间接ELISA法检测血清隐孢子虫抗体IgG及IgM的实验研究

目的　间接ELISA法检测小鼠隐孢子虫抗体诊断隐孢子虫病的敏感性和实用性。方法　经过方阵滴定检测确定最佳的酶标抗体的工作浓度和最佳的抗原包被量 ,进一步测定血清隐孢子虫抗体的光密度 ,并设立阴性对照组比较。结果　 10、5 0、10 0、5 0 0个卵囊剂量组和阴性对照组比较均具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;将剂量对数与OD490 值作相关分析 ,IgG的相关系数r=0 .990 ,P <0 .0 5 ;IgM的相关系数r=0 .95 4 ,P <0 .0 5 ;各组剂量对数与OD490 作回归分析 ,呈线性关系 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　间接ELISA法检测血清隐孢子虫抗体具有较高的敏感性和特异性 ,适合常规的流行病学调查     

结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测在结核病诊断中价值的研究

目的研究结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测在结核病诊断中的价值。方法对1232例结核病、非结核病的其他呼吸系统疾患患者及健康志愿者同日寸进行抗酸杆菌涂片、培养、PPD皮试及结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测。结果①结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测菌阳肺结核的敏感性为75．1％；菌阴肺结核的敏感性为68．9％；肺外结核病的敏感性为71．2％；诊断结核病的总体敏感性为72．0％，特异性为82．1％。②TB—SA血清抗体检测OD405值并不与PPD值成线性关系，结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测对结核病人的诊断不受患者卡介苗反应的影响。结论结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测诊断结核病有较好的敏感性和特异性，是结核病诊断和鉴别诊断的可靠手段。     

荧光双标记定量结核杆菌在肺结核诊断中的应用价值

目的　对痰荧光双标记定量结核杆菌检测法用于肺结核诊断的价值进行评估。方法　 135例肺结核患者和 6 0例非肺结核患者的痰液用荧光染色涂片、改良罗氏培养和荧光双标记定量结核杆菌法检测 ,同时测定血结核抗体。结果　菌阳、菌阴肺结核组荧光双标记法的敏感性分别为 83% ,5 3% ,特异性为 10 0 % ;血结核抗体的敏感性分别为 6 3% ,5 3% ,特异性为 95 %。结论　荧光双标记法诊断肺结核的特异性高 ,适合于临床应用 ,而敏感性有待进一步提高。     

肺结核病人支气管-肺泡灌洗液抗体测定初步研究

88例病人(肺结核33例、肺癌12例、其它肺部疾病43例)的支气管-肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中抗 PPD 抗体测定结果表明:结核组光密度(OD)均值为0.94±0.65;肺癌组为0.73±0.52;其它组为0.35±0.29。前两组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),而肺结核组明显高于其它组(p<0.01),3组间 OD 值分布有广泛重叠。其中48例(结核15例、肺癌4例、其它29例)同时作了BALF 中免疫球蛋白测定,各组 IgG 及 IgM 均明显升高,而 IgA 较低,提示肺结核病人的下呼吸道局部抗体反应主要是 IgG 及 IgM。     

结核抗体lgG/lgM检测在肺结核和肺外结核中的诊断价值

目的 探讨异种血清抗体检测技术在结核病诊断中的应用价值。方法 采用IgG/IgM抗体试剂盒分别检测102例结核病患者(包括73例肺结核和29例肺外结核)、223例其他肺部疾病患者和100例对照者结核感染情况,以临床诊断为标准评价该方法的敏感度和特异性,同时分别与痰菌培养及痰涂片平行检验的结果作比较,统计学分析采用χ²检验。结果 结核抗体IgG/IgM检测结核病患者的敏感度为74.51%、特异度为91.64%。结核抗体IgG/IgM检测肺结核和肺外结核的敏感度分别为82.19%、55.17%,肺内和肺外结核的敏感度差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),结核抗体lgG/IgM检测结核患者阳性检出率明显高于痰培养法和痰涂片法(P<0.05)。102例结核病患者年龄段分组分析,少年组和老年组检出率分别为58.33%、36%,远低于青年组和中年组的96.15%和89.74%。不同年龄组间进行卡方比较分析显示,P＜0.05,差异有统计学意义。425例标本中,共发现8例非结核分枝杆菌,其中6例胞内分枝杆菌, 2例脓肿分枝杆菌,lgG/lgM抗体检测均为阴性。结论 IgG/IgM血清抗体检测肺内、外结核具有快速方便、经济和较高的敏感度,适合用于临床结核筛查。     

胶体金免疫层析法检测结核分枝杆菌特异性IgG/IgM抗体对结核病诊断的应用价值

目的 评价胶体金免疫层析法检测血清中结核分枝杆菌特异性IgG/IgM抗体在结核病诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集结核病患者和健康人的血清样本共332份及其背景资料,采用胶体金法检测血清中特异性结核抗体IgG/IgM,与临床诊断和细菌学检测结果比较,使用SPSS 22.0统计软件对结果进行比较分析,以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果 胶体金免疫层析法检测结核病患者中特异性结核抗体IgG/IgM的灵敏度为41.15%、特异性为91.67%,检测菌阳和菌阴结核病患者的敏感性分别为51.38%和33.77%。在全部结核病患者中,特异性结核抗体IgG/IgM检测检出率(41.15%)显著高于痰涂片法(18.84%)和痰菌培养法(36.15%)(P<0.05)。结核抗体检测、痰涂片法和痰培养法三种方法联合检测阳性率为61.54%,高于单种方法检测或其中两种方法联合检测。结论 胶体金免疫层析法检测血清中结核分枝杆菌抗体具有灵敏、特异、快速和简便等优点,可用于结核病的筛查,同时该方法也具有一定的局限性,敏感度和特异度有待进一步的提高,因此不可单独用于诊断结核病,可配合痰细菌学、影像学和临床表现等进行辅助诊断。     

初治涂阳肺结核患者血清结核抗体IgG应用价值的再探讨

目的探讨初治肺结核患者血清结核抗体(TB-Ab)IgG检测的临床应用价值和其影响因素。方法回顾性调查1 911例初治涂阳肺结核患者血清TB-Ab IgG阳性率,并与同期涂阴患者健康人群进行对照;观察血清TB-Ab IgG阳性率与病灶范围大小,有无空洞,是否排菌及排菌量多少的关系,将所得数据作统计学处理;同时观察血清TB-Ab IgG与结核纯蛋白衍化物皮肤试验(PPD)二者之间有无相关性。结果初治涂阳肺结核患者血清结核抗体阳性率仅53.3%,初治涂阴者为20.5%,健康人群血清结核抗体阳性率0.4%;初治涂阳患者血清TB-Ab IgG的阳性率与病灶范围大小,空洞有无及排菌量多少均有密切关系。结论血清TB-Ab IgG检测在肺结核患者中的特异性和敏感性值得商榷,其临床应用和诊断价值有待进一步完善和提高。     

TB-SA抗体检测对结核病临床诊断价值的研究

目的对TB-SA(Tuberculosis-Specific Antigen)抗体检测用于结核病诊断的价值进行评估。方法2004年5—11月在山东省胸科医院住院的活动性结核病患者230例(菌阳肺结核60例,菌阴肺结核131例,肺外结核39例),非结核呼吸系统疾患者96例,无结核疾患的在校大学生健康志愿者41人,入选病例留取的痰、胸腔积液、腹腔积液、脑脊液标本同时进行抗酸杆菌浓缩集菌,结核杆菌培养,血清样本进行TB-SA抗体检测。结果活动性结核病人血清学检测TB-SA抗体总的敏感性为67.8%。活动性肺结核敏感性为67.6%,肺外结核敏感性为59.0%(P&gt;0.05);诊断结核病总的特异性为76.6%,在非结核呼吸系统疾患中为72.9%,在健康人群中为85.4%。结论TB-SA抗体检测是一种快速、简单、有较好敏感性和特异性的结核病辅助诊断手段,对菌阴肺结核及不易取得细菌学检查标本的肺外结核病、儿童结核病有较高的参考价值。     

TB-SA抗体检测对活动性肺结核临床诊断价值的探讨

目的对TB-SA抗体(Tuberculosis specific Antigen)检测用于活动性肺结核诊断的价值进行评估。方法选取活动性肺结核患者162例(菌阳肺结核78例,菌阴肺结核84例),无结核病患的健康查体者115人,同时检测血清TB-SA抗体、TB-DOT抗体和TB-PCR,入选的活动性肺结核患者连续三天留取3份晨痰标本,进行抗酸杆菌检查和分支杆菌培养。结果活动性肺结核菌阳患者检测血清TB-SA抗体敏感性为85.9%,菌阴者为72.6%,健康人群特异性为86.1%。结论 TB-SA抗体检测是一种快速、简便、有较高敏感性和特异性的辅助诊断活动性肺结核的免疫学方法。     

ELISA检测华支睾吸虫病患者血清特异性IgG_4的诊断价值

目的　探讨用ELISA检测华支睾吸虫病患者血清中特异性IgG4 的诊断价值。　方法　用华支睾吸虫成虫可溶性抗原进行ELISA分别检测华支睾吸虫病患者 (76例 )血清中的特异性IgG和IgG4 抗体及日本血吸虫病、并殖吸虫病、囊尾蚴病患者 (分别为 63、3 5、41例 )和健康者 (65人 )血清中的交叉抗体。　结果　检测 76例华支睾吸虫病患者血清中IgG4 的检出率为 93 .42 % ,检测 65例健康者血清中的IgG4 均为阴性 ,分别与检测IgG结果比较差异均无显著性意义 (P均 >0 .0 5 ) ;与其它寄生虫病的交叉反应率 ,IgG4 显著低于IgG ;诊断效率及阳性、阴性预告值分别为 96.45 %、10 0 %和 92 .85 %。　结论　用ELISA检测华支睾吸虫病患者血清中特异性IgG4 具有较高的诊断应用价值。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.