兔VX2软组织肿瘤MSCT灌注成像与病理对照研究

目的对兔VX2软组织肿瘤进行MSCT灌注成像与病理对照研究,探讨MSCT灌注成像在软组织肿瘤中的应用价值。材料与方法8只新西兰大白兔,双侧大腿近段注射VX2肿瘤组织悬液0．1ml,分别于肿瘤组织接种后第14、21d行CT平扫和灌注扫描,扫描图像经AW4．0工作站处理,计算并分析灌注图像和灌注参数,包括血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)和表面通透性(PS)。随后处死荷瘤兔,取出肿瘤行病理组织学检查,对其微血管密度(micro vascular density,MVD)进行测定,分析MSCT。功能参数图像与肿瘤MVD之间的关系。结果所有兔大腿VX2肿瘤组织BF、BV、PS值明显高于正常肌肉组织,且与肿瘤MVD呈正相关;而MTT值则明显低于正常肌肉组织,与肿瘤MVD无明显相关性。结论MSCT灌注成像是一种准确且相对简单、便捷的定量评估软组织肿瘤性病变血流灌注状态的功能成像方法。     

兔VX2肝癌三维适形放疗后CT表现与病理对照研究

目的 探讨CT对观察兔VX2肝癌三维适形放疗后肿瘤及照射区肝组织改变的价值.方法 15只新西兰大白兔VX2肝癌模型随机分为低剂量组、高剂量组和对照组,分别给予单次剂量10 Gy、30 Gy及不采取任何处理.放疗后复查CT与肿瘤、肝组织病理学对比观察.结果 对照组的肿瘤平均直径较低剂量组和高剂量组增长迅速[CT测值分别为(62.47±17.14)mm、(16.35±2.05)mm、(14.56±2.13)mm;病理测值为(63.70±16.24)mm、(16.25±2.21)mm,(14.62±1.25)mm],高剂量组和低剂量组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但与对照组相比,明显小于对照组(P＜0.05).放疗后CT平扫肿瘤密度减低,高剂量组1只,低剂量组3只荷瘤兔的肿瘤动脉期轻度或明显强化.病理检查见肿瘤组织变性、水肿、出血.高剂量组4只,低剂量组2只增强扫描后肿瘤无强化,病理检查见肿瘤细胞广泛的凝固性坏死.低剂量组80%(4/5)照射区肝组织出现II～III级肝损伤表现,高剂量组100%(5/5)出现IV级肝损伤.放疗后高剂量组3只,低剂量组1只CT平扫时肿瘤周围出现同照射区分布一致的低密度带,静脉期轻度强化,病理检查确定为局限性放射性肝损伤区域.结论 CT扫描可以反映兔VX2肝癌三维适形放疗后肿瘤坏死、水肿、充血等病理特征及发现照射区肝组织的局限性放射性肝损伤.     

兔VX2软组织肿瘤TAE治疗前后MSCT灌注成像研究

目的:探讨MSCT灌注成像在兔VX2软组织肿瘤TAE治疗前后疗效监测中的应用价值。方法:12只单侧 大腿近段种有VX2肿瘤的新西兰大白兔,分别于TAE前、后行CT平扫和灌注扫描,计算并分析肿瘤组织的血流量(BF) 和表面通透性(PS),观察TAE治疗前后其血流灌注变化,并与病理结果对照。结果:所有兔大腿VX2肿瘤组织的BF、PS 值明显高于正常肌肉组织和TAE治疗后。结论:MSCT灌注成像是一种准确、方便且相对安全的定量评估软组织肿瘤血 流灌注状态和监测TAE治疗疗效的功能成像方法。     

VX2肿瘤MSCT灌注与缺氧状态关系的研究

目的 研究VX2肿瘤MSCT血流灌注与缺氧状态之间的关系.材料与方法8只腿部肌肉种植VX2肿瘤的新西兰大白兔,分别于肿瘤生长第7、14、21、28天行MSCT灌注扫描,分别测量肿瘤及正常肌肉组织内血流量(BF)、最大强化指数(PEI)、峰值到达时间(TTP)及血容量(BV)作为灌注指标.肿瘤组织行HIF-1α免疫组织化学染色,根据肿瘤细胞着色深度和阳性细胞百分比统计HIF-1α表达等级.不同时间段HIF-1α等级分布分别进行X2检验,HIF-1α表达等级之间行X2检验,HIF-1α与cT灌注值行Spearman等级相关分析.结果 肿瘤第7、14、21、28天HIF-1α等级由低到高再降低,但其变化差异无统计学意义(X2=1.49,P=0.22),不同时间段CT灌注BF值与HIF-1α表达存在相关性(r=0.87,P<0.05),其他CT灌注值与HIF-1α表达无明显相关性.结论 VX2肿瘤生长过程中均存在缺氧,缺氧状态与CT灌注BF值相关,表明VX2肿瘤血流灌注与肿瘤缺氧状态之间存在依存关系.     

VX2肿瘤MSCT灌注与血管生成的关系

目的：研究VX2肿瘤生长过程中微血管生成情况,以及肿瘤微血管密度与MSCT灌注值之间的变化关系。方法：8只荷瘤大白兔分别于肿瘤生长第7、14、21、28天行MSCT灌注扫描,分别测量肿瘤血流量（BF）、最大强化指数（PEI）、峰值到达时间（TTP）及血容量（BV）作为灌注指标。于第7、14、21、28天肿瘤组织行免疫组化CD34染色,进行微血管密度（MVD）计数。不同时间段灌注值比较行方差分析SNK均数比较,各项MSCT各灌注指标与MVD计数之间行Pearson相关分析。结果：肿瘤生长大小分别为（14.1±2.9）mm、（27.7±4.5）mm、（39.5±8.3）mm和（52.5±7.8）mm,第7天MSCT灌注值BF为（135.10±13.08）ml/100g/min,其余灌注参数分别为PEI（73.11±5.25）HU,TTP 18.57±1.38,BV（45.0±2.53）ml/100g,至第28天,相应灌注值为BF（46.05±7.55）ml/100g/min、PEI（70.25±6.25）HU、TTP（35.90±1.90）s、BV（51.63±4.77）ml/100g,第7、14天的CT灌注值与第21、28天灌注值中的BF和TTP差异存在显著性意义,4次灌注中的BV和PEI差异无显著性意义。CT灌注值中的BV与MVD存在相关性,PEI与MVD存在弱相关,BF、TTP与MVD之间没有明显相关性。结论：兔VX2肿瘤灌注值BF在生长早期较高,随肿瘤生长灌注值BF下降。肿瘤BV值和PEI值与VX2肿瘤血管生成存在相关关系,MSCT灌注成像可以反映VX2肿瘤微血管生成特征以及肿瘤在不同生长时期的微血管变化情况。     

CT导引下125^Ⅰ粒子植入治疗兔VX2肿瘤的实验研究

目的探讨CT导引下125^Ⅰ粒子组织间植入兔VX2肿瘤模型对细胞凋亡率的影响。方法在20只兔两侧大腿肌肉内建立VX2肿瘤模型,3周后待肿瘤灶长至直径约2cm备用,每只兔随机选择一侧肿瘤灶作为治疗侧,另一侧作为对照侧,治疗侧在CT导引下经皮穿刺将活度为0.9mCi的125^Ⅰ粒子植入肿瘤组织内,对照侧肿瘤灶内植入无活性的空心粒子,于术后即刻、72h、1、2、3周在CT导引下分别穿刺距粒子0.5～1cm、1.0～1.5cm处组织检测细胞凋亡率。结果125^Ⅰ粒子植入后即刻、72h、1、2、3周距粒子0.5～1.0cm处对照侧和治疗侧细胞凋亡率分别为（5.43&#177;0.67）%和（5.48&#177;0.66）%（P〉0.05）,（5.45&#177;0.58）%和（11.60&#177;0.87）%（P〈0.05）,（6.07&#177;0.69）%和（18.8&#177;0.64）%（P〈0.05）,（5.94&#177;0.43）%和（37.20&#177;0.39）%（P〈0.01）,（6.30&#177;0.58）%和（36.56&#177;0.67）%（P〈0.01）。距125^Ⅰ粒子1.0～1.5cm处各个时间点对照侧与实验侧细胞凋亡率差别均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论125^Ⅰ粒子组织间植入可诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,植入后72h细胞凋亡率开始增加,术后2周达高峰并维持在高水平,且随距125^Ⅰ粒子的距离增加,细胞凋亡率迅速下降。     

兔VX2乳腺癌CT灌注成像与血管内皮生长因子表达的相关性研究

目的 对兔VX2乳腺癌模型功能MSCT(fMSCT)灌注参数与免疫组织化学(简称免疫组化)检测的血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)进行相关性分析,在体无创评价未经治疗的兔VX2乳腺癌血管生成特点.方法 纯种雌性新西兰大白兔16只,于兔乳晕周围注入VX2组织块悬液1 ml.瘤组织生长2周后对荷瘤兔进行CT灌注扫描,获得血流量(BF)、血容量(BV)、平均通过时间(MTT)及表面通透性(PS)灌注参数均值,16只荷瘤兔取瘤组织进行免疫组化检测VEGF表达.对获得的肿瘤与肌肉灌注参数值进行两样本t检验,灌注参数与VEGF值间用Pearson相关性分析.结果 兔VX2乳腺癌肿瘤CT灌注参数BF、BV、MTT和PS均值分别为(228.21±13.13)ml·min-1·100 mg-1、(13.45±1.01)ml·100 mg-1、(3.50±0.20)s、(7.85±1.18)ml·min-1·100 mg-1;兔肌肉组织CT灌注参数BF、BV、MTT和PS均值分别为(66.10±22.11)ml·min-1·100 mg-1、(1.88±1. 80)ml·100 mg-1、(23.87±0.63)s、(1.55±0.38)ml·min-1·100 mg-1,肿瘤CT灌注参数BF、BV和PS均值明显高于肌肉组织,MTT低于肌肉组织,2组间的BF、BV、MTT及PS差异具有统计学意义(t值分别为61.83、13.63、27.72、20.54,P值均＜0.01).兔VX2乳腺癌组织VEGF表达均值为7.33±0.27,分别与BF(r=0.712,P＜0.01)、BV(r=0.647,P＜0.01)和PS(r=0.627,P＜0.01)存在正相关,与MTT(r=-0.564,P＜0.05)存在负相关.结论 MSCT灌注成像可以在体无创评价未经治疗的兔VX2乳腺癌血管生成.     

腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的MSCT表现及病理对照分析

目的通过对腮腺多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤的MSCT、病理对照分析提高MSCT对两者的诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的37例腮腺多形性腺瘤和32例腺淋巴瘤的MSCT影像学资料进行对比分析,结合临床病理资料,评价MSCT检查手段的诊断价值。结果多形性腺瘤多单发,腺淋巴瘤可多发;MSCT双期增强扫描多形性腺瘤呈延迟强化,腺淋巴瘤动脉期强化明显,延迟密度减低,符合其病理学基础;对鉴别多形性腺瘤与腺淋巴瘤有较高的价值。结论多形性腺瘤及腺淋巴瘤的MSCT影像学资料有一定的特征,MSCT对鉴别两者有重要的适用价值。     

DCE-MRI评估索拉非尼抑制兔VX2肝种植瘤血管生成的实验研究

【摘要】目的：采用MR动态增强扫描成像(DCE-MRI)定量检测兔VX2肝种植瘤模型经索拉非尼靶向治疗前后的变化情况,探讨DCE-MRI进行疗效评估的可行性。方法：采用开腹瘤组织块包埋法制备兔VX2肝种植瘤模型,术后7天,通过MRI检查筛选形状规整、大小基本一致的VX2肝种植瘤实验兔30只,随机分为实验组和对照组（各15只）,实验组经索拉非尼灌胃治疗,对照组采用同等剂量的5%葡萄糖灌胃治疗。实验兔分别于治疗前、治疗后7天、治疗后14天行DCE-MRI扫描,并记录肿瘤最大径线及定量参数Ktrans、Kep、Ve、Vp,最后一次扫描结束后,处死实验兔,行HE染色及微血管密度（MVD）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）免疫组化检查。结果：实验组与对照组之间Ktrans、Kep值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Ve、Vp值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05) , Ktrans不同观察时间点的变化趋势不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14天后,两组间肿瘤直径增大值差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 免疫组化分析显示两组间MVD、VEGF差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示Ktrans与MVD、VEGF之间呈正相关（r值分别为0.792和0.651）,而其他定量参数与MVD、VEGF无明显相关性。结论：DCE-MRI可定量评估索拉非尼对兔VX2肝种植瘤抗血管生成的疗效。容积转移常数Ktrans与MVD、VEGF呈正相关,可反映治疗前后的微循环变化。     

冷冻治疗兔VX2肝癌的CT评价

目的探讨CT在评价肝癌冷冻治疗疗效中的作用。方法20只新西兰大白兔随机分为对照组(n=10)和氩氦冷冻组(n=10),在肝脏接种VX2肿瘤后第14天分别给予假手术和氩氦冷冻,干预后第7、14、28、42天行CT平扫和双期增强检查,观察2组肿瘤体积和CT动态表现,并比较2组肝内转移有无差异。结果干预后第42天,氩氦冷冻组肿瘤体积(387.68±291.30)mm3明显小于对照组(50872.29±7199.62)mm3。对照组肿瘤呈不规则混杂强化,氩氦冷冻组冷冻区边缘早期呈薄壁环形强化,随后逐渐减弱消失,而中心无强化。氩氦冷冻组肝内转移率(30%)明显低于对照组(100%)。结论兔VX2肝癌氩氦冷冻后CT表现为肿瘤彻底损毁,同时肝内转移减少。CT可作为评价肝癌冷冻治疗疗效的有效手段。     

Pharmacokinetic study of conventional sorafenib chemoembolization in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model

PURPOSE

Use of oral sorafenib, an antiangiogenic chemotherapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is limited by an unfavorable side effect profile. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) employs targeted intravascular drug administration, and has potential as a novel sorafenib delivery method to increase tumoral concentrations and reduce systemic levels. This study aimed to discern the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib TACE in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model.

METHODS

A 3 mg/kg dose of sorafenib ethiodized oil emulsion was delivered via an arterial catheter to VX2 liver tumors in seven New Zealand white rabbits. Following TACE, serum sorafenib levels were measured at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, and 14 until the time of sacrifice, after which rabbit livers were harvested for analysis of sorafenib concentrations within treated tumors and normal liver. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used for drug quantification.

RESULTS

Sorafenib uptake within liver tumor and nontumorous liver tissue peaked at mean 3.53 and 0.75 μg/mL, respectively, immediately post-procedure (5:1 tumor to normal tissue drug uptake ratio), before decreasing with a 10–18 hour half-life. Serum sorafenib levels peaked immediately after TACE at a mean value of 58.58 μg/mL before normalizing with a 5.2-hour half-life, suggesting early drug washout from liver into the systemic circulation. Hepatic lab parameters showed transient increase 24 hours post-TACE with subsequent resolution.

CONCLUSION

While targeted transarterial delivery of sorafenib ethiodized oil emulsion shows preferential tumor uptake compared to normal liver, systemic washout occurs with a short half-life, resulting in high circulating drug levels.Sorafenib (Nexavar, Bayer Pharmaceuticals) is an antiangiogenic chemotherapeutic multikinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (1). This drug is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an oral agent for treatment of surgically unresectable primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC), and is associated with prolongation in tumor time-to-progression and patient overall survival in phase 3 clinical trials (2, 3). The practical utility of sorafenib is tempered, however, by a high incidence of clinically significant side effects related to systemic distribution, including hand-foot syndrome, nausea, diarrhea, and fatigue, which are frequently cited as reasons for patient noncompliance and drug dose limitation (4); serious adverse events occur in 48%–52% of those patients taking sorafenib (2, 3).Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a widely performed and recognized locoregional drug delivery methodology. During TACE, chemotherapy is administered to solid tumors in a targeted fashion via arterially placed catheters (5). This procedure, which has shown survival benefit in the treatment of HCC (6, 7), exploits the hepatic arterial perfusion of liver cancer to administer targeted therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, and also aims to devascularize neoplastic tissue by occluding feeding arteries. Conventional TACE consists of a mixture of chemotherapeutic agents and embolic ethiodized oil (5, 8), which slows blood flow through the tumor and sequesters chemotherapy medications to achieve high localized intratumoral drug concentration while limiting systemic release. In contrast to standard oral administration, targeted transarterial delivery of sorafenib has the potential to deliver high localized drug concentrations directly to liver tumors while theoretically reducing extrahepatic levels and diminishing adverse systemic effects of the drug.A previous investigation aimed at translating the high local drug concentrations and low systemic drug levels conferred by targeted TACE toward intrahepatic delivery of sorafenib has demonstrated the feasibility of transcatheter intra-arterial delivery of lipid-emulsified sorafenib in rabbit livers (9). While this method of sorafenib delivery produced high intrahepatic drug concentrations, this study did not elucidate the pharmacokinetics of conventional sorafenib TACE in terms of comparing intra- and extrahepatic drug levels over time. An understanding of the dynamic local and circulating concentrations of sorafenib after transarterial delivery is necessary to provide a foundation on which to base future studies aimed at correlating plasma drug levels with the incidence of side effects and determining the maximum tolerated dose of transarterially delivered sorafenib. The current investigation was thus conducted to determine the pharmacokinetics of conventional sorafenib TACE and to test the hypothesis that sorafenib TACE yields high tissue levels of sorafenib while minimizing systemic release through temporal assessment of liver tissue and circulating drug levels.     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with paclitaxel-lipiodol solution in rabbit VX2 liver tumor

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antitumor effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) with a solution of an anticancer drug (Paclitaxel; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ) and iodized oil (Lipiodol; Laboratoire Gurerbet, Aulnay-Sous-Bois, France) (hereafter, the solution), as well as intratumor concentration and hepatotoxicity, in experimentally induced liver tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VX2 carcinoma was grown in livers of 30 rabbits. In 18 rabbits, TACE was performed with the high-dose solution (4 mg anticancer drug and 0.4 mL iodized oil, n = 6), the low-dose solution (1 mg anticancer drug and 0.4 mL iodized oil, n = 6), or iodized oil alone (0.4 mL, n = 6) in a control group. One week later, the growth ratio and residual viable proportion of the tumors were calculated on the basis of findings at spiral computed tomography and histopathologic examination. Hepatic and hematologic toxicities were evaluated by means of biochemical analysis. Differences between the three groups were statistically assessed with the Kruskal-Wallace and Mann-Whitney U tests. The remaining 12 animals were treated with the high-dose solution and serially sacrificed for clarification of chronologic change of concentration of the anticancer drug in liver tissues. RESULTS: Growth ratios and residual viable proportions of the tumors were significantly lower in the solution groups (high dose, 3.3% +/- 6.2 [mean +/- SD] and 2.8% +/- 3.6, respectively; low dose, 18.7% +/- 7.4 and 12.7% +/- 6.1, respectively) than in the control group (68.3% +/- 12.7 and 31.1% +/- 8.8, respectively) (P <.05). Hepatotoxicity was transient in all but one rabbit, which died 2 days after TACE with substantial biochemical changes. The anticancer drug accumulated in tumor where the concentration peaked at day 3 and returned to levels comparable to those for normal hepatic parenchyma at 7 days after TACE. CONCLUSION: TACE with the Paclitaxel-Lipiodol solution has dose-dependent antitumor effects without major toxicities in VX2 liver tumor.     

兔VX2肝移植瘤及正常肝组织的磁共振灌注成像的对比研究

目的通过对比分析兔VX2肝移植瘤及正常肝组织磁共振灌注成像（PWI）特点及灌注参数之间的差别,探讨PWI相关参数在肿瘤血流灌注评估中的价值。方法对24只新西兰大白兔采用手术直视下瘤组织块包埋法建立兔VX2肝移植瘤模型,在实验兔接种后第21天行MRI检查,获得肝肿瘤组织和正常肝组织的信号强度-时间曲线,并分别记录各感兴趣区的平均强化时间（MTE）、负增强积分（NEI）、达峰时间（TM）、最大下降斜率（MSD）和最大上升斜率（MSI）,并将肿瘤组织与正常肝组织的各灌注参数进行比较。结果兔VX2肝移植瘤模型中的正常肝组织的MTE、NEI、TM、MSD和MSI分别为（208.341±2.226）ms、78.334±8.152、（24.059±1.927）ms、38.221±2.443和15.389±2.526,肿瘤组织相应的各参数分别为（175.437±4.182）ms、123.203±19.455、（17.061±1.834）ms、125.740±4.842和67.832±2.882。肿瘤组织的MTE和TM低于正常肝组织,而NEI、MSD和MSI则高于正常肝组织（P〈0.05）。结论肝脏PWI各灌注参数能较好地区分肿瘤组织与正常肝组织,有助于评估肝脏肿瘤组织灌注特点。     

Evaluation of different calibrated spherical polyvinyl alcohol microspheres in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: VX2 tumor model in rabbit liver

PURPOSE: To assess whether porosity and compressibility of calibrated spherical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) microspheres affect doxorubicin plasma and tumor concentrations after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in a VX2 rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen rabbits were divided into three groups of five rabbits each. Three different types of calibrated spherical PVA microspheres with variable levels of porosity and compressibility were blindly evaluated. TACE was performed by injecting a mixture of doxorubicin (5 mg) and iodized oil (0.5 mL) followed by injection of the embolic material (0.3-0.5 mL). Plasma concentrations of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol were analyzed 20, 40, 60, and 120 minutes and 2 days after TACE, and liver tissue and tumor doxorubicin concentrations were measured 2 days after TACE. RESULTS: All calibrated spherical PVA microspheres showed similar patterns of plasma doxorubicin and doxorubicinol release and tumor concentration of doxorubicin. There were no significant differences of drug levels in either plasma or tumor in each group (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: After TACE in a rabbit model of liver cancer, testing of three different types of spherical PVA microspheres with varying degrees of porosity and compressibility showed no significant differences in the plasma doxorubicin release pattern and tumor doxorubicin uptake.     

Detection of hepatic tumor perfusion following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echoplanar imaging

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of the magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion maps in the detection of liver tumor perfusion following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). MR dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced imaging was performed in 12 patients with 10 confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and 2 confirmed hepatic metastasis using single-shot echoplanar pulse sequence. Time-intensity curves for all hepatic tumors showed a transient signal drop and the hepatic blood volume (HBV) maps were reconstructed. On the HBV maps, most tumors (80%) demonstrated hyperperfusion before TACE and hypoperfusion following TACE. The site and the degree of residual hyperperfusion within the tumor on the HBV maps correlated well with the areas of hypervascularity on the angiograms. In conclusion, the MR perfusion maps can be a promising technique for detecting the perfusion of the residual tumor tissue following TACE.     

兔VX2肝移植瘤及正常肝组织的磁共振灌注成像的对比研究

目的 通过对比分析兔VX2 肝移植瘤及正常肝组织磁共振灌注成像(PWI)特点及灌注参数之间的差别,探讨PWI 相关参数在肿瘤血流灌注评估中的价值.方法 对24 只新西兰大白兔采用手术直视下瘤组织块包埋法建立兔VX2 肝移植瘤模型,在实验兔接种后第21 天行MRI 检查,获得肝肿瘤组织和正常肝组织的信号强度-时间曲线,并分别记录各感兴趣区的平均强化时间(MTE)、负增强积分(NEI)、达峰时间(TM)、最大下降斜率(MSD)和最大上升斜率(MSI),并将肿瘤组织与正常肝组织的各灌注参数进行比较.结果 兔VX2 肝移植瘤模型中的正常肝组织的MTE、NEI、TM、MSD 和MSI 分别为(208.341±2.226) ms、78.334±8.152、(24.059±1.927) ms、38.221±2.443 和15.389±2.526,肿瘤组织相应的各参数分别为(175.437±4.182) ms、123.203±19.455、(17.061±1.834) ms、125.740±4.842 和67.832±2.882.肿瘤组织的MTE 和TM 低于正常肝组织,而NEI、MSD 和MSI 则高于正常肝组织(P<0.05).结论 肝脏PWI 各灌注参数能较好地区分肿瘤组织与正常肝组织,有助于评估肝脏肿瘤组织灌注特点.     

多体素1H-MRS对经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞联合内皮抑制素治疗兔VX2肝移植瘤的动态随访研究

目的 探讨多体素质子波谱(1H-MRS)在兔VX2肝移植瘤经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合内皮抑制素(endostatin,ES)治疗过程中的动态随访应用价值.方法 建立兔VX2肝癌模型24只,二维超声监测肿瘤生长情况.待肿瘤长至约1 cm3大小,随机分为3组(每组8只):对照组(A组)经耳缘静脉给予生理盐水10 ml,连用9 d;TACE+ES组(B组)经肝动脉给予超液化碘油0.2 ml/kg和阿霉素2 mg/kg,并经耳缘静脉给予内皮抑制素0.7 mg·kg-1·d-1,连续应用9 d;ES组(C组)经耳缘静脉给予内皮抑制素0.7 mg·kg-1·d-1,连用9 d.干预处理前1天及处理后3,6,9 d行T1WI、T2WI及多体素1H-MRS检查.对Cho、Lip、Cr、Glyu、Glx的峰下面积及其与Lip峰下面积比值等指标行统计分析.结果 (1)3组肿瘤组织中各指标均有各自的动态变化趋势(P<0.01);(2)治疗后9 d,B组Glyu峰下面积及各代谢物峰下面积比值均小于C组(P<0.000 1);A组各代谢物峰下面积大于B、C组(P<0.000 1),而峰下面积比值小于B、C组(P<0.000 1).(3)干预处理后较前:①A组Cho、Lip、Cr、Glyu峰下面积升高(P<0.000 1),Cho/Lip、Cr/Lip、Glyu/Lip比值降低(P<0.014);②B组Cho、Cr、Glyu峰下面积降低(P<0.033),Cho/Lip、Cr/Lip、Glyu/Lip、Glx/Lip比值降低(P<0.002);③C组Cho峰下面积降低(P<0.000 1),Lip、Cr、Glyu、Glx峰下面积升高(P<0.048),Cho/Lip比值降低(P=0.015),Glx/Lip比值升高(P=0.027).结论 多体素1H-MRS可检测到兔VX2肝移植瘤TACE联合内皮抑制素治疗过程中主要代谢物的动态变化,从而可用于动态随访研究,还可对肿瘤治疗疗效及不同治疗方法的疗效进行比较.