补体受体1型的结构功能及sCR1基因克隆表达的策略

补体受体1型（Complement receptor type 1,CR1）具有外源性及内源性活性,既可灭活组装于非自身细胞膜上的C3/C5转化酶,也可灭活自身细胞膜上形成的C3/C5转化酶。CR1是唯一既对经典,替代及植物凝集素（MBL）3个补体激活途径的,对C3/C5转化酶拥有衰变加速活性,又有辅助1因子裂解C3b和C4b作用的补体调节蛋白。对补体分子的过度活化具有抑制和调节作用,在防治补体介导的缺血再灌注损伤以及异种器官移植超急性排斥反应等疾病具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要综述CR1的结构功能及生物学活性,sCR1基因的克隆与表达及在创伤、缺血再灌注损伤中的应用研究现状。     

Possibilities and limitations of radiology--CT and MRT in cases of tumors of the uterus and ovary

The author describes the present possibilities of computed tomography (CT) and of magnetic resonance (MR) tomography. MR is superior to CT in the visualisation of carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium, especially in the initial stages, whereas in the diagnosis of the spread of tumours (especially the advanced ones) CT yields results similar to those of MR. In carcinoma of the ovary, however, MR has so far not proved to be definitely superior to CT despite the multiplanar visualisation possibilities it offers. It is in fact inferior to CT especially in clarifying the extent of extrapelvic spread. In posttherapeutic diagnostics MR explores new avenues in respect of delineation between scar and recurrence, as initial investigations have shown.     

Science and medicine of canoeing and kayaking

Canoeing and kayaking are upper-body sports that make varying demands on the body, depending on the type of contest and the distance covered. The shorter events (500 m) are primarily anaerobic (2 minutes of exercise), calling for powerful shoulder muscles with a high proportion of fast-twitch fibres. In contrast, 10,000 m events call for aerobic work to be performed by the arms. Such contestants need a high proportion of slow-twitch fibres, and an ability to develop close to 100% of their leg maximum oxygen intake when paddling. In slalom and whitewater contests, the value of physiological testing is somewhat limited, since performance is strongly influenced by experience and the ability to make precisely judged rapid paddling efforts under considerable emotional stress. Paddlers face dangers from their hostile cold water environment; causes of fatalities (drowning, cardiac arrest, ventricular fibrillation and hypothermia) are briefly reviewed. Medical problems include provision of adequate nutrition and a clean water supply, effects of repeated immersion (softening of the skin, blistering, paronychial infections, sinusitis, otitis), varicose veins (secondary to thoracic fixation) and hazards of exposure to fibreglass and polystyrene in the home workshop. Surgical problems include muscle sprains and mechanical injuries (haemotomas, lacerations, contusions, concussion, and fractures).     

Accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for assessment of position and morphology of mandibular third molars and prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies

OBJECTIVES: To compare the accuracy of digital and film panoramic radiographs for determining (1) the position and morphology of mandibular third molars before surgical removal and (2) the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-eight third mandibular molars were available for examination. Position and morphology of third molars observed on film radiographs and on digital panoramic images from five systems (DenOptix, DigiDent, Digora, Dimax2 and Orthophos Plus) were recorded by two observers and were compared with surgeons' findings at the time of the operation (gold standard). One observer further recorded the prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies on both imaging modalities. RESULTS: Few differences were found between the digital and film-based panoramic systems in the assessment of accuracy of position and morphology of mandibular third molars. The prevalence of dental anomalies and pathologies determined with the two modalities was roughly similar. CONCLUSION: The five digital panoramic systems evaluated in this study were equally as useful for third molar treatment planning and diagnosis of dental anomalies and pathologies as conventional film-based panoramic radiographs.     

闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊断与治疗

目的 提高对闭合性喉气管断裂伤的诊治水平.方法 报告38例闭合性喉气管断裂伤病例的临床资料,其中急性外伤16例,陈旧性外伤22例.对临床易发生的问题进行分析.结果 38例中16例急性喉外伤在24～48小时之间行手术治疗,22例陈旧性喉外伤因其它原因在32～129天后行手术治疗.35例手术成功拔管,3例因喉气管狭窄手术失败不能拔管,均为陈旧期手术患者.结论 对于急性闭合性喉气管断裂伤应根据其病情轻重程度进行早期处理,尽快恢复喉和气管通气功能,预防后遗症及并发症的发生,提高治愈率.     

快餐消费者的消费行为心理及对营养的认知调查

 目的 调查分析快餐消费者对快餐的营养认知、消费行为和消费心理情况,引导消费者正确处理快餐与日常正餐的关系。方法 采用随机抽样的方法,选择北京地区中、西式快餐各3个品牌,每个品牌选择4家分店,采用入店访问式现场调查方法,数据处理采用频数分析法。结果 共调查1722名,问卷合格率98.6%,选择中西式快餐的人群多为20～39岁者(68%),大多数消费者因为“口味喜欢”(66.4%)而选择快餐,且优选“优惠套餐”(48.2%),为了“省事方便”(64.3%)。消费快餐的频率多数是每月就餐1～2次(35.1%),多数优选“西式快餐店的中式食品”(60.3%),对中西式快餐店中的健康宣传语 “偶尔看看”(55.9%),但多数认为起到了“警示和营养宣教的作用”(64.1%)。大多数消费者认为,媒体对西式快餐的报道未影响他们对西式快餐的正常消费(44.9%);但中式快餐的负面报道却影响了消费者的正常消费(43.9%),理由多数是“影响健康”(37.9%)。快餐消费人群中体型正常者居多,但40岁以上者超重百分比大于20～39岁者。结论 中西式快餐消费人群为20～39岁者,消费频率不高,多数因为“口味喜欢”而选择中式或西式快餐,基本不存在对中式或西式快餐食品安全误解的问题,对快餐店的营养健康宣传语持赞同态度,但如何处理快餐与正常餐的搭配问题,存在误区。     

经尿道前列腺汽化切割术的并发症及其防治

目的：分析经尿道汽化切割术治疗前列腺增生（BPH）的常见并发症：方法：回顾性分析经尿道前列腺电汽化切割术（TUEVAP）治疗的BPH 325例的并发症,探讨其常见病因和发生率。结果：术后电切综合征（TURS）1例（0.3％）,包膜穿孔尿外渗1例（0.3％）,膀胱爆裂1例（0.3％）,急性心肌梗塞1例（0.3％）,急迫性尿失禁4例（1.2％）,深静脉血栓形成1例（0.3％）,迟发性出血6例（1．9％）,尿道狭窄6例（1．9％）,膀胱颈缩窄3例（0.9％）。结论：TUEVAP是治疗BPH（包括高危BPH）安全而有效的外科治疗方法,只要加强围手术期各环节的处理,可降低并发症发生率。     

阑尾黏液性肿瘤的CT和MRI诊断及良恶性鉴别

【摘要】目的：探讨阑尾黏液性肿瘤的CT及MRI特征,并分析其良、恶性鉴别要点。方法：回顾性分析67例经病理证实的阑尾黏液性肿瘤的临床资料,其中黏液腺癌27例,黏液性囊腺瘤22例,低级别黏液性肿瘤18例。分组对照分析CT及MRI征象并行Logistic回归分析性别、年龄、部位、大小、形态、境界、根蒂和囊壁（厚度、均匀度、光滑度、完整度）、内容物（壁结节、分隔、钙化、囊液、气体）、强化（强度、均匀性、方式）、腹水、淋巴结等因素与良、恶性的相关性。结果：黏液腺癌多表现为长茄子形,最大径6.5cm（2.9～11.2cm）,长径与短径比值平均2.5。27例均囊壁不光整,边界不清,强化不均匀,多伴附壁结节样（n=11）或分隔条絮样强化（n=13）,钙化(n=17)以囊内颗粒状多见（n=14）,部分可见囊壁破裂形成腹腔假性黏液瘤（n=12）及腹腔种植转移（n=8）。黏液性囊腺瘤多为球形,最大径3.5cm（2.2～9.5cm）,长径与短径比值平均1.65,囊壁相对光整,边界相对较清,强化较均匀;钙化（n=17）多为附壁蛋壳样钙化（n=11）,腹水少见。低级别黏液性肿瘤恶性度较低,影像表现介于黏液腺癌与囊腺瘤之间, 1例穿孔但未见腹腔种植转移。Logistic回归分析提示良性组的根蒂和囊壁均匀度、光滑度及其强化均匀性与恶性组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:阑尾黏液性肿瘤病理上分为上述三类,CT、MRI表现有一定特征性,但术前相互鉴别困难;根蒂和囊壁的均匀度、光滑度及强化均匀性等因素对判断良恶性有帮助,由于样本量有限,其他因素的鉴别价值有待进一步研究。     

创伤性膈疝合并胸腔胃破裂的早期诊断与急救

对创伤性膈疝合并胸腔胃破裂的致伤原因、临床表现、早期诊断与急救进行回顾性分析.认为早期诊断、及时救治,妥善处理腹部其他合并伤是增加治愈率,减少并发症,降低死亡率的关键.     

MRI of the foot and ankle: prevalence and distribution of occult and palpable ganglia

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and anatomic distribution of occult and palpable ganglia of the foot and ankle as seen by MRI. Within a 7-year period MRI of the ankle was performed on 2813 patients, and MRI of the foot on 2277 patients using a 1.5T magnet. In all, 167 ganglia in 155 patients were detected. MR images of these patients were reviewed retrospectively by two observers with regard to prevalence, imaging characteristics, and exact anatomic location of ganglia. Clinical findings and (when available) surgical reports were also reviewed. One hundred fifty-seven ganglia in 145 patients were present on MR images of the ankle, and 10 ganglia in 10 patients on MR images of the foot, resulting in a prevalence of 5.6% (157/2813) in the ankle, and a prevalence of 0.4% (10/2277) in the foot. The most common location was the tarsal sinus or tarsal canal (57/167 ganglia [34.1%]). However, only four of these (7%) were palpable as a soft-tissue mass. The second most common location was around the Lisfranc joint (23/167 [13.8%]), of which 11/23 [47.8%] were clinically palpable. Palpable ganglia were statistically larger in size than occult ganglia measured in any of three diameters (P = 0.01-0.002). In addition, ganglia of the foot and ankle represented 42% of all clinically suspected soft-tissue masses. Ganglia in the foot and ankle are an infrequent finding on routine MRI of the foot and ankle. When they occur, these ganglia are most frequently located in the tarsal sinus and tarsal canal, where they are occult to clinical palpation. If ganglia are clinically palpable, they are most commonly located around the Lisfranc joint. In addition, palpable ganglia are larger than occult ganglia.     

6例气管、支气管破裂的诊断和治疗

回顾分析2002年3月~2013年5月收治的6例气管、支气管破裂患者的临床资料,其中5例行手术治疗,均治愈出院;1例行非手术治疗,因感染、衰竭而死亡。CT气道重建及纤支镜检查对诊断具有重要价值,一经诊断明确应尽早手术,预后良好。     

Design and interpretation of anthropometric and fitness testing of basketball players

The volume of literature on fitness testing in court sports such as basketball is considerably less than for field sports or individual sports such as running and cycling. Team sport performance is dependent upon a diverse range of qualities including size, fitness, sport-specific skills, team tactics, and psychological attributes. The game of basketball has evolved to have a high priority on body size and physical fitness by coaches and players. A player's size has a large influence on the position in the team, while the high-intensity, intermittent nature of the physical demands requires players to have a high level of fitness. Basketball coaches and sport scientists often use a battery of sport-specific physical tests to evaluate body size and composition, and aerobic fitness and power. This testing may be used to track changes within athletes over time to evaluate the effectiveness of training programmes or screen players for selection. Sports science research is establishing typical (or 'reference') values for both within-athlete changes and between-athlete differences. Newer statistical approaches such as magnitude-based inferences have emerged that are providing more meaningful interpretation of fitness testing results in the field for coaches and athletes. Careful selection and implementation of tests, and more pertinent interpretation of data, will enhance the value of fitness testing in high-level basketball programmes. This article presents reference values of fitness and body size in basketball players, and identifies practical methods of interpreting changes within players and differences between players beyond the null-hypothesis.     

Staging and surgical management of pancreatic and biliary cancer and inflammation

Management of benign and malignant diseases of the pancreas, liver, and biliary tract has made remarkable progress in the last two decades. Advances in minimally invasive surgery, interventional radiology, and diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy have changed the treatment of common diseases such as cholelithiasis and more serious diseases such as pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Advances in biliary tract and pancreatic surgery have paralleled the advances in ultrasonographic imaging, CT, and MR imaging. This article outlines the surgeon's perspective on radiologic imaging and preoperative staging of benign and malignant biliary and pancreatic disease.     

气管支气管破裂的诊断和处理

目的 评价早、晚期气管、支气管断裂的诊断、治疗特点与动脉血气改变。方法 分析34例气管、支气管破裂的病裂,包括气管重建2例、修补2例及保守治疗3例,支气管重建19例,全肺切除6例。术前和术后2周进行动脉血气分析。结果 29例经手术治疗后痊愈,4例保守治愈,1例拒绝手术。结论 诊断依据胸部外伤史、胸部X线检查和纤维支气管镜检查,治疗采取气管、支气管重建术。重建术后出现支气管吻合口狭窄者经再次手术治疗效果仍满意。动脉血气分析显示,术后2周多数患者PaO2和SaO2可恢复到正常水平。     

氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的质量控制及稳定性探讨

目的 建立测定氟罗沙星葡萄糖注射液的质量控制方法,并考察其稳定性.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:WondasilTM C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:三乙胺磷酸溶液-乙腈(83:17);检测波长:286 nm;流速:1.0 ml/ min;柱温:30℃;进样量20μl.结果 氟罗沙星的浓...