环状RNA脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白1在肿瘤中的表达及调控机制研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类呈封闭环状结构的非编码RNA。circRNA不仅调控人体的生长发育，而且在肿瘤的发生发展中也发挥重要作用。环状RNA脂肪非典型钙黏蛋白1(circular RNA fat atypical cadherin 1,circ-FAT1)作为一种circRNA，能够通过多种机制和信号通路调控肿瘤细胞的恶性生物学行为，有望成为一种新的肿瘤标志物。全文对circFAT1在肿瘤中的生物学作用、调控机制及其与患者临床病理特征间的关系等研究进行总结，挖掘其未来在肿瘤疾病防治中的潜在应用价值。     

环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA,circRNA）是一种共价闭合环状结构的非编码RNA,广泛存在于生物体中,具有结构稳定、高度保守性及特异性表达的特性。研究表明,circRNA可作为竞争性内源RNA（competing endogenous RNAs,ceRNA）,调控基因表达或结合RNA相关蛋白发挥生物学功能。circRNA在肿瘤的发生发展中扮演了重要角色,有望成为肿瘤诊断的生物标志物及治疗靶点。本文结合国内外的最新研究,对circRNA在肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

环状RNA和癌症

[摘要]环状RNA（circular RNA,circRNA）是一类新近发现的内源性非编码RNA,具有闭合环状结构,由RNA剪切而成。随着高通量测序技术和生物信息学技术的发展,circRNA 不再被认为是RNA剪切过程中的随机产物,其生物学意义和功能受到越来越多的重视。circRNA不具有5’端帽子和3’端poly(A)尾结构,所以其结构较其他非编码RNA稳定。circRNA与多种肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,因此被认为可能是一种新型生物标志物及治疗靶点。本文就circRNA 的特征、形成机制、生物学功能与恶性肿瘤的相关性进行综述,并对具有代表性的肿瘤环状RNA调控机制进行概括总结。     

环状RNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

摘 要：环状RNA（circRNA）是一类不同于线性RNAs,可形成共价闭锁环结构,在哺乳动物体内具有巨大基因调控功能的非编码RNAs,其主要来源于外显子或内含子,经索尾插接或套索内含子方式产生,具有数量巨大,进化保守、在细胞质中稳定性高等特点,具有microRNA分子海绵、结合RNA相关蛋白形成RNA-蛋白质复合物和基因转录调控等作用。CircRNA可与肿瘤相关的miRNA形成circRNA-miRNA轴参与肿瘤相关信号通路的调控。全文从circRNA的种类、成环机制、功能及其在肿瘤中的作用及最新进展等方面作一综述。     

circRNA在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circRNA）是3'-端与5'-端共价结合生成的闭合环状RNA分子,在肿瘤中可作为原癌基因和抑癌基因,通过海绵吸附miRNA、结合RNA结合蛋白、结合酶与相应底物、调控转录以及翻译多肽或蛋白等机制发挥重要的生物作用。circRNA通过circRNA-miRNA-mRNA轴影响多种肿瘤的发生与发展,具有肿瘤诊断和预后标志物的潜力,成为继miRNA及长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）之后又一个研究热点。     

环状RNA在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)作为非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)家族中的新成员,具有诱捕微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、调控相关基因表达、参与转录拼接等重要功能.近年来,随着对circRNA的研究不断深入,其在诸多疾病发生发展过程中所发挥的重要作用不断被揭示.消化系统肿瘤作为发病隐匿且预后相对较差的一大类疾病一直威胁着人类健康.随着对消化系统肿瘤认识的加深,关于其分子水平的诊断和治疗研究逐步成为新热点.本文将就circRNA与消化系统肿瘤的相关性,以及其潜在临床价值做一简要综述.     

circRNAs在肿瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA, circRNA）是一种共价闭合的单股环状分子,属于非编码RNA家族成员。circRNA以保守、稳定、特异、高含量为特点,可作为microRNA海绵调控靶miRNA的活性,并参与基因转录和蛋白生成的调控,逐渐成为非编码RNA调控网络的新星。circRNA在多种疾病的发生发展中发挥重要作用,并且在肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后等方面具有巨大的潜能,有望成为新的肿瘤生物标志物或分子靶向治疗靶点。     

环状RNA与肿瘤：生物标志物和主要调节因子

摘 要：环状RNA（circRNA）是一类新近发现的调节RNA,具有结构稳定、高度保守及组织特异表达等性质,其长度大小不一,常见数十到数千碱基对。研究显示,circRNA可作为肿瘤基因表达的主要调节因子,常见的作用方式是充当分子海绵吸附微小RNAs（miRNAs）来调节基因的表达,还可以通过直接调节转录和干扰剪接机制来发挥作用,因而与肿瘤的发生发展关系十分密切。虽然与线性对应物相比丰度较低,但它们通常以组织和发育阶段特异性的方式表达,加上共价闭环结构对RNA酶活性的显著抗性,这使得circRNA作为肿瘤和其他疾病的新型生物标志物显示出巨大的应用前景。全文就circRNA形成机制、功能以及与肿瘤的相关性进行综述。     

环状RNA：消化道肿瘤诊治的新靶点

[摘要] 环状RNA（circular RNA, circRNA）,作为非编码RNA（non-coding RNA）的重要成员,广泛存在于包括人类在内的多种原核及真核生物体内,对生命活动具有重要的调控作用,已成为非编码RNA研究领域的热点。与线性RNA相比,circRNA 呈共价闭合环状结构,具有结构稳定、序列保守、组织特异性、时空特异性等特点,在包括消化道肿瘤在内的多种疾病中发挥重要作用。circRNA 可通过竞争性吸附miRNA、调控基因表达、参与蛋白质翻译等多种途径,参与肿瘤的发生发展,在肿瘤早期诊断、疗效监测、分期分型、预后、耐药逆转等方面具有一定的潜能,有望成为消化道肿瘤诊断和治疗的新靶点。本文就circRNA 的结构特点、调控机制及其在消化道肿瘤的相关研究进展进行综述。     

环状RNA在神经胶质瘤中的研究进展

环状RNA（circular RNA，circRNA）是1种特殊的内源性非编码RNA，由前体RNA的3′末端与5′末端首尾相连形成闭合环状结构。主要通过可变剪接、转录调控、编码蛋白、抗病毒免疫反应、微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）海绵作用等发挥作用。circRNA在神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭等方面发挥关键作用。随着基因芯片的问世，circRNA有望成为1种诊断神经胶质瘤的新型生物学标志物，也可为预防、靶向治疗神经胶质瘤提供新的理论依据。     

Research progress of circular RNAs in lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite encouraging results achieved with targeted therapy in recent years, the early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer remains a major problem. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of RNA with covalently closed continuous loop structures, has structural stability and certain tissue specificity. Recent studies have found that circRNAs have an important role in tumor development and are expected to be revealed as new targets for tumor prediction and treatment. Research on the biological functions and regulation mechanisms of circRNAs in lung cancer is in its infancy but is gathering momentum. In this review, we discuss the properties, biogenesis, biological function, and research progress of circRNAs in lung cancer to provide a theoretical foundation and new directions for studies on circRNAs in lung cancer.     

环状RNA在肿瘤疾病中的研究进展

环状RNA是一种新型RNA,在生物体中具有microRNA“海绵”、RNA结合蛋白及核转录调节等功能。在肿瘤疾病中,环状RNA主要以miRNA“海绵”的形式发挥调控作用,促进或抑制肿瘤的发生和发展。此外,环状RNA还可以作为肿瘤早期诊断、预后评估的生物标记物,也可作为抗肿瘤治疗的靶标,具有潜在的临床诊断治疗价值。本文就环状RNA在肿瘤疾病中的作用机制及临床应用进行综述。      

Role of circular RNAs in gastric cancer: Recent advances and prospects

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA with special structure, which is widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms and mainly located in the cytoplasm. circRNAs participate in gene regulation by working as miRNA sponges that block the inhibitory effect of miRNA on its target genes. In addition, circRNAs can bind to RNA binding proteins to regulate gene expression. Based on characteristics of stability, expression specificity and participation in gene regulation, circRNAs are expected to be biomarkers for early diagnosis of cancer or potential targets for cancer therapy. With the help of bioinformatics analysis, circRNA microarray analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology, more circRNAs were discovered to participate in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) over the past three years. This article gives an overview of these recent research focusing on the roles of circRNAs in GC and highlights the advances.     

环状RNA在胃癌中的研究进展

环状RNA(circular RNAs，circRNAs)是一种新型的内源性非编码RNA，与其他线性RNA不同，其在真核生物的转录组中占有很大的比例。一般线性RNA具有3＇ 和5＇ 末端，而circRNAs的3' 末端和5' 末端连接在一起，形成环状结构，在真核生物中占很大的比例并显示高组织特异性表达模式。多种circRNAs在转录后水平通过抑制miRNA活性可以调节基因表达，其中一些促进细胞增殖并可望成为胃癌（gastric cancer，GC)的独立生物标志物。胃癌(GC)是世界上大多数地区重要的公共卫生问题，研究表明，circRNA表达谱可能成为胃癌的诊断、进程监测及预后评估的特异标志物，对胃癌患者的诊治及预后具有重要临床意义。笔者结合国内外最新研究报道，对环状RNA在胃癌中的研究进展进行综述，以期为胃癌的诊断、治疗与预后提供新的思路。     

环状RNA与卵巢癌研究新进展

环状RNA(Circular RNAs,circRNA)是一种特殊的环状非编码RNA,不易被RNase降解,在许多肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要作用。在这篇综述中我们主要总结了环状RNA在卵巢癌中表达、作用及作用机制的研究进展,以期探讨环状RNA在卵巢癌诊断治疗方面的开发前景。     

has_circ_0070512 promotes prostate cancer progression by regulating the miR-338-3p/hedgehog signaling pathway

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNA that plays a vital role in biology. circRNAs appear to have a role in the development and progression of several malignancies, according to research. However, circRNAs that regulate prostate cancer (PCa) progression are still largely unknown and deserve further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hsa_circ_0070512 on the function and mechanism of PCa. hsa_circ_0070512 was increased in PCa tissues and cells and was mostly found in the cytoplasm of PCa cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0070512 considerably increased PCa cell proliferation and migration, whereas silencing of hsa_circ_0070512 greatly decreased PCa cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, we show that hsa_circ_0070512 acts as a “molecular sponge” for miR-338-3p and that the miR-338-3p mimics partially block the pro-tumor effects of hsa_circ_0070512. RNA sequencing analysis of PC3 cells stably overexpressing hsa_circ_0070512 revealed that hedgehog was downstream of the signaling pathways of hsa_circ_0070512 and miR-338-3p. Our results implied that hsa_circ_0070512 regulated the hedgehog signaling pathways through miR-338-3p to enhance PCa growth and migration, providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for PCa.     

Tumor‐suppressive circular RNAs: Mechanisms underlying their suppression of tumor occurrence and use as therapeutic targets

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have a covalently closed circular conformation and are structurally stable. Those circRNAs with tumor‐suppressive properties play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis and thus may be used as therapeutic targets of cancers. Herein, we review the current understanding of the classification of circRNAs and summarize the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs that have tumor‐suppressive roles in various cancers, including liver cancer (circARSP91, circADAMTS13, circADAMTS14, circMTO1, hsa_circ_0079299, and circC3P1), bladder cancer (circFNDC3B, circITCH, circHIPK3, circRNA‐3, cdrlas, and circLPAR1), gastric cancer (circLARP4, circYAP1, hsa_cric_0000096, hsa_circ_0000993, and circPSMC3), breast cancer (circ_000911, hsa_circ_0072309, and circASS1), lung cancer (hsa_circ_0000977, circPTK2, circ_0001649, hsa_circ_100395, and circ_0006916), glioma (circ_0001946, circSHPRH, and circFBXW7), and colorectal cancer (circITGA7 and hsa_circ_0014717). Thanks to their structural stability, these tumor‐suppressive circRNAs may be used as potential and potent therapeutic targets. Moreover, we propose a new method for the classification of circRNAs. Based on whether they can be translated, circRNAs can be divided into noncoding circRNAs and coding circRNAs.     

环状RNA与肿瘤研究进展

目的 环状RNA(circular RNAs,circRNAs)是一种不同于线性RNA的新型RNA,其广泛存在于各种生物细胞中.本研究总结了环状RNA的生物起源、作用机制以及其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.方法 应用中国知网和PubMed中英文数据库,以“circRNAs和肿瘤”等为关键词,检索2014-2016年的相关文献.纳入标准:(1) circRNAs的生物学合成;(2)circRNAs的作用机制;(3) circRNAs在肿瘤发生发展中的作用.根据纳入标准,符合分析的文献35篇.结果 circRNA是一类新型非编码RNA,共价闭合环路所形成的环状结构是它的特征.这类具有组织特异性的转录本主要来自宿主基因的外显子或内含子序列.尽管已提出circRNAs多种生物起源模式,但是对circRNAs的了解还只是冰山一角.circRNAs的表达与多种痰病有关,并且可能作为该疾病新型诊断或预后预测的生物标志物.circRNAs可以调节与肿瘤相关的miRNAs的表达,这种circRNA-miR-NA-mRNA轴可以调控与癌症相关通路,既可促进也可以桔抗肿瘤的发生发展.结论 深入研究环状RNA在肿瘤的发生发展中所起的作用,有望在肿瘤的诊断和靶向治疗以及顸后判断方面提供新的思路.