山西东南部贲门癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的探讨山西省东南部地区农村居民饮食、行为等各种影响因素与贲门癌(GCC)发生的关系。方法在山西省东南部地区,采用以人群为基础的1∶2配对病例对照研究方法,对120例GCC患者和240名对照进行问卷调查,采用单因素和多因素条件logistic回归对所获资料进行分析。结果胃癌家族史(OR=2.83,95%CI=1.74～3.94)、吸烟(OR=2.89,95%CI=1.57～5.30)、喜食烫食(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.12～2.79)可能是GCC的危险因素;体质指数≥24(OR=0.20,95%CI=0.06～0.67)、经常饮茶(OR=0.43,95%CI=0.15～0.78)、常吃新鲜水果(OR=0.62,95%CI=0.36～0.91)可能是GCC的保护因素。结论生活习惯和饮食习惯是农村居民GCC的主要危险因素之一,应对其采取综合性的预防措施。     

福建省贲门癌病例对照研究

目的：探讨贲门癌发生的危险因素,为病因学研究提供线索。方法：对福州市6所大医院2000年4－7月的住院病人进行多组病例对照研究,其中男性287例（82．5％）,女性61例（17．5％）,病例组为经病理,手术或胃镜确诊的贲门癌病例93例,非贲门部胃癌病例85例及非消化道肿瘤病例73例,对照组为与肿瘤病例同期住院的骨,泌尿外科的非肿瘤病例97例,采用统一调查表进行床边询问,内容包括一般人口学特征,身高,体重体,吸烟,饮酒,饮食状况,既往疾病史,家族肿瘤史等,对资料进行单因素及多因素Logistic分析。结果：贲门癌的危险因素有每日吸烟量（OR＝1．76,95％CI：1．19－2．58）,10年前食用猪油（OR＝4．24,95％CI：2．01－8．92）,父母患胃癌（OR＝3．78,95％）,CI：1．06－13.41）,胃部疾病史（OR＝3。19,95％CI：1．46－6．96）,常吃新鲜蔬菜（OR＝0．21,95％CI：0．07－0．62）,豆及豆制品（OR＝0．29,95％CI：0．09－0．92）为保护因素。结论：贲门癌与非贲门部胃癌可能有不同的危险因素,值得进一步研究。     

宫颈癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨宫颈癌高发区的相关危险因素。方法 采用以住院患者为基础的病例对照研究方法，对129名经病理确诊的宫颈癌患者和143例非肿瘤病人对照进行有关月经、婚育史、性行为与避孕史、个人卫生习惯等因素的调查。结果 在单因素分析的基础上进行多元Logistic回归分析，最终引入回归方程的变量为家庭经济收入、首次性交年龄、洗澡设施、妇科病史、产次和绝经，而结婚年龄、首次发生性行为和孕育年龄、孕产次等生殖因素，则与宫颈癌发生的危险性呈剂量一反应关系。结论 经济收入低、首次发生性行为的年龄小、既往有妇科病史、孕产次多可增加宫颈癌发生的危险性，特别值得注意的是洗澡和清洗阴部少等不洁卫生习惯可能是导致当地该病高发的原因之一，绝经后妇女宫颈癌发生的危险性较低。     

儿童哮喘危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探讨儿童哮喘的危险因素。方法：应用1：1配对的病例对照研究方法，调查和分析有关的暴露因素。结果：调查了131对对照病例，在单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析中儿童过敏史，特应性体质,急性呼吸道感染史，母亲孕期被动吸烟，父母对子女态度民主，母亲了解孕期保健知识均与儿童哮喘有统计学意义。在P＜0．01的显著水平上下，上述各指标最终进入主效应模型，回归系数分别为2．3341，3．2587，3．1952，1．5864、－1．7151和－1．0237。结论：儿童过敏史，特应性体质，急性呼吸道感染史，母亲孕期被动吸烟是儿童哮喘的危险因素，父母对子女态度民主，母亲了解孕期保健知识是保护因素，这对儿童哮喘的预防有着重要意义。     

精神分裂症危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨精神分裂症发病的主要危险因素，为精神病防治提供理论依据。方法 应用病例对照研究对10l例首发精神分裂症患和10l例正常对照进行1：1配对研究，通过单因素和多因素分析其危险因素。结果 发现4个主要危险因素，分别是：精神病家族史(OR＝7．98，95％CI＝2．58—32．58)、内向性格(OR＝3．32，95％CI＝1．60—6．94)、遭遇精神创伤事件(OR＝5．68，95％CI＝2．0l—15．63)、与父母关系不好(OR＝4．27，95％CI＝1．03一17．74)与精神分裂症的发病显相关。结论 精神分裂症的发病与遗传和多种环境因素有关。     

北京市乳腺癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探索北京地区乳腺癌的主要危险因素。方法：采用１：１配对的病例对照研究方法，共押取３５０对样本，进行了多变量的筛检分析。结果：精神、心理因素和良性乳腺疾病史是生物效应较强的主要危险因素，而产后哺乳及常吃玉米为乳腺癌的保护因子。结论：此次研究结果与因内其它城市相关研究结果基本一致，但亦存在一定的地区性差异。     

卵巢癌危险因素的病例对照研究

卵巢癌严重威胁妇女健康 ,其死亡率居妇科恶性肿瘤首位[1 ] 。近十几年来 ,我国卵巢癌的发病率呈逐年上升之趋势 ;而且 ,将近 80 %的上皮性卵巢癌确诊时已为Ⅲ、Ⅳ期[2 ] 。因而 ,有必要对我国卵巢癌的发病及其影响因素进行深一步的研究。1 .对象与方法 :(1 )研究对象 :病例选自 1 999年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 1 2月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院及天津市中心妇产科医院住院患者 ,均被确诊为卵巢癌 ,共 1 0 2例。1 0 2名对照来自与病例居住地相同或相似的社区正常健康人 ,并且于病例确诊时随机选取。两组在年龄 (χ2 =4.373 ,P =0 .82 2 )、民族 (χ…     

冠心病危险因素的病例对照研究

目前我国冠心病的发病率呈上升趋势,严重地危害着人们的健康,通过本组调查分析得出冠心病的主要危险因素,在人群中加以控制,更好地预防冠心病的发生。 一、对象与方法 1.对象选择:本组选用我院1991年至1995年住院病例256人,其中病例组133人,对照组123人,年龄最小38岁,最大81岁,两组间年龄、性别、文化程度、职业等经统计学处理无显     

脑出血危险因素的病例对照研究

采用流行病学配比病例对照研究方法。对济宁市２００例脑出血患者及其对照者进行了调查，以探讨脑出血的危险因素。单因素分析结果显示高血压、鼾症、吸烟、饮酒及喜食咸味等因素能增加脑出血发病的危险性；条件ｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析结果表明，高血压、鼾症及喜食咸味是该地区居民脑出血独立危险因素，各因素与脑出血联系的比值比（９５％可信区间）分别为１１．０２（５．０７￣２３．９５），６．１５（２．９０￣１３．０６）和     

肺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

恶性肿瘤是影响人民生命健康的一类重要疾病,也是老年人的主要死因之一。近几年来,世界多数国家癌症发病率均呈上升趋势,其中肺癌升高的比重较大,目前肺癌尚处于病程短,生存率低的阶段,在治疗上还缺少可靠、有效的治愈方法。所以积极寻找预防肺癌发生的有效途径显得尤为重要。为此,我们在学校科技处的资助下,选择了大学以知识分子为主,这样一个特殊的固定人群作为研究对象,以探讨大学内知识分子人群中肺癌发生的危险因素,希望通过此次调查能对本区肺癌的预防工作提供科学依据。     

Breastfeeding and Risk of Breast Cancer: Case-Control Study

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association of breast cancer occurrence in women with their breastfeeding experience. A matched case-control study was conducted in Kragujevac, Serbia. A total of 382 women (191 cases with breast cancer and 191 controls) were interviewed, but the data were explored on breastfeeding and breast cancer only among parous women (339 women). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of the relative risk of breast cancer. Compared with controls, significantly more cases ever breastfed [adjusted OR (OR_adj) = 2.90, 95 percent confidence interval (95 percent CI) 1.02–8.22], breastfed all their children (OR_adj = 2.93; 95 percent CI 1.03–8.29), and had longer lifetime duration of breastfeeding (OR_adj = 3.44, 95 percent CI 1.15–10.24 for 13 or more months). In comparison with controls, significantly more cases breastfed at first birth (OR_adj = 3.17, 95 percent CI 1.36–7.37). Breast cancer risk increased if first breastfeeding occurred at an older age (p for trend = .042) and with longer duration of breastfeeding (p for trend = .037). Our study is one of the few in which breastfeeding was found to be a risk factor for breast cancer.     

原发性胃癌相关因素的条件Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨原发性胃癌的危险因素。方法：于1999年2月至2000年2月，在江西省进行了1次配对病例对照研究，资料统计采用Logistic回归模型。结果：经单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析后筛选出可能的危险因素有：喜食腌制仪食品、油炸食品、吸烟、进餐不规律；可能的保护因素有：喜食豆及豆类制品、新鲜蔬菜、饮用自来水为主、常饮绿茶4个因素。结论：饮食结构、生活习惯以及饮水类型与原发性胃癌有较好的关联。     

Association between Dietary Fatty Acid Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study in China

Associations of dietary fatty acids with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. The objective of this study was to examine whether dietary-derived fatty acid patterns were related to CRC risk among Chinese people. A total of 2806 CRC patients and 2806 frequency-matched controls were interviewed in this case-control study between July 2010 and May 2021. A food frequency questionnaire was used to gather information on dietary intake. Four fatty acid patterns were identified using factor analysis. The even-long-chain fatty acid pattern had no statistically significant association with CRC risk (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–1.39; p_trend = 0.129). However, significant inverse associations were found between the medium-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) pattern (aOR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.27–0.42), the highly unsaturated fatty acid pattern (aOR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.60–0.88), the odd-chain fatty acid pattern (aOR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.57–0.83), and CRC risk. The interaction between fatty acid patterns and sex was observed, and the association between the highly unsaturated fatty acid pattern and CRC risk differed by subsite. In conclusion, increasing the intakes of foods rich in medium-chain SFAs, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and odd-chain fatty acids may be related to a lower risk of CRC.     

Macronutrients Intake and Risk of Stomach Cancer: Findings from Case-Control Study

Studies on the association between gastric cancer (GC) and the intake of nutrients in Jordan are very limited, while findings from other reports on the intake of energy and macronutrients are controversial. This study aimed to examine the associations between intake of energy and macronutrients and the risk of GC in a Jordanian population. A case-control study was carried out between March 2015 and August 2018 in four major hospitals, including an oncology center in Jordan. Study participants were 173 cases with incident and histologically confirmed GC and 314 frequency-matched controls. Interview-based questionnaires were used to obtain the study’s information. Data on nutrient intake were collected using a validated Arabic food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through multinomial logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders, including age, marital status, education, body mass index (BMI), smoking, period of smoking, family history of gastric cancer, history of gastric ulcer, and physical activity. Intakes of total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, trans-fat, and omega-6 fatty acids were significantly associated with increased risk of GC. The ORs for the highest versus the lowest tertiles were 6.47 (95% Cl: 3.29–12.77), 2.97 (95% CI: 1.58–5.58), 6.84 (95% CI: 3.46–13.52), 6.19 (95% CI: 3.15–12.17), 3.05 (95% CI: 1.58–5.88), 8.11 (95% CI: 4.20–15.69), and 2.74 (95% CI: 1.47–5.09), respectively. No significant association was found for energy, protein, carbohydrate, sugar, fibers, and omega-3 fatty acids. The findings of this study suggest that high intake of selected types of fats was associated with an increased risk of GC.     

Effect of Dietary Salt Intake on Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Aim: The effect of dietary salt intake on the risk of gastric cancer is not clear. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between dietary salt intake and the risk of gastric cancer. Methods: Three major databases were searched to retrieve case-control studies published in English before 1 July 2022. Random effects model analysis was used to obtain the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between dietary salt intake and risk of gastric cancer. Subgroup analyses were used to identify possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: Thirty-eight case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis (total population: n = 37,225). The pooled ORs showed a significantly positive association between high salt intake and gastric cancer compared with low salt intake (OR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.45, 1.64); p < 0.001). In subgroup meta-analysis for geographic region, estimation method for dietary salt intake and the source of controls, this association was not changed. Conclusion: Higher dietary salt intake increased the risk of gastric cancer. This study has implications for the prevention of gastric cancer.     

武汉市肺癌流行因素的多元Logistic回归分析

本文报道了1985年武汉市城区原发性肺癌的配对病例对照研究。共收集病例103人,对照206人。条件 Logistic 回归模型拟合结果表明,吸烟、被动吸烟、慢性支气管炎、胃病史及家族肿瘤史是肺癌发病的危险因素。吸烟量、被动吸烟量及患慢性支气管炎的年数与患肺癌的危险性之间存在着明显的剂量—效应关系。文中详细表述了各危险因素在 Logistic 模型中的回归系数、标准化回归系数及OR 值的大小。     

滕州市乳腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的调查滕州市女性乳腺癌危险因素,为确定高危人群、制定干预对策与措施提供依据。方法选取滕州市2007年1月-2009年5月期间,经病理学证实的102例乳腺癌患者,进行1:1的病例对照研究,用SPSS12.0软件进行单因素和多因素logistic分析。结果经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,最终进入模型的因素为乳腺良性疾病史、不良性格、流产史、月经初潮年龄及哺乳史,其OR值分别为3.411、2.479、1.751、0.725和0.282。结论乳腺良性疾病史、不良性格、流产史、月经初潮年龄小的人群易患乳腺癌,母乳喂养是乳腺癌发病的保护性因素。     

Lung Cancer Risk and Welding—Preliminary Results From an Ongoing Case-Control Study

In a hospital-based case-control study, 391 male cases of primary lung cancer and the same number of controls—matched by sex, age, and region—were personally interviewed for their job and smoking histories. The data reported reflect the midpoint of a study aiming at a total of 1,000 cases. One objective of the study was to assess confounding by asbestos exposure in what was thought to be a welding-associated risk. While the odds ratios (OR) increased steeply with cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke and were raised also for lifelong asbestos exposure of over 4,100 working hours (OR = 1.91), the effect of welding exposure was reduced after adjustment for smoking and exposure to asbestos. Furthermore, no consistent dose-response relationship could be shown in relation to welding hours. Therefore the present study supports the hypothesis that some, if not all, of the excess risk of welders observed in the literature may be due to the exposure to asbestos. The finding that the subgroup of employees in the aircraft industry showed an increased odds ratio of 2.14 after adjustment for smoking and exposure to asbestos deserves further attention. This suggests the need for further research on the role of berryllium-containing alloys, which has been suggested by other authors.     

Gastric Cancer and the Daily Intake of the Major Dish Groups Contributing to Sodium Intake: A Case-Control Study in Korea

Studies on the association between gastric cancer (GC) and the intake of soup-based dish groups (noodles and dumplings, soups, and stews), which are sodium-contributing foods, in Korea are insufficient, and the results of studies on the intake of pickled vegetables such as kimchi are inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the association between the incidence of GC and the daily intake of high-sodium dish groups (noodles and dumplings, soups, stews, and pickled vegetables) and whether these associations differ depending on behavioral risk factors for GC. In this case-control study, subjects aged 20–79 years were recruited from two hospitals between December 2002 and September 2006. A total of 440 cases and 485 controls were recruited, of which 307 pairs were matched and included for the analysis. In our results, a higher intake of noodles and dumplings was associated with a significantly increased incidence of GC. In the participants who consumed past or current alcohol, a higher intake of noodles and dumplings was associated with a significantly increased incidence of GC. Our results suggest that efforts to reduce the daily sodium intake from noodles and dumplings are needed to prevent and reduce the incidence of GC.