原发性回盲部淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨原发性回盲部淋巴瘤(PIL)的CT征象,以提高该疾病的CT诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的PIL的CT资料,所有患者均行CT平扫,其中8例加扫CT增强.结果 12例PIL中,肿块型2例,弥漫增厚型10例,病变肠管长约7.8~18.5 cm,平均约10.2 cm.9例病变肠腔不规则或瘤样扩张,3例明显狭窄;10例病变肠壁柔和,2例肠壁僵硬.CT平扫增厚肠管呈软组织密度影,8例增强扫描中,6例增厚肠管呈延迟均匀轻中度强化,2例见小片状坏死区;最大密度投影(MIP)示8例病变肠管均可见增粗肠系膜上动脉分支供血.9例病变肠管周围、肠系膜根部或腹膜后伴肿大淋巴结.1例并发肠梗阻,1例并发肠穿孔.结论 CT检查发现回盲部肠管呈均匀环形软组织肿块,且病变肠管范围较长,相应管腔扩张,管壁柔和,增强呈均匀轻中度延迟强化时,应考虑淋巴瘤可能.     

小肠淋巴瘤的螺旋CT诊断

目的评价螺旋CT在小肠恶性淋巴瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对10例经手术病理证实的小肠恶性淋巴瘤的影像表现进行回顾性分析。结果 10例小肠淋巴瘤,8例位于回肠(包括回盲部),2例位于空肠。10例CT表现均有不同程度的肠壁增厚,2例呈动脉瘤样扩张,肠管明显环形增厚,肠管不狭窄且明显扩张;5例呈浸润型,小肠壁均有不同程度的增厚;息肉肿块型2例,肠腔内较大分叶状软组织肿块,致肠腔变窄,肿块密度较均匀,增强均匀强化,未见坏死。3例腹腔、肝门、脾门淋巴结肿大,表现为分叶状肿块或多个小结节相互融合。增厚的肠壁、软组织肿块及肿大淋巴结呈轻度强化8例,或无明显强化1例,其中2例内部可见血管被肿瘤包绕,1例并发穿孔。结论掌握小肠淋巴瘤的CT表现特征有助于与小肠间质瘤、小肠癌及小肠Crohn病的鉴别。     

The value of CT in diagnosing primary malignant duodenal tumors

目的:探讨CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的CT检查资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照.结果:36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌30例,恶性问质瘤3例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,神经内分泌癌2例.十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;恶性问质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻一中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;神经内分泌癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显.结论:CT检查对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断价值及鉴别诊断价值.     

CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的CT检查资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果:36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌30例,恶性间质瘤3例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,神经内分泌癌2例。十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;恶性间质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻-中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;神经内分泌癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显。结论:CT检查对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断价值及鉴别诊断价值。     

胃部原发性少见及罕见肿瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨分析胃部原发性少见及罕见肿瘤的CT表现。方法 选取经病理证实8种类型胃部原发性少见及罕见肿瘤的CT表现,观察肿瘤发生部位、大小、病变范围(是否穿透浆膜层)、密度(囊变、钙化、坏死等)、黏膜完整性、CT强化方式及程度、壁外血管侵犯、周围淋巴结及邻近脏器侵犯。结果 27例中原发性淋巴瘤13例,肝样腺癌5例,神经内分泌癌3例,神经鞘瘤2例,钙化性胃癌、尤文氏肉瘤、孤立性纤维瘤及血管球瘤各1例,淋巴瘤胃壁增厚伴胃腔扩张,肝样腺癌轻至中度强化,肝脏及淋巴结易转移伴甲胎蛋白增高,神经内分泌癌明显强化,神经鞘瘤边界清,腔外生长型肿块、呈渐进性强化,钙化性胃癌以胃壁钙化为主,尤文氏肉瘤病灶大,但壁外血管侵犯及淋巴结转移不显著,孤立性纤维瘤腔内生长型肿块、轻度均匀强化,血管球瘤强化峰值与腹主动脉相近。结论 胃部少见及罕见肿瘤CT表现具有一定的特异性,仔细观察并结合临床实验室指标能提高其术前诊断准确性。     

胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤的CT表现及病理基础

目的 分析胃肠道神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NETs)的CT表现及病理基础.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的23例GEP-NETs的CT表现,并与病理结果进行对照研究.结果 23例患者中,20例CT检查发现病变,其中单纯胃肠壁增厚4例,单纯肿块形成6例,肿块并胃肠壁增厚10例,肿块最大径0.9~5.2 cm,平均(2.6±0.6)cm.CT平扫15例为均匀等密度,4例肿块内见小斑片状坏死低密度区,1例为高密度出血灶;增强扫描动脉期明显强化16例,中度强化4例.病变侵犯浆膜7例,肠系膜淋巴结肿大7例,肝脏转移2例.病理上该肿瘤位于黏膜下,呈浸润性生长,较小肿块表面肠黏膜常完整,较大者可形成溃疡,并可突破浆膜.结论 GEP-NETs病理基础决定其CT表现具有一定特征性,CT对判断该肿瘤的侵犯范围及转移情况起重要作用.     

儿童不典型肾上腺肿瘤的影像学分析

目的 分析7例儿童不典型的肾上腺肿瘤的CT和MRI表现,以提高对儿童肾上腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断水平. 资料与方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的儿童肾上腺肿瘤7例,复习其CT和MRI表现并与手术病理对照分析.结果 Ⅰ级神经母细胞瘤1例,CT表现为均匀稍低密度肿块;单纯肾上腺囊肿1例,表现为均匀低密度囊性肿块,无强化;囊肿伴出血1例,囊壁嗜铬母细胞增生,表现为T1WI及T2WI高信号,增强后囊壁环形强化;肾上腺髓外造血1例,表现为均匀低密度肿块,轻度强化;皮质腺瘤1例,表现为均匀软组织密度肿块,增强后动脉期明显强化,静脉期强化减弱;肾上腺皮质癌2例,1例密度不均匀,增强后肿瘤实性成分强化持续时间较长,另1例MRI表现为轻度均匀强化.结论 除单纯囊肿外,儿童肾上腺肿瘤影像学表现缺乏特异性,确诊需与临床及病理结合.     

胸壁肿块的CT诊断

目的分析胸壁肿块的CT表现,提高其诊断水平。方法 30例临床证实的胸壁肿块患者均经CT平扫,10例又经增强扫描。对所有患者的CT表现进行了回顾性分析。结果在CT像上,胸壁结核(5例)表现为胸壁内软组织密度肿块影;细菌性脓肿(4例),表现为局限性软组织肿块影,密度不均匀;脂肪瘤(4例)表现为胸壁内局限性脂肪密度肿块影;神经源性肿瘤(5例)表现为胸壁内密度均匀、边界清楚的软组织肿块影;血管瘤(1例)表现为左侧胸壁散在条状迂曲的软组织密度肿块影,增强后明显强化;胸膜间皮瘤(3例),其中良性者(2例)表现为局限性胸膜增厚,恶性者(1例)表现为弥漫性胸膜增厚伴胸腔积液;胸膜转移瘤(3例)表现为胸膜结节状增厚;肋骨转移瘤(4例)表现为胸膜结节状增厚;Askin瘤(1例)表现为右侧胸壁内及胸膜处软组织肿块影伴邻近肋骨骨质破坏。结论 CT对胸壁肿块的定位及良、恶性鉴别具有重要价值,尤其64排螺旋CT及其后处理技术更有利于其诊断与鉴别诊断。     

原发性肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨原发性肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤的CT和MRI表现及其特征。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的8例原发性肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤患者的临床、病理及影像学资料。结果本组8例患者中,2例行MR检查,5例行CT平扫及增强检查,1例行CT平扫检查。单发病灶者4例,多发病灶者4例。肿瘤CT平扫均表现为肝内边界清楚的低密度肿块,病灶中央可见不规则形坏死区,3例病灶周围多发子灶,2例病灶周围血管受压推移;MRI上肿瘤表现为长T_1稍长T_2信号;7例增强扫描后病灶实质部分动脉期轻至中度强化,静脉期持续强化,中心坏死区无明显强化。结论原发性肝脏神经内分泌肿瘤具有一定的CT及MR影像特点,表现为肝内边界清晰的类圆形肿块,常伴中心坏死囊变及周围多发子灶,强化方式为延迟强化。     

原发性肝、胆囊神经内分泌癌的影像学表现

目的 回顾原发性肝、胆囊神经内分泌癌(PHGNC)影像学表现及临床症状。方法 患者5例，男1例，女4例。长期腹泻4例，药物难以控制，其中伴腹痛2例；肿瘤出血，导致肝破裂1例。超声检查5例，CT检查4例，肝动脉造影检查3例。肿瘤发生在肝脏3例，发生在肝脏及胆囊1例，发生在胆囊1例。手术证实3例、活检及尸检证实各1例。结果 肝内多发肿瘤3例，单发肿瘤1例。超声表现：肝内不均匀强回声肿块2例，不均匀低回声肿块1例，内有一些小液化区，瘤体彩色血流丰富；肝内以囊性为主的巨大囊实性肿块1例；1例胆囊肿瘤表现为胆囊壁隆起性结节，无特异性征象。CT表现：肝脏内不均匀密度肿块，增强扫描肿瘤轻度强化，瘤内有一些小液化区。肝动脉造影表现：肿瘤实体部分血流丰富，瘤体明显染色；巨大囊实性肿瘤表现为瘤内无血管，周围血管受压。结论 肝神经内分泌癌影像学表现为肝内不均质肿块，内部血流丰富，肿瘤明显染色；肿瘤巨大时可发生出血、坏死、囊性变；肿瘤易发生肝内转移；肿瘤预后差。胆囊神经内分泌癌表现为胆囊壁隆起性病变，无特异性征象。患者常有腹泻、腹痛症状。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.