玉米花粉黄酮类物质对SD大鼠降血脂作用的研究

目的：探讨玉米花粉黄酮灶物质对SD大鼠降血脂效应，为玉米花粉黄酮类物质做降血脂治疗提供依据。方法：用高脂高胆固醇饲料复制SD大鼠高脂血症动物模型，给予玉米黄酮类物质以观察其治疗高血脂症作用，玉米花粉黄酮类物质，分别按400gm/kg,200mg/kg,100mg/kg体重剂量灌有给药，20天后，观察给药动物和对照组血清甘油三酯（TG）和胆固醇（TG）的变化情况。结果：给患高血脂症的动物连续20天灌胃玉米动物和对照组血清甘油三酯（TG)胆固醇（TG）的变化情况。结果：给患高血脂症的动物连续20天灌胃玉米黄酮类物质后，其血清胆固醇和甘油三酯含量与模型对照相比，均有明显差异，在三种不同剂量中以中剂量（200mg/kg)组效果最为显著。结论：玉米黄酮类物质对实验性高脂血症和高胆固醇血症均有显著的治疗作用。     

Effect of Transplantation of Fetal Liver Tissue on Regenerative Activity of Hepatocytes in Normal Rats

Regenerative activity of hepatocytes was studied in rats after transplantation of fetal liver tissue preexposed to low-intensity laser. Stimulation of the mitotic activity of hepatocytes by fetal liver tissue exposed to low-intensity laser is proven.     

Patterns of reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies HMFG1 and HMFG2 in normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma

Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique the expression of the epitopes in human milk fat globule (HMFG) membranes detected by the monoclonal antibodies HMFG1 and HMFG2 was studied in the normal endometrium and in cases of cystic glandular hyperplasia, glandular hyperplasia with architectural atypia (complex hyperplasia), glandular hyperplasia with cytological atypia (atypical hyperplasia) and invasive adenocarcinoma. Luminal reactivity with HMFG1 was seen in cases of normal endometrium, cystic glandular hyperplasia and glandular hyperplasia with architectural atypia. In contrast most cases of glandular hyperplasia with cytological atypia and invasive adenocarcinoma also showed areas of cytoplasmic reactivity. Reactivity with HMFG2 was scanty.     

Effect of Unfiltered Coffee on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Rats

To assess the role of unfiltered coffee upon carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. All rats were randomly divided into control group, CCl₄-treated, unfiltered coffee-treated and CCl₄/unfiltered coffee-treated. Hepatic damage was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of CCl₄ every other day. Unfiltered coffee was given as drinking fluid for 8 days starting the day before CCl₄ administration. Liver enzymes, plasma and liver tissue malondialdehyde were analyzed. Histopathological evaluation of liver sections was performed. Serum aminotransferase level significantly increased in CCl₄/unfiltered coffee-treated group compared to CCl₄-treated group, as well as, lipid peroxidation products in the plasma and liver tissue. In addition, histopathological findings including inflammation and necrosis were significantly confirmed these findings. Unfiltered coffee potentiates acute liver injury in rats with CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity.     

L-肉碱对NAFLD脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒体能量代谢及抗氧化能力的影响

研究L-肉碱对NAFLD脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒体能量代谢及抗氧化能力的影响.脂肪肝大鼠48只,随机分为对照组、肉碱组、运训组和肉碱+运训组.运训组和肉碱+运训组进行6周运动,肉碱组和肉碱+运训组每日灌胃一次肉碱(500 mg/kg).6周后各组大鼠进行力竭运动,即刻麻醉取出肝脏提取线粒体,测定线粒体呼吸链酶RCCI~IV活性及自由基代谢相关指标.与对照组比,肉碱组大鼠肝脏线粒体呼吸链RCCII,运训组RCCI、RCCIII,肉碱+运训组RCCI、RCCII、RCCIII活性均显著提高.与肉碱组比,肉碱+运训组RCCI、RCCIII活性显著提高.与运训组比,肉碱+运训组RCCI活性显著提高.与对照组比,肉碱组、肉碱+运训组大鼠肝脏线粒体GSH-Px活性显著提高;与对照组比,三组SOD 活性显著提高,MDA含量降低.与肉碱组比,肉碱+运训组SOD活性显著提高;与运训组比,肉碱+运训组GSH-Px活性显著提高.补充L-肉碱、运动、L-肉碱+运动均可提高非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝脏线粒呼吸链酶活性,提高线粒体能量代谢速率及抗氧化损伤能力,补充L-肉碱结合运动训练组效果更加显著.     

Free Radical Oxidation and Activity of Enzymes Catalyzing Biotransformation of Xenobiotics in the Liver of Rats with Experimental Acute Pancreatitis

The development of experimental acute pancreatitis in rats was accompanied by intensification of lipid peroxidation, activation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase, inhibition of glutathione transferase, and deceleration of aniline N-hydroxylation by cytochrome P-450 in the liver. Antioxidants inhibited lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes, but did not prevent inhibition of detoxifying enzymes.     

荞麦叶总黄酮对糖尿病并高脂血症大鼠血糖、血脂及血液流变性的影响

目的 :研究荞麦叶总黄酮 (TFBL)对糖尿病并高脂血症大鼠血糖、血脂、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)及血液流变性的影响。方法 :用链脲佐菌素和高脂饲料诱发大鼠糖尿病及高脂血症 ,口服TF BL治疗 12周 ,观察其对糖尿病并高脂血症大鼠的治疗作用。结果 :TFBL能明显降低高脂血症和糖尿病大鼠的血清LDL C ,升高HDL C ,降低血糖 ,改善糖耐量。降低血清MDA含量 ,降低血粘度。结论 :TFBL具有降血糖、调血脂、抗氧化、改善胰岛素抵抗和血液流变性的作用     

Lipid Peroxidation in the Brain and Liver of Rats during Acute Stress and Melatonin Treatment

We studied the effects of acute stress and exogenous melatonin in various doses on the intensity of lipid peroxidation in emotiogenic structures of the brain and liver of rats with different activity in the open field. Stress had no effect on the content of malonic dialdehyde in the hypothalamus, sensorimotor cortex, and liver of active and passive rats receiving physiological saline. The influence of melatonin on malonic dialdehyde content depended on the dose of this substance. The amount of malonic dialdehyde in brain structures (active and passive rats) and liver (active rats) increased after administration of exogenous melatonin in doses of 0.5 and 2 mg/kg, but decreased after treatment with the hormone in a dose of 1 mg/kg. Melatonin in various doses decreased malonic dialdehyde content in the liver of passive rats. The effects of melatonin are partly related to modulation of lipid peroxidation in central and peripheral tissues of the organism.     

低脂饮食和有氧运动干预对高脂大鼠脂肪组织蛋白激酶B表达的影响

目的 :观察低脂饮食和有氧运动对高脂大鼠脂肪组织中蛋白激酶B(PKB)表达的影响。方法 :选取雄性Wistar大鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为正常对照组 ( 10只 )和模型组 ( 30只 )。模型组大鼠给予高脂喂养 ,4周后 ,再随机分为 3组 :胰岛素抵抗组 ,继续高脂饮食 ;低脂饮食组 ,给予低脂饮食 ;有氧运动组 ,继续高脂饮食 +有氧运动。干预 6周后 ,蛋白印迹法检测大鼠脂肪组织中胰岛素刺激PKB表达的含量变化。结果 :低脂饮食组和有氧运动组大鼠空腹血糖 (FBG)、甘油三酯 (TG)、胆固醇 (TC)、内脏脂肪及胰岛素抵抗指数 (HOMA IR)下降 ,胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)显著升高。而PKB蛋白表达分别增加了 16 .1%和 19.2 %(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :低脂饮食和有氧运动能改善胰岛素抵抗 ,可能与增加脂肪组织中PKB蛋白表达有关。     

PC和KC在贮脂细胞激活过程中的协同作用

近年来，对人和实验性肝纤维化发病机理的研究焦点主要集中于贮脂细胞（ＦＳＣ）的病理学改变，而有关正常或不完全损伤肝实质细胞（ＰＣ）在ＦＳＣ激活过程中的作用少见报道。本文对正常和ＣＣｌ４损伤大鼠ＰＣ进行分离培养，观察ＰＣ和库普弗细胞（ＫＣ）在ＦＳＣ激活过程中的协同作用。采用ＰＣ、ＫＣ和ＦＳＣ分离培养，用流式细胞仪测定ＤＮＡ含量，免疫组化和图像分析对ＦＳＣ中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原和ＦＮ进行定量分析，液闪法检测ＦＳＣ中３Ｈ－脯氨酸掺入量。来自正常或ＣＣｌ４损伤大鼠ＰＣ条件培养基（ＰＣｎｃｍ、ＰＣｔｃｍ）对原代培养ＦＳＣ的增殖具有较强的刺激效应，ＦＳＣ内３Ｈ－脯氨酸掺入量呈现时间和剂量相关性地升高，ＤＮＡ含量在时间和剂量上也呈正相关的增加。单独用ＰＣｎｃｍ或ＰＣｎｃｍ＋ＰＣｔｃｍ合用时，ＦＳＣ表现出明显地转化特征，而ＦＳＣ内Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原和纤维粘连蛋白（ＦＮ）均显著升高。ＰＣ和ＫＣ对ＦＳＣ的激活具有协同效应，并呈现时空相关性，对ＦＳＣ内ＥＣＭ合成的协同效应与增加细胞总量及增加单个ＦＳＣ合成ＥＣＭ的能力有关。     

Sex Differences in the Association of Regional Fat Distribution with the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Study Objectives:

To describe sex differences in the associations between severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and measures of obesity in body regions defined using both dual-energy absorptiometry and traditional anthropometric measures in a sleep-clinic sample.

Design:

A prospective case-series observational study.

Setting:

The Western Australian Sleep Health Study operating out of the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Sleep Clinic, Perth, Western Australia.

Participants:

Newly referred clinic patients (60 men, 36 women) suspected of having OSA.

Interventions:

N/A

Measurements and Results:

Obstructive sleep apnea severity was defined by apnea-hypopnoea index from laboratory-based overnight polysomnography. Body mass index, neck, waist and hip circumference, neck-to-waist ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio were measured. Dual energy absorptiometry measurements included percentage fat and lean tissue. Multivariate regression models for each sex were developed. In women, percentage of fat in the neck region and body mass index together explained 33% of the variance in apnea-hypopnea index. In men, percentage of fat in the abdominal region and neck-to-waist ratio together accounted for 37% of the variance in apnea-hypopnea index.

Conclusions:

Regional obesity is associated with obstructive sleep apnea severity, although differently in men and women. In women, a direct influence of neck fat on the upper airway patency is implicated. In men, abdominal obesity appears to be the predominant influence. The apnea-hypopnea index was best predicted by a combination of Dual Energy Absorptiometry-measured mass and traditional anthropometric measurements.

Citation:

Simpson L; Mukherjee S; Cooper MN; Ward KL; Lee JD; Fedson AC; Potter J; Hillman Fanzca DR; Eastwood P; Palmer LJ; Kirkness J. Sex differences in the association of regional fat distribution with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea. SLEEP 2010;33(4):467-474     

血管紧张素Ⅱ在过度训练致大鼠急性肾损伤中的作用

目的:研究过度训练大鼠血浆和肾组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的变化及其意义。方法:健康雄性Wistar大鼠30只,随机分为对照组(n=6)和体力衰竭(力竭)组(n=24);建立大鼠游泳至力竭模型;于力竭即刻、力竭后6h、12h和24h,分别检测各组大鼠血清肌酐(Cr)、尿素(Ur)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)及尿γ-谷氨酰胺转肽酶(γ-GT)水平;观察肾组织结构变化和肾组织细胞凋亡;测定血浆和肾组织AngⅡ含量。结果:力竭即刻血清Ur、Cr、CK即明显升高,6h达高峰(P<0.05),24h恢复到对照水平;力竭后6h尿γ-GT明显升高,力竭后12h和24h升高更为明显(P<0.05);力竭即刻至力竭后24h大鼠肾组织结构变化轻微,但肾组织凋亡细胞明显增加(P<0.05);力竭即刻,血浆AngⅡ明显增高(P<0.01),力竭后6h～24h则逐渐降低,24h降低至对照组水平;力竭即刻至24h,肾组织AngⅡ进行性增高(P<0.01);肾组织AngII浓度与肾组织细胞调亡率呈明显正相关(r=0.76,P<0.01)。结论:过度训练大鼠血浆AngII浓度的变化主要参与力竭后早期肾损伤的发生,而肾组织中AngⅡ的增加可能通过组织细胞凋亡在力竭后延迟性肾损伤中发挥重要作用。     

肢体缺血再灌注时大鼠肠系膜微循环的变化

目的:观察肢体缺血再灌注(IR)损伤大鼠肠系膜微循环变化,并探讨其意义。方法:实验大鼠随机分为6组(每组10只)进行实验:非缺血对照组(Control组)、缺血4h组(I组)、再灌注20min组(IR20组)、再灌注60min组(IR60组)、再灌注120min组(IR120组)、再灌注200min组(IR200组),用BI-2000医学图像分析系统观察和记录各组肠系膜微循环变化,并分别测定各组血浆前列环素I2(PGI2)、血栓烷A2(TXA2)水平,计算PGI2/TXA2比值。结果:⑴肠系膜微动脉和微静脉管径变化:与Control组比较,I组无显著性变化(P0.05),IR20组、IR60组明显缩小(P0.01或P0.05),IR120组、IR200组显著扩大(P0.01或P0.05);⑵肠系膜微动脉和微静脉血流速度变化:与Control组比较,I组无显著性变化(P0.05),IR20组、IR60组、IR120组、IR200组依次减慢(P0.01);⑶再灌注后期,出现较严重白细胞黏附、聚集和白微栓的动物数量增加,甚至有微血管出血;⑷血浆PGI2、TXA2含量均于再灌注期先升高后降低,PGI2/TXA2比值于再灌注期降低。结论:大鼠肢体IR损伤时存在肠系膜微循环障碍,其发生可能与血管内皮功能损害、PGI2/TXA2水平失衡有重要关系。     

Immunoreactivity of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurons which secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (Vp): immunocytochemical evidence for a correlation with their functional state in colchicine-treated rats

Summary The specific immunoreactivity of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) or vasopressin (Vp) was studied both centrally, in the parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus, and distally, in the external median eminence. Control rats were compared with adrenalectomized rats and with animals supplemented with corticosterone or dexamethasone, either without additional treatment, or 24, and 48 h after an intraventricular injection of colchicine. In all groups of animals, colchicine induced a progressive and parallel decrease in both CRH and Vp immunoreactivity within the axons of the external median eminence. A semi-quantitative estimation of this axonal immunostaining showed that the decrease was clearly correlated with the axons' releasing activity according to the different functional states of the adrenocorticotropic system. Increased rates of hormonal release induced by adrenalectomy could be seen in the accelerated depletion of axonal immunoreactivity whereas corticosteroid supplementation had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the progressive intensification of the CRH and Vp immunoreactivity within the perikarya following colchicine treatment was further markedly enhanced in adrenalectomized rats and diminished after corticosteroid supplementation. Taken together, these data suggest that in these neurons, perikaryal hormone synthesis may be closely related to the releasing activity of the axon terminals. They further point to appropriate colchicine treatment as useful tool for evaluating the functional state of CRH and Vp neurons of the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus under various experimental conditions.     

Free-Radical Lipid Oxidation in the Brains of Active and Passive Rats during the Development of Post-Stress Depression

Free-radical lipid oxidation was studied in the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of KHA and KLA rats (Koltushi High and Low Avoidance) during the development of post-stress depression. After unavoidable emotional-pain exposure, changes in the free-radical oxidation of lipids were phasic in nature and had a clear structural specificity in the early phases. During the maximum development of depression, the most marked impairments to lipid peroxidation were seen in KHA rats in the striatum and hippocampus, while the greatest changes in KLA rats were seen in the striatum and hypothalamus. These data support the important role of the initial behavioral strategy in the pathogenetic mechanisms forming post-stress psychopathology. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 592–597, May, 2008.     

Serial measurement of hepatic lipids during chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer: a 1H MRS study

Hepatic steatosis is a hallmark of chemotherapy‐induced liver injury. We made serial ¹H MRS measurements of hepatic lipids in patients over the time course of a 24‐week chemotherapeutic regimen to determine whether ¹H MRS could be used to monitor the progression of chemotherapy‐induced steatosis. Thirty‐four patients with stage III or IV colorectal cancer receiving 5‐fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin (n = 21) or hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine with systemic irinotecan (n = 13) were studied prospectively. ¹H MRS studies were performed at baseline and after 6 and 24 weeks of treatment. A ¹H MR spectrum was acquired from the liver during a breath hold and the ratio of fat to fat + water (FFW) was calculated to give a measure of hepatic triglycerides (HTGCs). The methodology was histologically validated in 18 patients and the reproducibility was assessed in 16 normal volunteers. Twenty‐seven patients completed baseline, 6‐week and 24‐week ¹H MRS examinations and one was censored. Thirteen of 26 patients (50%) showed an increase in FFW after completion of treatment. Six patients (23%) developed hepatic steatosis and two patients converted from steatosis to nonsteatotic liver. Patients whose 6‐week hepatic lipid levels had increased significantly relative to baseline also had a high probability of lipid elevation relative to baseline at the completion of treatment. Serial ¹H MRS is effective for the monitoring of HTGC changes during chemotherapy and for the detection of chemotherapy‐associated steatosis. Six of 26 patients developed steatosis during chemotherapy. Lipid changes were observable at 6 weeks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Alteration of the Liver in Rats with Experimental Dysbiosis

We evaluated the relationship between pathological changes in the liver and the state of intestinal microflora in rats with experimental dysbiosis. Changes in the intestinal microflora were accompanied by alteration of the morphological structure in the liver. Enhanced proliferation of Ito cells served as an indirect evidence of damage to the liver. Ito cells did not undergo transformation into myofibroblasts that excluded the possibility of fibrosis.     

山莨菪碱预处置对大鼠ARDS血清及肺组织中细胞因子的影响

目的 观察山莨菪碱(654-2)预处置对大鼠油酸型急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)血清及肺组织中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α及IL-10的影响,探讨654-2治疗ARDS的理论基础。方法 经舌下静脉注射油酸复制大鼠ARDS模型,用酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清及肺组织匀浆上清液中IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-10水平。结果 ARDS组大鼠血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10含量和肺组织匀浆上清液中IL-6、IL-10含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05)。654-2预处置组血清和肺组织中IL-10水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01或0.05)。654-2预处置组血清和肺组织中IL-6、TNF-α含量明显低于ARDS组(P<0.01或0.05),而IL-8和IL-10含量两者无显著性差异。结论 IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α及IL-10在大鼠油酸型ARDS炎症过程中可能起重要作用,654-2可能通过抑制IL-6、TNF-α过度分泌而减轻肺损伤。     

Sources of systematic error in proton density fat fraction (PDFF) quantification in the liver evaluated from magnitude images with different numbers of echoes

The purpose of this work was to investigate sources of bias in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) liver fat quantification that lead to a dependence of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) on the number of echoes. This was a retrospective analysis of liver MRI data from 463 subjects. The magnitude signal variation with TE from spoiled gradient echo images was curve fitted to estimate the PDFF using a model that included monoexponential R₂* decay and a multi‐peak fat spectrum. Additional corrections for non‐exponential decay (Gaussian), bi‐exponential decay, degree of fat saturation, water frequency shift and noise bias were introduced. The fitting error was minimized with respect to 463 × 3 = 1389 subject‐specific parameters and seven additional parameters associated with these corrections. The effect on PDFF was analyzed, notably the dependence on the number of echoes. The effects on R₂* were also analyzed. The results showed that the inclusion of bias corrections resulted in an increase in the quality of fit (r²) in 427 of 463 subjects (i.e. 92.2%) and a reduction in the total fitting error (residual norm) of 43.6%. This was largely a result of the Gaussian decay (57.8% of the reduction), fat spectrum (31.0%) and biexponential decay (8.8%) terms. The inclusion of corrections was also accompanied by a decrease in the dependence of PDFF on the number of echoes. Similar analysis of R₂* showed a decrease in the dependence on the number of echoes. Comparison of PDFF with spectroscopy indicated excellent agreement before and after correction, but the latter exhibited lower bias on a Bland–Altman plot (1.35% versus 0.41%). In conclusion, correction for known and expected biases in PDFF quantification in liver reduces the fitting error, decreases the dependence on the number of echoes and increases the accuracy.     

Prooxidant-Antioxidant Balance in the Prostate and Blood of Rats with Sulpyride-Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia Corrected with Prostatilen

We studied the effects of 30-day injections of sulpyride and treatment with Prostatilen on the development of prostatic hyperplasia and LPO in rats. Sulpyride induced proliferation of lateral lobes, increased the content of lipid hydroperoxides and glutathione peroxidase activity in the gland; in the blood this preparation increased lipid hydroperoxide concentration and decreased glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant activity. Prostatilen prevented the development of hyperplasia and normalized the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in tissues, except total antioxidant activity of the blood.__________Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 139, No. 3, pp. 313–315, March, 2005