胃癌淋巴管生成、淋巴管浸润及淋巴结微转移的临床意义

目的探讨胃癌淋巴管生成、淋巴管浸润及淋巴结微转移的临床意义。方法免疫组化法检测68例胃癌原发灶中D2-40的表达及其中51例胃癌的791枚淋巴结中CK20和CKpan的表达，结合患者的l临床病理特征进行综合分析。结果胃癌HE染色淋巴管浸润（LVI-HE）和D240染色淋巴管浸润（LVI-IM）的阳性率分别为66．2％（45／68）和76．5％（52／68），差异无统计学意义（P=0．118）。LVI-IM阳性率与肿瘤浸润深度（P=0．044）、TNM分期（P=0．003）及存在淋巴结转移（P=0．000）有关。68例胃癌平均淋巴管密度（LVD）为（18．19±7．44）个／HP.LVD升高与LVI-HE阳性（P=0．040）、LVI—IM阳性（P=0．001）、静脉浸润（P=0．037）、TNM分期较晚（P：0．020）及存在淋巴结转移（P=0．001）有关系。LVD值≥15个／HP者近期生存率较LVD值≤14个／HP者明显降低（P=0．032）。51例胃癌HE染色和CK（CK20或CKpan）染色检出淋巴结转移率分别为74．5％（38／51）和88．2％（45／51），791枚淋巴结的转移淋巴结检出率由HE染色的32．0％（253／791）提高到CK染色的41．5％（328／791），P〈0．001。CKpan的微转移检出率明显高于CK20（P=0．003）。微转移淋巴结数量与肿瘤大小（P=0．001）、LVIHE（P=0．040）、肿瘤浸润深度（P=0．018）及TNM分期（P=0．012）有关。微转移淋巴结的检出使淋巴结转移站别及TNM分期迁移：7例N0→N1，6例N1→N2，1例N2→N3；4例Ⅰb→Ⅱ，4例Ⅱ→Ⅲa，3例Ⅲa→Ⅲb，1例Ⅲb→Ⅳ。结论D2-40及CK检测在诊断淋巴管浸润和淋巴结微转移上优于HE检查。CK20和CKpan的联合检查有利于发现微转移淋巴结。肿瘤TNM分期越晚，越易发生淋巴结微转移。LVI-IM、LVD及淋巴结微转移三者都与胃癌淋巴结转移有关。LVD值较高者近期生存率较低。     

早期胃癌淋巴结微转移的临床研究

目的 探讨早期胃癌的病理及淋巴结微转移情况.方法 收集本院2005年1月至2006年12月之间共249例胃癌手术切除标本中的36例早期胃癌病例,用常规病理学方法(HE染色)及免疫组化方法(CK染色)对497个淋巴结(平均每例13.8个淋巴结)标本进行回顾性临床分析.结果 常规病理学方法检测发现4个病例共6枚淋巴结出现转移,而免疫组化方法发现8个病例(包括HE染色发现的4例)共20枚淋巴结出现转移,并且8例淋巴结微转移阳性的病例中2例癌组织位于黏膜层,6例癌组织侵及黏膜下层,提示早期胃癌淋巴结微转移与肿瘤浸润深度有关(P<0.05),并且免疫组化方法对淋巴结微转移的检出率高于常规HE染色(4.02%与1.21%;P<0.05).结论 免疫组化(CK染色)方法检测淋巴结微转移优于常规病理检查.肿瘤侵犯黏膜下层的早期胃癌更易发生淋巴结转移.     

胃癌中血管内皮生长C的表达与淋巴结微转移的关系

目的研究胃癌组织中血管内皮生长因子C（VEGF-C）的表达及其与淋巴结转移及微转移的关系。方法选取67例胃癌患者组织标本,免疫组化技术检测胃癌组织中VEGF-C蛋白的表达．常规HE染色检测所有的淋巴结：在HE染色检查未发现癌转移灶的淋巴结标本中,免疫组化检测微转移病灶的存在情况。使用SPSS16．0统计软件分析VEGF—C与患者临床病理资料以及淋巴结微转移之间的关系。结果67例胃癌组织VEGF-C蛋白表达阳性46例（68．7％）。所有病例的淋巴结总数为902枚：HE染色检查未发现癌转移灶的淋巴结总数为358枚,免疫组化检出存在微转移病灶者16枚（4．5％）。有淋巴结转移组和微转移组的VEGF—C阳性表达率为81．3％（26／32）和88．9％（8／9）,分别高于无淋巴结转移组的57．1％（20／35）和无淋巴结微转移组的46．2％（12／26）,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。胃癌组织中VEGF—C的表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤位置、分化程度和浸润深度无相关性。结论胃癌组织中VEGF—C的高表达与淋巴结转移及微转移密切相关。     

胃癌腹腔微转移检测及其临床意义

摘要：目的 探讨胃癌检测胃癌腹腔微转移的作用及临床意义。方法 选择 50例术前及术中检查均未发现腹膜转移的胃癌病例, 术中行道格拉斯窝处的腹膜活检并行HE常规染色和CK 20免疫组化染色检查，同时用RT PCR方法检测胃癌腹腔冲洗液中CK 20 mRNA的表达。结果 全部患者道格拉斯窝活检腹膜HE染色均为阴性。CK 20免疫组化检查的阳性率为24.0％（12/50）；RT PCR检测腹腔冲洗液中CK 20 mRNA的阳性率为36.0％（18/50）；CK 20免疫组化检查阳性的12例患者腹腔冲洗液中CK 20 mRNA检查均为阳性。CK 20 mRNA阳性率与胃癌浸润深度、组织学类型和淋巴结转移数目有关(P<0.05)。CK 20 mRNA阳性和阴性胃癌患者3年生存率分别为22.2％和62.5％(P<0.01)。结论 术前检查或术中探查未发现腹膜转移的胃癌患者,可行腹腔冲洗液RT PCR检查以发现有无腹腔微转移，该项检查可为胃癌正确分期、腹腔内辅助化疗及预后判断提供证据。     

在胃癌粘膜下浸润的淋巴结转移包括微转移的分布

在日本近年早期胃癌的发生率增加 5 0 %以上 ,常规组织学检查提示粘膜下层胃癌约有 2 0 %淋巴结转移 ,生物学方法更可检出淋巴结微转移灶 ,因此对微创手术方法提出了问题。日本 Kagoshima大学医院第一外科于 1990～ 2 0 0 0年曾为 118例粘膜下层胃癌施行了胃切除和淋巴结清扫 ,其中 SM1(粘膜下浸润 <0 .5mm) 4 4例、SM2 (粘膜下浸润≥ 0 .5 nm) 74例 ,获取淋附表　临床病理参数与微转移的关系临床病理参数 HE(- ) CK(- ) 72例 HE(- ) CK(+) 2 3例 HE(+) CK(+) 2 3例 P值肿瘤大小 (mm) 2 9± 14 34± 2 14 1± 19<0 .0 1浸润深度 :SM…     

pT1～3N0期胃癌淋巴结微转移检测的临床意义

目的 研究淋巴结微转移及临床病理因素对pT1～3N0期胃癌患者术后5年无瘤生存率的影响.方法 纳入我院2000年1月至2004年12月期间pT1～3N0期胃癌患者行根治术者120例2 106枚淋巴结,每例患者淋巴结9～28枚,平均18枚,所有淋巴结经HE染色均为阴性.应用免疫组化染色法检测淋巴结中CK20表达,并分析胃癌患者的临床病理特征及胃癌淋巴结中CK20表达对5年无瘤生存率的影响.结果 经免疫组化染色,有9.07%(191/2 106)的淋巴结出现CK20阳性表达;有26.67%(32/120)患者的淋巴结中出现CK20阳性表达,其中11例(9.17%)为微转移,21例(17.50%)为孤立肿瘤细胞巢(ITC).术后随访24～121个月(平均66.35个月).淋巴结中CK20阴性表达、ITC和微转移的患者,5年无瘤生存率分别为87.4%、78.3%和40.9%.5年无瘤生存率在淋巴结CK20出现微转移者中明显低于CK20阴性表达者(P＝0.000)和以ITC为特征者(P＝0.046),而仅以ITC为特征者与CK20阴性表达者间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＝0.253).淋巴结中CK20阳性表达与胃癌患者的肿瘤直径(P＝0.011)、浸润胃壁深度(P＝0.043)和是否有淋巴管浸润(P＝0.002)有关.所有临床病理因素对5年无瘤生存率均无明显影响(P>0.05).11例胃癌患者被检测出微转移,应划分为pN1(Mi)期,本组重新分期率9.17%.而88例胃癌患者淋巴结CK20(-)和21例表达为ITC,分别被记为pN0(I-)和pN0(I+),不建议重新分期,仍为pN0期.结论 对于pT1～3N0期胃癌,若淋巴结中检测出微转移,其预后较差,术后5年无瘤生存率较低,建议术后应予以积极的辅助治疗.     

早期胃癌CD44v6的表达及与淋巴结微转移的关系

目的：研究早期胃癌组织CD44v6的表达及与淋巴结微转移的关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法：对64例早期胃癌患者手术切除的原发灶行CD44v6免疫组化检测,对清扫的常规HE染色阴性的782个淋巴结行CK20免疫组化检测。结合临床病理学指标,对CD44v6在原发灶的表达和淋巴结微转移与肿瘤直径、组织学类型及侵犯深度等的关系,以及CD44v6的表达与淋巴结微转移之间的关系进行分析。结果：64例早期胃癌患者23例CD44v6染色阳性,6例14个淋巴结内有微转移。23例CD44 v6表达阳性的患者中4例（17.39%）发生微转移,31例CD44v6表达阴性的患者中2例（6.45%）发生微转移。结论：淋巴结微转移与肿瘤直径、组织学类型及侵犯深度相关。CD44v6染色阳性与肿瘤直径和组织学类型无关,但与侵犯深度相关。原发灶CD44染色阳性与淋巴结微转移有相关性。     

胃癌腹膜微转移的临床研究

目的:研究胃癌患者腹膜微转移的相关因素及临床意义,为临床手术切除范围探寻理论依据.方法:应用CK19和CK20免疫组织化学方法,检测62例胃癌患者横结肠系膜前叶、胰腺被膜、网膜囊后壁和盆底腹膜组织,并与HE染色及腹腔灌洗液细胞学检查对比.结果:62例胃癌患者的腹膜组织常规病理HE染色均未见癌细胞,免疫组织化学证实腹膜微转移阳性率为43.55%(27/62),远高于腹腔灌洗液癌细胞的14.52%(9/62).胃癌腹膜微转移与肿瘤的大小、浸润深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),而与肿瘤的部位、患者年龄、性别无关(P>0.05).结论:用免疫组化方法检测胃癌腹膜微转移,可为胃癌根治术术式的选择和术后综合治疗提供可靠依据.对于进展期胃癌患者,应常规腹膜取材检测微转移,多点取材有助于提高微转移检出率.     

淋巴结微转移对结直肠癌患者预后的影响

目的 探讨pN0期结直肠癌患者淋巴结微转移对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析1998年1月至2002年12月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院126例行结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料.用免疫组织化学方法检测患者淋巴结细胞角蛋白(CK)的表达,了解是否发生微转移.Kap-lan-Meier法计算5年生存率,采用χ~2检验、Log-rank检验、Pooled over strata、Pairwise over strata分析性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤直径、大体分型、浸润肠壁深度、分化程度、血管浸润和淋巴管浸润及微转移对患者术后5年无瘤生存率的影响.结果 19.98%(406/2032)的淋巴结CK旱阳性表达,与淋巴管侵犯有关(χ~2=11.243,P<0.05).10个临床病理因素对5年无瘤生存率没有影响.淋巴结CK旱阴性表达、孤立肿瘤细胞巢(ITCs)和微转移的患者中,5年无瘤生存率分别为73%、68%和54%.ITCs与CK呈阴性表达的患者5年无瘤生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而微转移与CK呈阴性表达的患者5年无瘤生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对于pN0期结直肠癌患者,若淋巴结中检测出微转移,其术后复发率较高,预后较差,应予以积极的术后化疗.     

CK19表达及其在结肠癌淋巴结微转移诊断中的应用

目的：研究用免疫组化方法检测CK19及其在结肠癌淋巴结微转移诊断中的应用与临床病理意义。方法：取材于50例结肠癌病人肿瘤组织及癌周淋巴结255枚,同时进行HE染色组织学检查和抗角蛋白19抗体的免疫组化检测。结果：50例结肠癌组织中CK19表达均为阳性。255枚淋巴结用HE染色检查阳性者56枚(22．0％),皆同时表达CK19阳性;另20枚淋巴结HE染色阴性,而CK19表达阳性。50例中有12例淋巴结中发现微转移,其中6例常规组织学检查属淋巴结转移阴性而免疫组化染色诊断表现为转移阳性。占常规病理检查淋巴结转移阴性者的21．4％(6／28)。随着肿瘤分期增加,淋巴结CK19表达阳性率亦增加。CK19表达阳性者预后较阴性者为差。结论：CK19免疫组化法是检测结肠癌淋巴结微转移的敏感而便捷的方法,而检测结肠癌微转移有助于判断肿瘤进展程度与预后。特别对在筛选组织学检查淋巴结阴性但存在微转移的病人有实用价值。     

Micrometastasis in lymph nodes and microinvasion of the muscularis propria in primary lesions of submucosal gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: It is important to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of micrometastasis in lymph nodes and microinvasion in primary lesions for the treatment options with regard to submucosal gastric cancer. METHODS: We examined 1945 lymph nodes and 68 primary tumors resected from 79 patients with submucosal gastric cancer. Two consecutive sections were prepared for simultaneous staining with ordinary hematoxylin and eosin and immunostaining with anticytokeratin antibody (CAM 5.2), respectively. RESULTS: The incidence of nodal involvement in 79 patients with submucosal gastric cancer increased from 13% (10/79 patients) by hematoxylin and eosin staining to 34% (27/79 patients) by cytokeratin immunostaining. Micrometastases in the lymph nodes were found in 17 of 69 patients (25%), with cancer-free nodes examined by hematoxylin and eosin. Microinvasion to the muscularis propria was found in 11 of 68 patients (16%) who were histologically diagnosed with submucosal gastric cancer. Survival analysis demonstrated a lesser 5-year survival in the patients with micrometastasis in lymph nodes (82%) and with microinvasion to muscularis propria (73%). A high incidence of nodal involvement was found in submucosal cancers of large size (> 2 cm; 43%), a depressed type (48%), lymphatic invasion (73%), and deeper submucosal invasion (submucosal 3, 53%). A higher incidence of microinvasion was found with the diffuse-type carcinoma (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Cytokeratin immunostaining is useful for detecting micrometastasis and microinvasion in submucosal gastric cancer. Tumor size, macroscopic type, lymphatic invasion, and the depth of submucosal invasion are strongly associated with lymph node involvement.     

Occurrence and prognostic implications of micrometastases in lymph nodes from patients with submucosal gastric carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to assess the incidence of micrometastases of lymph nodes in patients with early gastric cancer invading the submucosal layer and to investigate the correlation between nodal micrometastases and malignancy potential to determine whether micrometastases of lymph nodes have prognostic significance, by use of an anticytokeratin immunohistochemical technique. METHODS: A total of 2272 lymph nodes taken from 88 patients (25.8 per case) were assessed by immunohistochemical technique by use of monoclonal anti-human cytokeratin 8 antibodies. Clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis were compared between patients with and without micrometastases. RESULTS: The incidence of nodal involvement by tumor cells in 88 patients with submucosal gastric cancer increased from 19.3% (17 patients) by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining to 31.8% (28 patients) by cytokeratin immunostaining. The rate of positive node in this study increased from 1.0% (23 of 2272 nodes) by H&E staining to 2.5% (57 of 2272 nodes) by immunostaining (P = .0002). No correlation was observed between the incidence of lymph node micrometastases and various clinicopathologic parameters, including tumor site and size, histological differentiation, Lauren classification, gross tumor type, vascular and lymphatic invasion, and perineural invasion. There was no difference in disease-free survival, estimated by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method, between the micrometastasis-negative and -positive groups (95% and 92.9%, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that tumor size and diffuse subtype by the Lauren classification were significant factors for survival time (P = .0042 and .014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical staining with an anticytokeratin antibody seems to be of little prognostic value in patients with submucosal gastric carcinoma. Thus, this immunostaining technique does not offer a significant benefit of different strategies for additional therapy or follow-up over conventional pathologic staging with H&E staining.     

Clinical impact of micrometastasis of the lymph node in gastric cancer

Micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes has been observed immunohistochemically, but the biological and clinical roles of minute nodal invasion of carcinoma in gastric cancer remain unclear. We used the anti-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) antibody to immunohistochemically detect nodal micrometastatic lesions that could not be identified by routine pathological examination. A total of 4203 lymph nodes were examined in 180 gastric cancer patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 36 of the 180 patients by routine pathological evaluation. Immunohistochemically micrometastasis was detected in the lymph nodes of 19 node-negative patients. Micrometastasis was not detected in any of the mucosal gastric cancer patients who underwent lymph node dissection. Gastric cancer patients with more than six metastatic lymph nodes all had nodal micrometastasis. Patients with micrometastasis had a significantly poorer survival rate than those without micrometastasis (P < 0.05). Based on the present results the presence of lymph node micrometastasis may provide a more accurate indication for surgical outcome in gastric cancer patients at the same clinical stage.     

Dukes‘B期大肠癌淋巴结微转移的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨免疫组化测定CEA检测Dukes'B期大肠癌淋巴结微转移的可行性及其临床意义.方法应用以CEA为目标抗原的免疫组化技术来检测42例Dukes'B期大肠癌的淋巴结微转移;并分析其对术后3年肿瘤复发转移的影响.结果在42例(330枚淋巴结)中;共有10例(16枚淋巴结)为微转移阳性,阳性率23.81%(10/42);微转移阳性组的3年肿瘤复发转移率为40%(4/10),明显高于阴性组的9.4%(3/32)(P=0.032).结论通过免疫组化测定CEA可以检测到Dukes'B期大肠癌淋巴结的微转移;微转移阳性者肿瘤容易复发转移;预后不良,应加强术后辅助治疗和随访.     

Distribution of Lymph Node Metastasis Including Micrometastasis in Gastric Cancer with Submucosal Invasion

Abstract The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the distribution of lymph node metastases, including micrometastases, according to the location of the gastric cancer with submucosal invasion. A total of 118 patients with submucosal gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. The distribution of lymph node metastases was examined according to tumor location. Immunohistochemical examination using anti-cytokeratin antibody was performed to examine nodal micrometastases in 118 patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 19.5% (23/118) of the patients. Significant differences were found for tumor size and depth, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion for patients with and without nodal metastasis. The distribution of lymph node metastasis for tumors at upper or middle portions of the stomach was mainly found along the left gastric artery. The distribution of lymph node metastasis for tumors in the lower and lesser curvature varied. Immunohistochemical analysis found that 15 of 23 patients with lymph node metastasis found by histologic examination had micrometastases. The presence of two or more lymph node micrometastases was found in these 15 patients, and they were distributed in another stations, including distant nodes. The incidence of micrometastasis was 24.2% (23/95) in pN0 patients. Lymph node micrometastases were confined to regional nodes near the primary tumor. When planning minimally invasive treatment for submucosal gastric cancer, it is important to understand the distribution of lymph node metastasis, including micrometastasis, according to tumor location.     

Histopathological features of the lymph node metastases in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer]

Histopathological features of the lymph node involvement were studied in 104 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent subtotal esophagectomy combined with extended radical lymph adenectomy in cervicothoracoabdominal region. Metastatic involvement was found in a total number of 503 lymph nodes from 73 patients by histologic examination. The mean of long and short diameter was found to be less than 5mm in 125 (24.9%) of these 503 nodes. The involved area on the section was less than one third in 149 nodes (29.6%), and was significantly smaller in mediastinal lymph nodes than those in cervical or abdominal ones. Sixty-seven (13.3%) of 503 nodes were partially invaded by micrometastasis of 1mm or less in diameter. Micrometastasis also more frequently occurred in mediastinal nodes with a statistically significant difference. Extranodal proliferation (ENP) of cancer cells was found in 106 nodes (21.1%), and extranodal lymphatic and/or blood vessel invasion (ENly, v) was also recognized in 60 nodes (11.9%). Micrometastasis and ENP with or without ENly, v were found in 24 (32.9%) and 29 (39.7%) of 73 patients with positive lymph node metastasis, respectively. Postoperative survival rate in patients with micrometastasis and/or ENP with or without ENly, v was inferior to that in patients with neither of them.     

实时荧光定量PCR检测胃癌淋巴结微转移及其临床意义

目的使用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测胃癌淋巴结的微转移情况,并探讨微转移的临床意义。方法收集我院2010年1～6月期间40例行胃癌根治术切除的281枚和10例行胃十二指肠溃疡手术切除的39枚,共计320枚淋巴结标本,以CEA、CK-19和CK-20为引物进行qRT-PCR检测其微转移情况,并分析微转移的临床病理特点。结果 40例胃癌患者中有28例(70.00%)、31枚(15.35%,31/202)淋巴结检测出有微转移。10例胃溃疡的39枚淋巴结标本,HE染色检测和qRT-PCR检测均为阴性。淋巴结微转移的阳性率与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度和临床分期有关(P<0.05)。结论 qRT-PCR是检测胃癌淋巴结微转移敏感且特异的方法,对胃癌临床分期、判断预后以及治疗方案选择具有重要意义。     

Predictors of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer.

Data were analysed on 396 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent resection in this department; special reference was made to lymph node metastasis. Metastases were present in the dissected lymph nodes of 47 patients (11.9 per cent). The survival rate for patients with metastasis to lymph nodes was lower than for those without such metastasis (P less than 0.05). Lymph node metastasis was associated with larger tumour, a higher incidence of submucosal invasion, a higher rate of lymphatic vessel involvement, an advanced stage of disease and a non-curative resection rate of 6.4 per cent. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with early gastric cancer were large tumour size, lymphatic vessel involvement and invasion into the submucosal layer. In patients with these risk factors, lymph node dissection and postoperative adjuvant therapy should be performed in an attempt to prevent recurrence in the form of lymph node metastasis.     

早期结直肠癌淋巴结转移的基础和临床研究

目的探索早期结直肠癌淋巴结转移的规律和相关因素,探讨其治疗方法以及“高级别上皮内瘤变”这一新概念在临床应用中的一些注意事项。方法对复旦大学附属肿瘤医院1985年1月至2000年12月手术治疗的61例黏膜肌层浸润和黏膜下层浸润的早期结直肠癌病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对其中48例行根治性手术的病例选用细胞角蛋白(CK)的单抗、经免疫组化法进行淋巴结微转移的检测。结果黏膜肌层癌变时25%(4/16)的病例可出现区域淋巴结微转移,黏膜下层癌变时则有31.3%(10/32)的病例可出现淋巴结微转移和转移。在黏膜肌层和黏膜下层浸润的早期结直肠癌中,淋巴结微转移的发生和肿瘤大小相关,当肿瘤最大径≥3cm时微转移多见(P=0.031)。黏膜下层浸润时,淋巴结微转移的发生还和癌变的腺瘤类型(绒毛状腺瘤)、浸润深度(sm3)密切相关(P值分别为0.039和0.018)。随访发现11.5%(3/26)的黏膜肌层癌变病例,有局部复发、血道转移等恶性生物学行为表现。结论黏膜肌层浸润的早期结直肠癌病例中已可以出现区域淋巴结的微转移,当癌变浸润至黏膜下层时淋巴结微转移和转移的发生率更高。在早期结直肠癌的治疗中,选择局部切除手术需要慎重。当肿瘤最大径≥3cm、癌变腺瘤为绒毛状腺瘤或有证据提示黏膜下层浸润已达sm3时,建议选择根治性