乳腺肿瘤性病变的钼靶X线征象分析

目的 明确乳腺肿瘤性病变的钼靶X线征象,评价钼靶在乳腺肿瘤性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值.资料与方法 总结分析本院从2008年6月至2010年1月共1330例乳腺疾病钼靶X线摄影中检出并经手术和病理证实为乳腺肿瘤患者176例,其中乳腺良性肿瘤103例,乳腺癌70例,交界性叶状肿瘤3例.常规摄乳腺X线片,怀疑乳腺导管内乳头状瘤者,行溢液乳管造影.结果 (1)乳腺良性肿瘤钼靶X线多表现为圆形、椭圆形肿块,边界清楚,周边有或无透明"晕征",导管内乳头状瘤造影多表现为导管内单个或多个充盈缺损.(2)70例乳腺癌的钼靶X线征象,表现为肿块者56例(80%),砂粒状或簇状微钙化46例(66%),肿块伴微钙化42例(60%),结构扭曲、紊乱5例(7%),局灶性致密影3例(4%),血管影增粗24例(34%).(3)叶状肿瘤的钼靶X线表现为圆形或浅分叶状肿块,密度高而均匀,肿块体积较大.结论 乳腺不同良恶性肿瘤具有较为特征性的X线征象,钼靶X线在乳腺良恶性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断中具有重要意义,结合临床病史,可进一步提高诊断准确率.     

数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字钼靶X线摄影联合MRI动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析60例含钙化灶乳腺病变患者,均行数字钼靶X线摄影及乳腺DCE-MRI检查,并与术后病理结果对照,分别计算数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合诊断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果:本组中良性35例共40个病灶,恶性25例共28个病灶。数字钼靶X线摄影、DCE-MRI及两者联合鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的敏感度分别为71.43%、92.86%、96.43%,特异度分别为77.50%、92.50%、95.00%,准确度分别为75.00%、92.65%、95.59%。结论:数字钼靶X线摄影联合DCE-MRI对含钙化灶乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有一定价值。     

乳腺全容积超声、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨全容积超声（ABVS）、钼靶X线摄影对乳腺结节的诊断价值。方法：收集93例经病理确诊的乳腺结节患者,均行ABVS、钼靶X线摄影检查,分析2种检查方式的诊断价值。结果：ABVS和钼靶X线摄影的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为94.9%、66.7%、93.7%、71.4%、90.3%和75.6%、93.3%、98.3%、42.4%、78.5%。结论：乳腺ABVS与钼靶X线摄影对鉴别乳腺良恶性结节各有优缺点;联合应用多种检查方法能提高乳腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断水平。     

乳腺肿瘤的钼靶X线诊断及其摄影技术探讨

目的探讨乳腺肿瘤的钼靶X线特征及钼钯X线摄影技术要求。方法收集分析200例经手术、穿刺活检证实的乳腺肿瘤的钼靶X线摄影资料。结果乳腺良性肿瘤138例,X线征象多为圆形、椭圆形肿块,临床触诊质地较软。62例乳腺癌钼靶X线征象为不规则形肿块37例,占59.7%;类圆形25例,占40.3%。有微小钙化32例,占51.6%;局部浸润4例,占6.5%。触诊质地较硬,X线测量比值小于临床。结论X线钼靶摄影是乳腺肿瘤首选检查方法,显示乳腺癌的主要直接征象和间接征象,在乳腺癌的早期诊断及鉴别诊断中很有价值。     

乳腺钙化在钼靶x线诊断中的价值

目的：探讨乳腺钼靶x线中钙化的影像特征及其在不同乳腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法：对我院经手术及病理证实的90例良、恶性钙化钼靶x线片进行回顾性分析。结果：90例乳腺钙化中,良性病变28例,占31%;乳腺癌62例,占69%。结论：根据乳腺钼靶X线片内的钙化特征可作为临床评价其良、恶性的可靠依据。     

计算机X线成像钼靶X线摄影联合医学影像存储与传输系统对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨计算机X线成像（CR）钼靶X线摄影联合医学影像存储与传输（PACS）系统对乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾分析,对50例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿瘤患者采用头尾位（CC位）、内外侧斜位（LMO位）,必要时加摄侧位及局部点片,并与术后病理结果对照分析。结果①根据CR钼靶X线摄影联合PACS系统影像表现特点,50例乳腺肿瘤中,44例诊断为乳腺癌,5例为乳腺增生,1例为纤维腺瘤。②病理证实50例乳腺肿瘤患者43例为乳腺癌,2例为重度不典型增生,4例为轻度不典型增生,1例为乳腺纤维腺瘤。结论CR钼靶X线摄影联合PACS系统是乳腺恶性肿瘤的最主要和最有价值的诊断方法。     

X线钼靶摄片辅以彩超诊断早期乳腺癌价值分析

目的:探讨X线钼靶和高频彩超在乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值,提高对早期乳腺癌的检出率。方法:回顾经病理证实的31例早期乳腺癌患者,对比分析其X线钼靶摄片及高频彩超诊断与病理诊断的符合率。结果:X线钼靶摄片、超声诊断符合率分别为80.65%(25/31)、70.97%(22/31);X线钼靶摄片辅以高频彩超的诊断符合率为93.55%(29/31),与单纯钼靶摄片或彩超相比,差异均有显著意义。结论:X线钼靶摄片是乳腺恶性肿瘤诊断的首选方法,联合高频彩超检查可提高诊断符合率。     

钼靶X线摄影与1.5T MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值

目的 探讨钼靶X线摄影与MRI对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值.方法 收集临床资料完整,经手术病理结果证实并于术前1～2周进行过临床触诊、钼靶X线摄影乳腺肿块138例,对48例X线表现不典型病例行MRI平扫及动态增强检查,并与手术病理结果做对照分析. 结果本组中恶性病变71例,良性病变67例.钼靶X线摄影的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为81.69%、76.12%及78.99%.MRI结合平扫、DCE-MRI早期强化率及时间-密度曲线诊断,MRI检查的敏感性、特异性及准确性分别为87.50%、83.33%及85.42%. 48例患者MRI与钼靶X线摄影对病变的符合情况准确性比较具有统计学意义(χ2=4.063,P0.05).结论 钼靶X线摄影与1.5T MRI二者结合可明显提高乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断准确率.     

乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线和MRI表现

目的 :分析乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线特征及MRI表现 ,以提高其诊断正确率。材料和方法 :回顾性分析了3 8例经病理证实的乳腺浸润性导管癌的钼靶X线表现及 5例MRI表现。结果 :钼靶X线阳性表现 3 5例 ( 92 .1% ) ,其中显示肿块影 2 4例 ( 63 .2 % ) ,毛刺影 18例 ( 4 7.4% ) ,针尖状钙化影 3 3例 ( 86.8% ) ;MRI阳性率 10 0 %。结论 :乳腺浸润性导管癌钼靶X线表现较具特征性 ,是首要影像学检查手段 ,MRI检查敏感性高 ,有助于临床制定合理的治疗方案。     

乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI对比研究

目的 分析乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI影像学表现,评价X线钼靶与MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析了60例乳腺疾病的X线钼靶与MRI表现,MRI分别采用自旋回波T1WI、短时反转恢复(STIR)序列及动态增强扫描。X线钼靶采用常规方法摄片。结果MRI 53例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,MRI诊断的准确率为88.3％,X线钼靶38例诊断正确,与病理结果相符,X线钼靶诊断的准确率为63.3％,两者差异具有显著性意义,X2=10.23,P<0.01。结论 MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断价值明显优于X线钼靶,对乳腺疾病的临床诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的钼靶X线征象分析

目的提高对乳腺疾病的钼靶X线征象认识。材料和方法良性病变60例(69个病灶),恶性病变51例(55个病灶),年龄13～72岁。患者均行乳腺钼靶X线摄影并经手术病理证实。结果良性病灶多为圆形、卵圆形,边缘规则,等密度、低密度或混合密度,80％的病灶可见完全或不完全的晕环。恶性病灶多为分叶形或不规则形,80%为高密度,20%为等密度,没有低密度和混合密度病灶。病灶边缘模糊,61％伴有钙化,39％患侧血管增粗扭曲紊乱。结论钼靶乳腺摄影是乳腺影象学检查的首选方法,95%以上的病变可望术前作出正确诊断。     

Nonpalpable breast masses: radiologic predictability of malignancy

Of 568 nonpalpable breast lesions detected by screening mammography 242 proved to be noncalcified masses; biopsy showed 165 to be benign and 77 malignant. The lesions were evaluated with respect to contour, radiographic density and size. Of the malignant lesions 90% were infiltrating carcinomas, 88% of which had an indistinct contour and were of moderate to high density. Of the benign lesions 40% of those with an indistinct contour demonstrated high radiographic density. Low-density, distinct masses were all benign. There was no correlation between the size of the lesion and whether it was malignant.     

数字化X线钼靶检查对女性乳腺疾病诊断的价值

目的：研究乳腺良、恶性病变的钼靶影像学特征,评价钼靶影像学对乳腺良、恶性病变诊断的临床价值及早期发现乳腺癌的意义。方法对2010年2月至2011年3月100例经病理证实乳腺良恶性病变病例,进行回顾性钼靶影像学分析研究。结果乳腺良性病变64例,术前钼靶检查诊断符合51例,正确率为80％;乳腺恶性病变36例,术前钼靶检查诊断符合31例,正确率为86％。结论数字化钼靶摄影对乳腺良、恶性病变鉴别诊断优越于超声检查,诊断早期乳腺癌有其独特优势。     

乳腺微小钙化的高频超声诊断价值

目的：探讨乳腺良恶性钙化的声像图特征,评价高频超声对乳腺微小钙化灶的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析84例乳腺钙化患者的术前超声表现,并与手术病理及钼靶乳腺摄片结果相对照,对比分析乳腺良恶性钙化的声像图特点及其诊断价值。结果：乳腺微小钙化灶的高频检出率为82．6％,其中在恶性钙化中的超声检出率达92．7％,而在良性微小钙化中的检出率为61．5％。超声诊断乳腺恶性微小钙化灶的敏感性、特异性分别为78．8％和84．4％,尤其是对伴有肿块的乳腺微小钙化灶的诊断正确率更高。结论：高频超声可以有效地检出并识别乳腺内的微小钙化灶,超声微小钙化灶征象对乳腺癌的诊断具有很大的价值。     

结合MRI和X线分类对乳腺X线筛查为BI-RADS 4类肿块的处理体会

目的:评价结合MRI和X线分类对乳腺X线筛查为BI-RADS 4类肿块的良恶性评估价值,探讨BI-RADS 4类肿块新的处理建议.方法:X线筛查为BI-RADS 4a类(105个)、4b类(42个)和4c类(19个)的151例共166个乳腺肿块,在活检前行MRI.动态增强结合扩散加权成像(DWI)进行MRI BI-RADS分类.结合X线与MRI分类提出新的良恶性评估法.统计X线与MRI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度及诊断符合率;绘制两者的ROC曲线,Z检验比较曲线下面积;统计结合MRI和X线的新的良恶性评估法发现乳腺癌的敏感性、诊断符合率和对良性病变检出率.结果:2名X线诊断医师和2名MRI诊断医师的BI-RADS分类的Kappa值分别为0.70和0.76,一致性较好.166个肿块,恶性41个,占24.7％.X线BI-RADS 4a类105个:恶性12个,MRI分类为4、5类12个;良性93个,MRI为2、3类81个.X线BI-RADS 4b类42个:恶性16个,MRI分类为4、5类15个;良性26个,MRI为2、3类16个.X线BI-RADS 4c类19个:恶性13个,MRI分类为4、5类12个;良性6个,MRI为3类2个.X线诊断敏感度、特异度为70.7％、74.4％,诊断符合率为73.5％.MRI诊断敏感度、特异性及诊断符合率为95.1％、79.2％和83.1％.X线及MRI诊断乳腺癌的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.749及0.927,两者差异有统计学意义(Z=2.282,P＜0.05).新的良恶性评估法发现乳腺癌的敏感度为100％,诊断符合率为77.7％,良性病变检出率为53.0％.结论:MRI对乳腺X线筛查为BI-RADS 4类肿块有较高的诊断价值.结合X线及MRI分类进行新的良恶性评估,能减少良性肿块不必要的活检.     

选择性局部点压联合触诊在致密型乳腺疾病中的诊断价值

目的探讨钼靶局部点压摄影联合触诊对致密型乳腺疾病的诊断价值.资料与方法纳入常规乳腺 X 线摄影表现为致密腺体且影像未见明显异常者133例,分别进行双乳细致触诊,并结合常规体位影像表现,对触诊异常部位进行局部点压摄影,对所获得图像进行再次分析诊断.结果133例局部点压后影像中,69例清楚显示病灶,阳性检出率为51.9%(69/133),其中乳腺内肿块43例,腋下肿块9例,成簇微细钙化2例,局限性致密浸润15例;术后病理提示良性病变59例,恶性病变10例.结论钼靶局部点压摄影联合触诊可提高致密型乳腺中病灶的检出率,减少漏诊.     

乳腺癌钙化168例X线分析

目的　通过对乳腺癌钙化的分析 ,评估钼靶软线摄影对乳腺癌钙化的诊断意义。方法　对 16 8例女性患者采用上海产MO 30型乳腺摄影机进行乳腺照相 ,并对照手术病理结果 ,分析乳腺癌钙化的X线特征 ,病理类别关系及临床指导意义。结果　乳腺癌钙化的出现率是 32 % ,其中恶性钙化占 96 % (16 1/ 16 8) ,乳腺癌钙化而无肿物的占 2 8% (4 7/ 16 8) ,乳腺癌钙化以导管内癌及浸润性导管癌为首位 ,占 73 % (12 2 / 16 8)。结论　乳腺钼靶软线摄影在诊断乳腺癌钙化方面是其它影像学检查所不能替代的 ,在诊断与鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

US of mammographically detected clustered microcalcifications

PURPOSE: To determine whether ultrasonography (US) can depict breast masses associated with mammographically detected clustered microcalcifications and whether the visibility at US is different between benign and malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four patients with 100 mammographically detected microcalcification clusters prospectively underwent US with a 10- or 12-MHz transducer before mammographically guided presurgical hook-wire localization. The visibility of breast masses at US was correlated with histologic and mammographic findings. RESULTS: Surgical biopsy revealed 62 benign lesions, 30 intraductal cancers, and eight invasive cancers. At US, breast masses associated with microcalcifications were seen in 45 (45%) of 100 cases. US depicted more breast masses associated with malignant (31 [82%] of 38) than with benign (14 [23%] of 62) microcalcifications (P: <.001). In malignant microcalcification clusters larger than 10 mm, US depicted associated breast masses in all 25 cases. There was no statistically significant difference in shape and distribution of calcific particles, as well as in breast composition, at mammography between US visible and invisible groups. CONCLUSION: Given a known mammographic location, US with a high-frequency transducer can depict breast masses associated with malignant microcalcifications, particularly clusters larger than 10 mm. US can be used to visualize large clusters of microcalcifications that have a very high suspicion of malignancy.     

放大摄影在乳腺疾病诊断中的价值

目的 :评价放大摄影在乳腺良、恶性病变中的诊断价值。材料和方法 :对 115例临床扪及结节或肿块患者 ,行常规摄影和加摄局部放大摄影 ,于术后分别与病理对照 ,研究两种摄影方法对病灶的边界、形态、钙化等显示情况及诊断正确率。结果 :显示肿块边界 ,放大组 3 3 .9% ,常规组 14 .8% ;肿块边缘毛刺显示率 ,放大组 2 4.3 % ,常规组 13 .0 % ;对良性病变的诊断正确率 ,放大组 94.6% ,常规组 60 .8% ;对恶性病变诊断正确率 ,放大组 87.8% ,常规组 63 .4%。结论 :放大摄影可以明显提高乳腺疾病检出率和诊断正确性。     

Follow-up of palpable circumscribed noncalcified solid breast masses at mammography and US: can biopsy be averted?

PURPOSE: To determine whether palpable noncalcified solid breast masses with benign morphology at mammography and ultrasonography (US) can be managed similarly to nonpalpable probably benign lesions (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] category 3)-that is, with periodic imaging surveillance-and to determine whether biopsy can be averted in these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: No institutional review board approval or patient consent was required. This retrospective analysis, based on final imaging reports, included 152 patients (age range, 28-77 years; mean age, 48.3 years) with 157 palpable noncalcified solid masses that were classified as probably benign at initial mammography and US. Of 152 patients, 108 underwent follow-up with mammography and US (6-month intervals for 2 years, then 12-month intervals). The remaining 44 patients underwent surgical or needle biopsy after initial imaging. Lesions were analyzed at initial and follow-up examinations. Statistical analysis included Student t test and corresponding exact 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In 108 patients who underwent follow-up only, 112 lesions were palpable. In 102 (94.4%) of 108 patients, masses remained stable during follow-up. Lesions were followed for at least 2 years (mean, 4.1 years; range, 2-7 years). In six (5.6%) patients, palpable lesions increased in size during follow-up; these lesions were benign at subsequent open biopsy. No breast carcinoma was diagnosed in the 44 patients with 45 palpable lesions who underwent biopsy after initial imaging. Of 157 lesions, no malignant tumors were observed (exact one-sided 95% confidence interval: 0%, 1.95%). CONCLUSION: The data strongly suggest that palpable noncalcified solid breast masses with benign morphology at mammography and US can be managed similarly to nonpalpable BI-RADS category 3 lesions, with short-term follow-up (6-month intervals for 2 years). More data, based on a larger series, are required to determine whether this conclusion is correct.