乳腺癌术后上肢水肿的预防与治疗

目的探讨乳腺癌术后同侧上肢肿胀发生的原因及预防与治疗。方法回顾性分析我科2006-10-2009-10施行乳腺癌改良根治术126例中术后并发同侧上肢肿胀32例的临床资料。结果术后并发同侧上肢肿胀32例,发生率为25.4%。术后创口Ⅰ期愈合者上肢肿胀发生率为22.4%（22/98）,术后创口愈合不良、皮瓣局部坏死、皮下积液者上肢肿胀发生率为35.7%（10/28）。结论乳腺癌术后同侧上肢肿胀的直接原因是腋窝淋巴结的清扫,其次为术后辅助放疗,并与创口愈合不良、皮瓣局部坏死、皮下积液等有关。适当考虑缩小腋窝淋巴结清扫范围,合理应用术后辅助放疗和及时处理术后并发症等对上肢肿胀有预防作用,可降低其发生率。     

乳腺癌手术方式与上肢淋巴水肿的相关研究

目的探索乳腺癌根治术后上肢淋巴水肿的原因及防治。方法对340例乳腺癌术后发生的86例上肢淋巴水肿进行回顾性分析。结果340例乳腺癌根治术患者中,179例行Halsted根治术,发生患侧上肢淋巴水肿56例,发生率31.28%(56/179),其中Ⅰ级28例、Ⅱ级19例、Ⅲ级9例;161例行Patey改良根治术,30例发生上肢淋巴水肿,发生率为18.63%(30/161),其中Ⅰ级15例、Ⅱ级11例、Ⅲ级4例。根治组术后放疗121例,发生上肢淋巴水肿37例。改良根治组放疗59例,发生上肢淋巴水肿17例。结论乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿主要与手术方式和术后放疗有关,术后上肢淋巴水肿重在预防和早期治疗。     

乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿的危险因素分析

  目的 分析接受腋窝淋巴结清扫的乳腺癌患者术后上肢淋巴水肿的发生情况,并探讨与水肿发生相关的危险因素。方法 回顾分析261例沈阳市乳腺癌患者的临床资料,统计可能与术后上肢淋巴水肿发生相关的13个因素：发病年龄、体质指数、肿瘤大小、临床分期、前哨淋巴结活检、腋窝清扫范围、淋巴结病理分期、腋窝淋巴结清扫数量、放疗、化疗、内分泌治疗、优势侧上肢、术后愈合并发症,对所得数据采用SPSS13. 0软件进行Logistic回归分析。结果 全组261例患者中52例（19.9%）术后发生了上肢淋巴水肿,其中轻度水肿26例（50.0%）,中度水肿19例（36.5%）,重度水肿7例（13.5%）。与术后上肢淋巴水肿发生有关的危险因素有5项,分别为年龄（OR=3.196）、体质指数（OR=2.211）、腋窝清扫范围（OR=3.582）、放疗（OR=3.689）和伤口愈合并发症（OR=3.263）。结论 术后放疗、腋窝清扫范围、术后愈合并发症（包括延迟愈合、感染、积液等）、年龄、体质指数为接受腋窝淋巴结清扫的乳腺癌患者术后发生上肢淋巴水肿的独立危险因素。     

45例乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿分析

目的探讨研究乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿原因和对应措施。方法回顾我院乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿45例临床资料进行分析总结。结果导致术后上肢淋巴水肿原因与手术方式腋窝清扫的范围有关,与放疗有关,与术后创口愈合有关。结论:在临床治疗中注意相应的诱发因素可以明显减少乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿。     

乳腺癌根治术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿的影响因素

目的：分析乳腺癌根治术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿的影响因素。方法：选取2019年4月至2022年4月于该院行乳腺癌根治术的122例患者进行前瞻性研究,收集患者临床资料,术后6个月评估患者上肢淋巴水肿发生情况,根据是否发生上肢淋巴水肿分别将其纳入发生组与未发生组。采用Logistic回归分析乳腺癌根治术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿的影响因素。结果：122例乳腺癌根治术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿18例,发生率为14.75%(18/122);两组年龄、体质量指数、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤最大直径比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;发生组临床分期Ⅲ期、腋窝淋巴结转移、腋窝淋巴结清扫数目≥10个、伤口愈合延迟、术后放化疗占比均高于未发生组,术后早期上肢功能锻炼占比低于未发生组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,腋窝淋巴结转移、腋窝淋巴结清扫数目≥10个、伤口愈合延迟、术后放化疗均为乳腺癌根治术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿的危险因素（OR>1,P<0.05）,术后早期上肢功能锻炼为乳腺癌根治术后患者发生上肢淋巴水肿的保护因素（OR<1,P<0.05...     

45例乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿分析

目的探讨研究乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿原因和对应措施。方法回顾我院乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿45例临床资料进行分析总结。结果导致术后上肢淋巴水肿原因与手术方式腋窝清扫的范围有关,与放疗有关,与术后创口愈合有关。结论：在临床治疗中注意相应的诱发因素可以明显减少乳腺癌术后上肢淋巴水肿。     

乳腺癌改良根治术中保留胸外侧静脉的临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌改良根治术中清扫腋窝淋巴结时保留胸外侧静脉的临床意义。方法前瞻性分析我院乳腺外科2010年1月至2011年12月行改良根治术的I期和II期的乳腺癌患者140例,其中在腋窝淋巴结清扫术中保留胸外侧静脉65例（保留组）,切除胸外侧静脉75例（切除组）;对比分析两组术后患者患侧上肢水肿情况。结果保留组患者患侧上肢水肿发生率为4．6％（3／65）,而切除组患侧上肢水肿发生率为17．3％（13／75）,两组差异有显著性（P〈O．05）。平均随访1．6年,140例患者均未见局部复发。结论乳腺癌改良根治术中腋窝淋巴结清扫时保留胸外侧静脉可以减轻患侧上肢水肿发生率,不增加局部复发的风险,应成为乳腺癌改良根治手术的有益组成部分。     

早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术中保留肋间臂神经的方法及临床价值

目的 探讨乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清扫术中保留肋间臂神经的方法及临床意义.方法 分析手术治疗的106例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者肋间臂神经保留情况,其中完整保留肋间臂神经72例,切除34例,术后对患者进行观察并随访.结果 保留肋间臂神经的72例中,术后患侧上臂内侧及腋部皮肤感觉障碍发生率为9.72%(7/72);切除肋间臂神经的34例中,感觉障碍发生率为91.18%(31/34),P＜0.001.术后随访均未见肿瘤局部复发.结论 早期乳腺癌行腋窝淋巴结清扫术保留肋问臂神经可以明显减少术后患侧腋窝及上肢感觉异常.     

乳腺癌腋窝清扫术中保留肋间臂神经50例分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌改良根治术中保留肋间臂神经的可行性及必要性。方法:106例Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲa期乳腺癌改良根治术患者,随机分为两组:观察组(50例)行腋窝清扫术时保留肋间臂神经,对照组(56例)行腋窝清扫术时常规切除肋间臂神经,两组患者术后均按乳腺癌行规范化综合治疗,进行严密随访观察。结果:观察组术后32例患者无感觉方面上的变化,3例发生感觉麻木,2例上肢出现烧灼感,13例上肢出现感觉减退。而对照组术后7例患者出现腋窝无汗,19例发生感觉麻木,11例上肢出现烧灼感,13例上肢出现感觉减退。肋间臂神经保留组42例患者术后未发生患肢疼痛;而对照组51例患者术后发生患肢疼痛。两组上肢感觉变化及疼痛发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:乳腺癌改良根治术患者保留肋间臂神经可以明显减少术后患侧上肢感觉障碍和疼痛的发生,从而提高患者生活质量。     

黄芪桂枝五物汤加减治疗乳腺癌术后同侧上肢水肿疗效观察

近年乳腺癌发生率增高,逐渐占女性肿瘤的首位,手术放化疗是其常规治疗方法。手术中腋窝淋巴结清扫和放疗经常容易出现术后同侧上肢水肿,患者常需终身忍受此病带来外观异常、反复感染、上肢功能障碍甚至残疾等痛苦。本科自2004年来采     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.