕、迟发性面瘫及脑脊液瘘等,但多为一过性,术中责任血管多数为小脑后下动脉,其后是小脑前下动脉和椎动脉参与压迫;远期有效率为99.03%（410/414）,远期并发症主要包括听力下降,耳聋及耳鸣等,暂无复发病例。 结论MVD手术是一种安全、有效的治疗HPS方法,熟练的掌握MVD手术技巧、术中耐心细致的处理和术后谨慎防治并发症,奠定了一台MVD手术成功的基础。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy benefits in patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia

A significant number of patients suffers from refractory trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after receiving microvascular decompression (MVD) or other neuro-destructive procedure such as gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS). This study aims to demonstrate a remediable, reproducible approach to treating refractory pain effectively by percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy (RF-TR).A total of 392 patients with TN were treated by RF-TR during the past 10 years. Among these patients, 48 cases who had received either MVD, GKRS alone, or a combination of both were assigned to group A. Those who had not received any form of treatment (125 patients) or failed to respond medically (130 patients) were assigned as the control group (group B). All the RF-TR were performed by a single surgeon with the aid of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT)-based neuronavigation with magnetic resonance (MR) image fusion. The outcome measure was the numerical rating scale (NRS) expressed subjectively by patients. The paired Student t test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used for statistical analysis.In group A, 21 of 24 patients (88%) had significant improvement (NRS change ≥5) in facial pain after RF-TR. The average NRS score was 9.75 ± 0.53 before the procedure and 1.92 ± 3.35 post-treatment (significant NRS decrease [P = .000]). On the other hand, in group B, 226 of 255 patients (89%) also had dramatic amelioration of facial pain after RF-TR. The average NRS score was 9.46 ± 0.69 before the procedure and 1.62 ± 2.85 post-treatment (7.84 ± 2.82 in NRS decrease [P = .008]). By using a univariate ANCOVA, no statistical significance was found in NRS score improvement between the two groups.Repeated MVD and GKRS for refractory TN may be less desirable due to a greater risk of mortality (up to 0.8%) and morbidity (4% of serious complications). Conversely, RF-TR administration with the novel navigation technique by using iCT and MR image fusion is free from any remarkable and irreversible morbidities. In this study, RF-TR not only provided an alternative and effective strategy if TN recurred but also resulted in the same NRS score improvement regardless of the status of prior treatment.     

Results of pudendal nerve neurolysis-transposition in twelve patients suffering from pudendal neuralgia

PURPOSE: Pudendal neuralgia caused by nerve compression may be improved by surgical decompression of the pudendal nerve. This study was undertaken to determine if clinical symptoms, electrophysiological investigations, and the efficacy of preoperative pudendal nerve blocks could be used to predict the efficacy of surgery. METHODS: Twelve consecutive patients complaining of anal pain, genital pain, or both, exacerbated in the sitting position and unsuccessfully treated by analgesic drugs before referral were studied. In these 12 patients decompression of the pudendal nerve was performed after unsuccessful CT-guided injection of corticosteroids in the pudendal nerve at the ischial spine or after pain relapse following successful injections. Nineteen nerves were decompressed by surgery, and the compressed area was located between the sacrospinal and sacrotuberal ligaments for 18 nerves. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, four patients were totally relieved, and three were only partially improved. After 21 months of follow-up, three patients were cured, one was slightly improved, and eight remained in pain. In the three patients cured by surgery, pain completely disappeared for at least two weeks after a nerve block repeated twice before surgery, whereas pain relief was observed in only one of the nine other patients (P = 0.018). None of the three patients cured by surgery were being treated for depression, whereas six of the nine remaining patients were receiving antidepressants or were followed by a psychiatrist (P = 0.09). Results of surgery did not depend on other preoperative clinical or electrophysiological data. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study suggests that complete disappearance of pain for at least two weeks after a nerve block repeated twice before surgery may be the best criterion to predict success. Based on this criterion, surgery would have been performed in four patients in this study, of whom three would have been cured.     

支气管动脉CTA与支气管动脉栓塞术在反复少量咯血患者中应用

目的探寻反复少量咯血患者行BAE治疗后疗效以及BA-CTA对少量咯血患者手术的指导作用。方法我院2017年1月至2019年6月收治的反复少量咯血患者123例,其中介入组65例,介入组57例术前行BA-CTA检查,对照组58例,统计介入组技术及临床成功率,并发症发生情况,比较BA-CTA与DSA血管检出情况,比较两组1年内的咯血复发率、大咯血率及95%CI。结果将BA-CTA与DSA检出血管数量作比较,P<0.05,获得BA-CTA的敏感度为96.7%,特异性为100%。介入组技术及临床成功率为100%。介入组复发率16.9%,其中大咯血率为1.5%,对照组复发率34.5%,其中大咯血率为10.3%,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。介入组95%(CI为0.076-0.263),对照组5%(CI为0.219-0.471),介入组相对对照组的RR值为0.387。介入组术后3例偶有胸痛,3例偶有背痛,1例排尿困难,经对症治疗缓解。结论术前行BA-CTA检查可帮助责任血管检出,对介入手术有指导作用,反复少量咯血患者行栓塞治疗可有效降低咯血复发率及大咯血率,但是仍需更多研究证实。     

氙CT指导脑血运重建术治疗症状性前循环动脉狭窄及闭塞

目的 探讨氙CT脑血流灌注成像技术在脑血运重建术前及疗效评估中的作用。方法 回顾性分析15例症状性前循环供血动脉粥样硬化性狭窄或闭塞患者的临床资料,其中行血管内支架置入术8例、颈内动脉内膜切除术1例和颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉旁路移植术6例,对比术前与术后2周内氙CT检测的局部脑血流量(r CBF)及术后6个月改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分。结果 (1)12例术前靶血管远端血流灌注异常患者平均r CBF值为(30±10)ml/(100 g·min),术后为(32±14)ml/(100 g·min),与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.044);3例术前靶血管远端血流灌注正常患者平均r CBF值为(48±6)ml/(100 g·min),术后平均r CBF值为(50±7)ml/(100 g·min),与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)术后mRS评分改善8例,稳定7例。15例患者术后mRS评分为[1(0,3)]分,与术前[3(1,3)]分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访期间无一例新发神经功能障碍。结论 血运重建术可改善术前存在血流动力学障碍的症状性前循环供血动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的靶血管远端局部脑血流灌注及神经功能缺损症状,而术前氙CT脑血流灌注成像灌注异常可能较灌注正常患者获益更多。     

不同压迫类型的责任血管在面神经显微血管减压术中的临床疗效观察

目的探讨持续多模态电生理监测责任血管对面神经出脑干区（REZ）不同程度的压迫在面神经显微血管减压（MVD）术中的临床意义。 方法回顾性分析西安交通大学附属红会医院功能神经外科自2017年3月至2019年3月收治的行乙状窦后入路行面神经MVD的648例面肌痉挛患者的临床资料,术中监测侧方扩散反应（LSR）、脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）。根据术中观察到的面神经根部受压程度将压迫类型分为接触压迫（血管与REZ显微镜下仅见有接触）、压迹压迫（血管在REZ形成压迹）、合并穿支血管压迫（有血管分支穿过面听神经之间）、椎动脉复合体压迫,统计其病例数。观察术中受压程度与LSR消失的关系和术中BAEP变化。 结果本组患者术前、术中均可监测到LSR,术中635例患者LSR消失,其中分离血管后LRS消失者199例,垫离血管后LRS消失者436例;LSR持续存在13例,发生术中BAEP报警者79例,其中术后发生听力障碍者41例。 结论多模态电生理监测能够帮助术者更好的判断责任血管,血管对面神经根部的不同压迫类型与减压后LSR消失与否关系密切,LSR消失时机影响预后,并且增加BAEP报警的几率。     

心肌缺血时迷走神经对房室传导调节功能的研究

研究右冠状动脉阻塞时迷走神经对房室传导调节功能的影响。在离断自主神经的猫上,剌激双侧迷走神经,在结扎右冠状动脉造成缺血前后,通过模板匹配方法检测心腔的心房波,His束波和心室波,并自动测量AA,AH,HV间期。结果:在正常及缺血状态下,剌激迷走神经均可使AA、AH间期增大,HV间期不变,在起搏控制心率的情况下,这种作用更加明显。在正常供血时,剌激迷走神经使AH间期在未起搏与起搏时分别增加14%±5%和22%±7%;而在缺血时,剌激迷走神经使AH间期在未起搏与起搏时增加18%±7%和38%±14%,后者比前者提高了增加幅度的28%和73%(P<0.05)。结论:在急性右冠状动脉阻塞时,迷走神经对心脏房室传导调节功能增强。     

Importance of coronary artery spasm in alcohol-related unexplained syncope.

To examine the role of coronary artery spasm in patients with syncope after alcohol ingestion, we performed an intracoronary ergonovine provocation test in 7 male patients (39 to 73 years old, mean 54 years) with alcohol-related syncope which remained unexplained despite noninvasive cardiovascular and neurological examinations. No patients had structural heart disease or significant coronary artery stenosis. Ergonovine was continuously infused into each coronary artery at a rate of 10 micrograms/min for up to 5 min. Coronary artery spasm with ST-segment elevation was induced in 4 of 7 patients. Chest pain before syncope or history of chest pain were not present in 3 of 4 patients with a positive ergonovine test. Multivessel coronary artery spasm was induced in 3 patients. One patient presented with triple vessel coronary artery spasm progressing to near syncope as a result of profound hypotension and ventricular tachycardia during provocation. Coronary artery spasm was promptly relieved by intracoronary isosorbide dinitrate infusion. All patients with a positive ergonovine test were treated with calcium antagonist and did not experience syncope during follow-up. These results suggest that coronary artery spasm is one of the important causes of syncope after alcohol ingestion.