X线乳腺摄影与超声检查对乳腺黏液腺癌的诊断比较

目的：比较X线乳腺摄影与超声检查在乳腺黏液腺癌诊断中的临床应用。方法对乳腺黏液腺癌患者行X线乳腺摄影检查及乳腺超声检查,进行分析比较。结果72例乳腺粘液癌患者中包括42例单纯型乳腺粘液癌和30例混合型乳腺粘液癌,并且不同类型乳腺粘液癌其形态学特点并不相同;根据BI‐RADS标准诊断标准,X线乳腺摄影检查43例与病情相符,符合率为59．7﹪;而超声检查符合例数为64例符合率为83．3﹪,二者相比,差异具有统计学意义, P＜0．05。结论对于乳腺粘液癌超声检查诊断正确性高于X线乳腺摄影检查。     

微小乳腺癌的全数字化乳腺摄影诊断分析

目的 探讨微小乳腺癌的X线特征.方法 回顾性分析行全数字化乳腺摄影(FFDM)检查并经手术病理证实的41例微小乳腺癌的X线特征、病理类型及癌灶大小与淋巴结转移之间的关系.结果 41例微小乳腺癌发生于左侧乳腺22例(53.66%),右侧乳腺19例(46.34%).X线表现:肿块23例(56.10%),单纯钙化7例(17.07%),结构扭曲5例(12.20%),非对称性致密影6例(14.63%).病理学结果:浸润性导管癌34例,黏液癌1例,非特异性导管癌2例,浸润性导管内癌1例,单纯癌1例,鳞癌1例,小管癌1例.微小乳腺癌同侧淋巴结转移率(4.9%)明显低于同期大乳腺癌组(27.3%)(χ2=6.620 3,P<0.05).结论 微小乳腺癌淋巴结转移率低,全数字化乳腺摄影对诊断微小乳腺癌有重要价值.     

乳腺MRI检查对乳腺X线摄影中腺体结构扭曲的诊断价值

【摘要】目的：探讨乳腺MRI检查对乳腺X线摄影中结构扭曲表现的诊断价值。方法：搜集2014年1月1日-2015年3月10日本院行乳腺X线摄影检查患者的相关临床、影像及病理资料,连续性纳入乳腺X线摄影诊断为腺体结构扭曲且术前行乳腺MRI检查的患者,排除病变部位有既往外伤或手术史的患者。最终入组32例病例,其中22例单纯结构扭曲,10例合并微钙化、局灶不对称致密或肿块等征象。分别分析X线摄影腺体结构扭曲伴有其他征象者、单纯性结构扭曲者的阳性预测值（PPV）及进一步MRI检查对诊断效能的影响。结果：乳腺X线摄影表现为腺体结构扭曲且有伴随征象者,PPV为66.7%（8/12）,进一步MRI检查减少30%的假阳性诊断;表现为单纯结构扭曲者,PPV为9.1%（2/22）,进一步MRI检查减少86.4%的假阳性诊断;未发现MRI漏诊病例。结论：对于乳腺X线摄影表现为单纯腺体结构扭曲者,进一步MRI检查能够显著提高PPV。     

乳腺黏液腺癌X线摄影表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨乳腺黏液腺癌X线摄影表现的病理学基础。方法回顾性分析30例乳腺黏液腺癌（单纯型19例,混合型11例）的X线摄影表现,并分析其病理特点。结果①乳腺黏液腺癌最常见的x线表现为肿块（25例）,伴或不伴钙化。少见征象为局部不对称性致密影伴钙化（5例）;②单纯型黏液腺癌X线表现多为边缘小分叶,混合型黏液腺癌X线摄影多表现为边缘浸润,两者差异有统计学意义;③肿块的形状、大小、密度情况在判断黏液腺癌的病理分型上无统计学意义。结论不同亚型的乳腺黏液腺癌的X线摄影表现不完全一致,单纯型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为边缘小分叶的肿块,较少伴钙化;混合型黏液腺癌最常见的表现为边缘浸润的肿块,多伴细小、多形性钙化。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线、超声及MRI表现对比分析

目的:探讨乳腺X线摄影、超声、MRI检查及联合检查对乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例经手术病理证实为乳腺浸润性导管癌患者的术前X线摄影、超声、MRI表现及联合检查与病理结果。结果:乳腺X线摄影阳性率为90.0%,准确度53.3%;超声检查阳性率为50.0%,准确度13.3%;MRI检查阳性率为100%,准确度93.3%。3种影像检查方法联合应用的阳性率为100%,准确度为96.7%。结论:乳腺浸润性导管癌的X线、超声及MRI表现各有特征性,联合检查可提高其诊断准确性。     

全数字化乳腺摄影技术在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨全数字化乳腺摄影技术(FFDM)在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集本院2006-04-2007-11门诊病例及健康体检者行FFDM检查者2900例,其中经手术病理证实的乳腺癌53例,分析其年龄分布特征,病理类型及X线表现特征.结果 53例乳腺癌的发病年龄为36～8l岁,其中40～59年龄段者占到总病例的66%.X线表现为单纯肿块者24例(45.3%).肿块合并钙化者17例(32.1%),单纯钙化者4例(7.6%).结构紊乱者5例(9.4%),结构紊乱并钙化者3例(5.6%).病理结果:浸润性导管癌43例,黏液腺癌4例,乳腺小叶癌2例,Paget病4例.结论 FFDM可以更清晰的显示乳腺病变的特征,对乳腺癌的早期诊断具有重要价值.     

男性乳腺肿块的乳腺X线分析及其临床意义

目的:研究引起男性乳腺肿块常见疾病的X线表现特点及诊断,以提高对其认识.方法:收集因乳腺肿块进行乳腺X线检查的男性49例,回顾性分析上述患者的乳腺X线表现及临床特点,归纳可引起男性乳腺肿块的常见疾病种类.结果:49例男性患者,经乳腺X线检查诊断为男性乳腺发育症45例,其中结节型31例(68.9％),树枝型6例(13.3％),弥漫型8例(17.8％).另外4例经X线检查发现乳腺肿块归为BI-RADS 4类,最终手术病理证实为浸润性乳腺癌1例,转移性腺癌1例,囊内乳头状癌1例,脂肪坏死1例.结论:男性乳腺发育症和男性乳腺癌是引起男性乳腺肿块的常见病因,前者一般通过典型X线表现就可做出正确诊断,男性乳腺癌、脂肪坏死等少见疾病的确诊仍有赖于最终病理诊断.     

临床触诊阴性的乳腺病灶超声和钼靶X线摄片对照及联合应用的分析

目的 探讨乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶临床应用的价值.方法 回顾性分析192例临床触诊阴性乳腺病例(254个病灶),所有患者均行乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片对照检查,所有病灶均有病理学诊断.结果 254个临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶中,超声和钼靶X线摄片检查对其诊断的灵敏度分别为39.1%(18/46)、60.8%(28/46),联合检查的灵敏度为90.0%(40/46).结论乳腺超声和钼靶X线摄片检查的联合应用在临床触诊阴性的乳腺癌早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗中可发挥重要作用.     

乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声诊断乳腺导管内癌的对照研究

目的 :评价乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声诊断乳腺导管内癌的价值。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 3 8例病理证实乳腺导管内癌的乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声的表现。结果 :3 8例中 ,乳腺钼靶X线摄影表现为丛样微小钙化点 16例( 4 2 .1% ) ,边界不规则高密度影 13例 ( 3 4.2 % )。乳腺导管造影显示导管充盈缺损或中断 6例 ( 15 .8% )。超声显示为界限不清和形态不规则实性肿块 11例 ( 2 8.9% ) ,界限清楚和形态规则实性肿块 6例 ( 15 .8% ) ,囊实性肿块 3例 ( 7.9% )。乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声准确诊断率分别为 78.9%和 5 2 .6%。结论 :乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声对乳腺导管内癌有诊断价值 ,但前者优于后者 ,二者结合能提高诊断率     

乳腺X线检查漏诊乳腺癌的原因及避免方法

目的:研究并发现乳腺X线检查漏诊乳腺癌的原因,并找寻相关克服这些因素的方法,从而得到最适宜判读的乳腺X线片以及如何改进提高放射科医生的判读能力。方法:回顾分析了2008年1月~2009年1月共52例最初乳腺X线检查时漏诊而组织病理学证实为乳腺癌的病例,这些病例均做过钼靶、辅助超声、磁共振检查,且所有的病例都有细针抽吸活组织检查、针刺细切活检或切开活组织检查的组织病理学证实。结果:52例病理标本结果是36例浸润性导管癌,2例小叶导管癌,4例粘液性癌、4例炎性乳癌及3例导管原位癌,2例导管内乳头状癌和1例伴随乳头Paget病。分析这些癌误诊的原因,我们将其归为4类;患者、肿块,技术和读片者因素。肿块因素是是最常见的,占44.2%,而读片者因素是最少见的,占14.5%。32例癌是由有经验的放射科医生重复读片发现的,11例被建议进行点压放大摄影。52例患者(100%)都进行了MRI检查,其发现病灶的敏感性高于钼靶检查,但这只是对42例有诊断价值,其他的10例,仍需要进一步的穿刺活组织检查。结论:乳腺X线摄片漏诊乳腺癌的主要原因有以下4种:①患者因素(先天或后天的致密型乳腺);②肿块因素(隐蔽性乳癌,多灶性或多中心性癌);③技术因素(较差的曝光因素,乳腺位置不正和较差的后处理过程);④读片者因素(感知力较差或误解)。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.