滑膜软骨瘤病影像学诊断

目的 探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的影像表现及诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的滑膜软骨瘤病.36例均行相应关节X线检查,其中13例行CT检查,10例行MR检查.结果 36例滑膜软骨瘤病患者中膝关节22例,髋关节5例,踝关节3例,肩关节2例,肘关节2例,腕关节及颞颌关节各1例;单关节发病31例,双关节发病5例均为膝关节.X线及CT表现为关节间隙及周围有钙化的骨小体,少的1个,多的达数百个,小如米粒,大的直径达2.7 cm.10例MRI检查中,8例钙化结节表现为T_1WI及T_2WI呈低信号,2例钙化结节中心T_1WI及T_2WI呈高信号,周边呈低信号.结论 X线、CT及MRI对本病诊断有重要作用.     

滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像诊断价值

目的 探讨影像检查对滑膜骨软骨瘤病的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析临床手术或关节镜病理确诊的滑膜骨软骨瘤病39例,分析其影像表现及其诊断价值.结果 发病关节为膝关节11例,髋关节10例,踝关节7例,肩关节8例,肘关节3例(其中5例多关节发病). X线表现主要见关节内或关节旁大小不等,形态不一,数目多少不等的游离钙化或骨化影;CT(25例)表现见比X线平片更清晰的关节内或关节旁游离钙化或骨化影,并可显示增厚的滑膜和关节积液;MRI(30例)能发现关节内未钙化软骨瘤结节,除可见关节游离体,还清晰显示软骨、滑膜、周围软组织的改变情况和关节积液等表现,并可作出分期诊断.结论 影像学检查对滑膜骨软骨瘤病有较高的诊断价值,同时对制订手术方案等方面有较高的临床应用价值.     

原发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病的影像诊断

目的分析原发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病的X线、CT和MRI表现。方法22例原发性滑膜骨软骨瘤病患者均行CT扫描,其中16例拍摄X线平片,2例做MRI检查。结果22例中男13例,女9例。20例为单关节发病,2例为双侧关节同时发病。20例表现为关节内或周围大小不一、数目不等的结节状钙化或骨化影,1例表现为髋关节内分叶状软组织块影伴有钙化,并有髋臼骨质破坏,另1例表现为膝关节内条状软组织密度伴有点状钙化。2例关节骨质破坏,手术证实为软骨结节压迫所致。结论X线平片和CT扫描能够显示钙化或骨化的软骨结节,对未钙化或骨化的软骨结节MRI能够清楚显示。     

滑膜软骨瘤病的影像学表现及其病理基础

目的：探讨滑膜软骨瘤病（SC）影像学表现及其病理基础。方法：回顾性分析经关节镜及病理证实的16例SC患者的影像资料,并与病理结果对照。结果：16例SC中累及膝关节12例（双膝关节同时累及1例）,累及踝关节2例,累及髋关节2例。16例均可见滑膜肥厚、关节内游离体及关节积液;增厚滑膜T1WI、FFE呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;未钙化游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈中等信号,钙化游离体T1WI、T2WI均呈低信号,骨化游离体T1WI呈高信号、T2WI呈中等信号。部分病例见骨髓水肿、交叉韧带、半月板损伤及关节周围软组织肿胀。结论：MRI能够提供比较全面的影像学信息,可提高SC的诊断符合率,指导临床治疗。     

颞下颌关节区滑膜软骨瘤病的CT诊断

目的探讨颞下颌关节区滑膜软骨瘤病在CT上的表现特点.资料与方法搜集9例主诉为单侧颞下颌关节区肿胀患者的CT轴位和冠状位扫描,并对其CT表现进行评价.所有病例均经关节镜或手术病理证实为滑膜软骨瘤病.结果颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的CT表现为:(1)关节区软组织肿大(n=8);(2)病变内有散在钙化小体(n=8);(3)关节间隙增宽(n=4);(4)下颌髁突骨质异常改变(n=3);(5)颞骨关节面骨质异常改变(n=6),其中CT表现为颞骨关节面骨质硬化者4例,颞骨关节面骨质吸收者3例,颞骨关节面骨质变薄者1例.1例CT检查显示滑膜软骨瘤病向上经颞骨关节面侵犯颅内(大脑颞叶脑膜).结论颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的CT表现以该区软组织肿胀伴散在的钙化小体和周围骨质受侵犯为特征.后者可以引起中颅窝底的破坏和颅内侵犯,进而影响病变的预后.     

滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI诊断

目的 探讨滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI特征.方法 搜集经病理证实的26例滑膜软骨瘤病MRI影像资料,分析其MRI表现.结果 滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现为关节滑膜肥厚、关节内悬垂体及游离体、关节腔积液和骨性关节炎改变.26例中,Milgram病理分期Ⅰ期5例,3例表现为关节滑膜的不规则结节状肥厚,2例滑膜均匀肥厚,2例增强扫描肥厚的滑膜及结节明显强化;Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期12例,表现为既有关节滑膜的结节状肥厚,又有关节内悬垂体和游离体的形成,悬垂体呈中等T1、中等T2信号,增强扫描呈明显强化或环形强化,游离体于T1WI及T2WI上呈低信号,表现为大小不一、数目不等、形态不同的圆形、卵圆形钙化或骨化结节影,其中11例游离体中央呈短T1信号,脂肪抑制序列PDWI上呈低信号,增强扫描无明显强化.10例继发骨性关节炎改变.结论 滑膜软骨瘤病具有典型的MRI特征,当游离体钙化或骨化时可明确诊断,对较早期病变的诊断亦具有重要价值.     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的 :探讨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值。方法 :分析9例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现。结果:病灶位于肱骨3例、股骨3例、胫骨2例、距骨1例;病灶呈类圆形、分叶状骨质破坏区,膨胀性生长6例,偏心性生长7例。病灶内常见钙化灶,病灶周缘见硬化边,少数有软组织肿胀、骨膜反应。T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,病灶周围骨髓腔见长T1、长T2水肿信号,骨膜反应呈条状长T1、短T2信号。结论:软骨母细胞瘤好发于青少年四肢长管骨骨骺区,具有一定的影像学特征,结合X线、CT和MRI一般能作出正确诊断,但应注意与其他骨病鉴别。     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现

目的:探讨和描述颞下颌关节(TMJ)滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现特点。材料和方法:回顾性观察和分析13例经手术病理证实的TMJ区滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现。所有病例均在术前行闭口矢状面和冠状面PDWI、开口矢状面T_2WI检查。结果:所有滑膜软骨瘤病均发生于TMJ上腔。病变的MRI表现:关节上腔异常积液(13例,100%);关节囊明显扩张(11例,84.6%);关节腔内有多发软骨样小体的形成(11例,84.6%);关节囊或滑膜组织增厚(8例,61.5%)和颞骨关节面骨质破坏(4例,30.8%)。MRI未显示病变有下颌髁突侵蚀、关节囊外软组织侵犯、大脑颞叶脑膜和脑实质侵犯。结论:颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现具有一定特点,主要表现为关节上腔异常积液,伴关节囊扩张、多发软骨样结节小体形成和滑膜组织增厚。     

颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现

目的 探讨颞下颌关节区滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现特点.资料与方法 搜集7例主诉为颞下颌关节区肿胀、疼痛、杂音或者张口受限患者的MRI影像资料,对其斜冠状面和斜矢状面的张闭口位T1WI、T2WI进行分析.所有病例均经关节镜手术或开放性手术病理证实为滑膜软骨瘤病.结果 颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现为:(1)病变区有单个或多个散在软骨小体或钙化游离体(n=7);(2)关节腔大量积液(n=7);(3)关节区软组织肿大(n=5);(4)关节盘形态和位置异常(n=2);(5)下颌髁突骨质异常改变(n=3),表现为骨皮质连续性中断和/或骨髓腔减少;(6)颞骨关节面骨质异常改变(n=2),表现为骨质硬化.结论 颞下颌关节滑膜软骨瘤病的MRI表现多为单个或多个散在的软骨小体或钙化游离体伴关节腔大量积液;往往伴有关节区软组织肿胀;少数病例可侵犯邻近的骨质,引起髁突或颞骨关节窝等骨质的破坏或伴有关节盘形态或位置异常.     

滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现

目的:分析滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析11例经病理确诊为滑膜肉瘤患者的各种影像资料。结果:11例滑膜肉瘤发病部位分别位于足部(包括踝关节)4例,髋关节2例,胸椎2例,前肋骨、肱骨下段及臀部各1例。X线平片表现为类圆形、椭圆形或分叶状的软组织肿块,1例肿块近边缘出现斑点及斑片样钙化并伴有邻近骨质囊状破坏。CT表现为稍低于周围正常肌肉密度的不均匀软组织肿块,边界不清晰,增强扫描呈轻~中度不均匀强化。磁共振T1WI上,4例为等低信号,1例为稍高信号;T2WI上均呈中/高混杂信号,并见更高信号囊变区,T2WI压脂为不均匀高信号,部分呈多发结节样团块,并见低信号分隔,增强扫描呈明显不均匀强化。肿瘤具有侵袭性,位于臀部的病灶则向臀大肌、臀中肌及臀小肌侵犯。发生于胸椎附件区病灶邻近椎板及棘突骨质破坏,并沿椎间孔向椎管内突入。结论:滑膜肉瘤的影像学表现具有一定特征,对肿瘤的诊断也有帮助;但对于发生于罕见部位的滑膜肉瘤而言,仍有赖于病例组织学的检查。     

Giant solitary synovial chondromatosis

The purpose of this report is to describe giant solitary synovial chondromatosis, a previously unrecognized feature of synovial chondromatosis that may histologically and radiographically mimic a malignant neoplasm. Giant solitary synovial chondroma is an intra-and/or extraarticular lesion measuring over 1 cm in size and sometimes as large as 20 cm. The radiographic appearance is that of a large, well-marginated mass either of irregular feathery calcification from coalescence of multiple small synovial chondromas, or a rounded calcified mass from the growth of a single synovial chondroma. Radiographically, giant solitary synovial chondromatosis may appear similar to chondrosarcoma and parosteal osteosarcoma.     

Intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma mimicking synovial chondromatosis

 A case of intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma of the right knee joint in a 27-year-old man is reported. Prior to admission the patient had been suffering pain in the right knee for 5 years. Plain radiographs showed multiple calcified densities in the anterior aspect of the right knee closely mimicking synovial chondromatosis. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was a synovial sarcoma with extensive calcification subjacent to the synovial surface. Although intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma is very rare, it is important to be aware of the fact that synovial sarcoma, as well as synovial chondromatosis, can be present as a calcified lesion in the joint cavity.     

Bone erosion in synovial chondromatosis

Of 30 patients with synovial chondromatosis, nine had prominent pressure defects at the articular margins of the hip and shoulder. Erosions of bone may be extensive, and the patient can be at risk for developing a pathologic fracture. Synovial chondromatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions causing erosions of the articular ends of the bones; it is not as uncommon as has been previously suggested.     

Bone scintigraphic demonstration of synovial chondromatosis

Markedly increased periarticular Tc-99m diphosphonate uptake around the knee is described in a patient found to have synovial chondromatosis. The pathophysiology and possible causes of bone tracer uptake in this cartilaginous disorder are discussed.     

Arthrographic diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis.

A case of synovial chondromatosis without plain film calcifications is presented. The arthrographic findings and differential diagnosis are discussed.     

Ultrasonographic and arthrographic diagnoses of synovial chondromatosis

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is rare in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Plain radiographs, CT, MRI and arthrography of the TMJ have been used for the diagnosis of SC. The purpose of this paper is to present ultrasonographic and arthrographic diagnoses of a case of SC of the TMJ.