TCD对糖尿病患者基底动脉血流动力学变化的检测

目的应用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）观察81例糖尿病患者的基底动脉（BA）血流动力学变化。方法将81例糖尿病患者TCD检测结果与90例高血压患者进行对照。结果糖尿病组BA的血流增快稍低于MCA，高血压组BA的血流增快则明显低于MCA，2组相比糖尿病组BA的血流增快明显高于高血压组，而且糖尿病组BA的频谱和音频异常率不仅明显高于高血压组的同名动脉，也高于同组的MCA和VA。结论对糖尿病和非糖尿病患者的TCD检测有助于及早发现隐性糖尿病，预防糖尿病患者发生缺血性脑血管病。     

TCD对55例2型糖尿病患者脑血流变化的临床研究

目的应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检查老年糖尿病患者颅内血管状况,以了解糖尿病与血流动力学变化的关系。方法对55例老年糖尿病患者与60例非糖尿病者进行TCD检查,观察大脑中动脉(MCA)、颈内动脉(ICA)终末端、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)的血流速度和频谱信号。结果老年糖尿病患者颅内动脉血流速度明显增快,其血管狭窄发生率高于非糖尿病者。结论TCD检查对老年糖尿病患者颅内血管状况的评价具有重要的参考价值。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与2型糖尿病慢性并发症的相关研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者慢性并发症脑血管病变与高同型半胱氨酸血症的相关性。方法 对32例伴高同型半胱氨酸血症并已确诊的2型糖尿病患者与无高同型半胱氨酸血症的16例2型糖尿病患者做对照研究。两组均进行TCD检查,就血流收缩期速度(Vs)、平均血流速度(Vm)参数的结果作比较分析。结果TCD显示高同型半胱氨酸的糖尿病患者脑血管病变发生率为60％,明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且频谱有特异性改变。病例组各检测动脉以大脑中动脉(MCA)、颈内动脉末端(ICA)、基底动脉(BA)的Vm数值明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.001)。结论 伴有高同型半胱氨酸血症的2型糖尿病患者更易出现脑血管病变。     

TCD对55例2型糖尿病患者脑血流变化的临床研究

目的应用经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检查老年糖尿病患者颅内血管状况，以了解糖尿病与血流动力学变化的关系。方法对55例老年糖尿病患者与60例非糖尿病者进行TCD检查，观察大脑中动脉（MCA）、颈内动脉（ICA）终末端、大脑前动脉（ACA）、大脑后动脉（PcA）的血流速度和频谱信号。结果老年糖尿病患者颅内动脉血流速度明显增快，其血管狭窄发生率高于非糖尿病者。结论TCD检查对老年糖尿病患者颅内血管状况的评价具有重要的参考价值。     

椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕的经颅多普勒超声诊断价值

目的分析椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕老年患者颅脑多普勒超声(TCD)检查的血流动力学指标以及异常情况。方法选取2014—2016年茌平县人民医院收治的90例椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕患者90例为观察组,选取同期健康体检的老年人为对照组,对比2组TCD检测指标及检查结果异常率。结果 90例椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕患者中TCD检查存在异常的患者73例(81.11%),其中60例为椎基底动脉血流异常(82.19%)。观察组大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)以及基底动脉(BA)与椎动脉(VA)的Vm均明显低于对照组(P0.05),ACA、VA、BA的PI指数明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论椎基底动脉缺血性眩晕老年患者TCD检查可见颅内血流指标改变明显,椎基底动脉改变较为明显。     

中青年偏头痛患者经颅多普勒及脑干听觉诱发电位的变化

目的研究中青年偏头痛患者头痛发作期经颅多普勒(TCD)及脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)的变化。方法偏头痛组150例,对照组60例,分别行TCD检查,测定双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)、大脑后动脉(PCA)、椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)的平均血流速度(Vm)。偏头痛组行BAEP检查,测定I、III、V波潜伏期及I-III、III-V峰间期。结果双侧MCA、ACA、PCA、BA的Vm增快。偏头痛组病程越长,BAEP异常率越高,表现为III、V波潜伏期及I-III、III-V波峰间期延长。结论TCD、BAEP相结合,有助于偏头痛的诊断及脑功能情况的评定。     

TCD检测尿毒症患者血透前后的脑血流

应用经颅多谱勒超声(TCD)检测30例尿毒症血透患者,结果显示:观察组MCA、ACA、PCA、VA和BA的Vm均明显高于对照组(P<0.001).观察组各动脉的PI与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05).观察组各动脉的血流速度在血透后有明显降低(P<0.05).血透后的脑血流速度仍高于对照组(P<0.01),但PI变化不显著(P>0.05).说明:TCD能检测尿毒症血透患者脑血管痉挛所致的血流速度改变.     

TCD对头痛患儿血管舒张收缩功能及血流变化诊断价值研究

目的评价经颅多普勒超声(TCD)对小儿偏头痛患儿血管舒张、收缩功能及血流变化诊断价值。方法比较86例儿童偏头痛患者和71例健康儿童的TCD检测指标(两侧大脑前动脉(anterior cerebral artery,ACA)、经颞窗探测两侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)、基底动脉(basilar artery,BA)、两侧大脑后动脉(posterior cerebral artery,PCA)及两侧椎动脉(vertebral artery,VA)血流速度,患儿组采用西比灵治疗,比较治疗前后TCD检测指标。结果患儿组TCD异常率为98.8%(85/86),显著高于健康人群组的1.4%(1/71),差异有统计学意义(x2=6.743,P=0.011);与健康组同龄段相比,患儿组颅内各动脉平均血流速度显著高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);所有患者PI值、RI值与健康组一致(P0.05);治疗后患儿组MCA、ICA、ACA、PCA、BA和VA的Vm显著下降(P0.01),恢复至正常水平。结论 TCD能够准确反映头痛患儿血管舒张、收缩功能和血流变化,对儿童偏头痛的诊断具有重要价值。     

200例偏头痛患者急性发作期的经颅多普勒超声（TCD）检测及相关因素分析

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声（TCD）对偏头痛急性发作期的检测意义。方法将200例偏头痛患者按不同年龄段分成5组,在急性发作期进行TCD检测血流速度。结果偏头痛患者不同年龄段急性发作期脑血流速度和正常人血流速度与同名动脉比较,偏头痛患者MCA及PCA、VA血流速度和正常人血流速度比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。偏头痛患者TCD检测的总体表现脑血管血流速度增快。有先兆偏头痛与无先兆偏头痛的2组血流速度比较不明显（P〉0．05）。结论TCD能敏感地反映偏头痛患者在急性发作期颅脑血管舒缩功能及其血流动力学变化情况,TCD检测结果可作为偏头痛患者急性发作期的诊断依据。     

精神分裂症患者脑血流动力学的对照研究

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者脑血流动力学的变化。方法　采用经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)检测 38例年龄 18～ 39岁精神分裂症患者 ,并与 36例正常人进行对照研究。结果　精神分裂症患者TCD血流异常 36 .84 %。患者两侧大脑中动脉 (MCA)、大脑前动脉 (ACA)、大脑后动脉 (PCA)及颈内动脉(ICA)颅外段的平均流速 (Vm)均较对照组显著减慢 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而基底动脉 (BA)的Vm则较对照组显著增快 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,两侧椎动脉 (VA)的Vm也较对照组增快 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　精神分裂症患者存在脑血流动力学的改变 ,使用脑营养代谢药物可能有助于患者的康复     

Cerebral blood flow changes in patients with probable medication-overuse headache

Transcranial Doppler (TCD) is a non-invasive method for measuring blood flow velocity (BFV), and a marker of vessel diameter. In this study, intracranial BFV was investigated, by means of TCD, in patients suffering from probable medication-overuse headache (PMOH). Twenty-three female patients with probable ergotamine- overuse headache (PEOH), 23 female patients with probable analgesic-overuse headache (PAOH), and 15 healthy female controls participated in the study. The mean BFVs of the bilateral middle and anterior cerebral arteries (MCA and ACA) and basilar artery (BA) were measured by TCD. The mean BFVs of the BA and MCA were found to be significantly increased in the PEOH group when compared with those of the PAOH and control groups (p<0.05). No significant differences in BFV of the ACA were observed between any groups (p>0.05). The mean BFV of all the vessels in the PAOH group was found to be lower than that of the control group but no statistical significance was found (p>0.05). Our results show that ergotamine increases BFV via vasoconstriction, especially of the BA and MCA. We also suggest that 5HT1B/1D receptors are mainly localized in the BA and MCA, and that analgesic overuse results in a functional disorder of neuronal receptor and neurovascular reflexes and may cause a reduction of intracerebral vessel tone, leading to vasodilatation.     

Arterial pulsatility as an index of cerebral microangiopathy in diabetes

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes related to diabetes mellitus (DM) with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). METHODS: We measured the flow velocities and the Gosling pulsatility index (PI) of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA), and basilar artery (BA) in 56 stroke-free, normotensive patients with type 2 DM and 70 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. RESULTS: Patients showed slightly lower hematocrit and higher serum fibrinogen levels than control subjects, but other clinical profiles, including stroke risk factors except for diabetes, were comparable between patients and controls. The flow velocity of the ICA but not the MCA and BA in patients regardless of the complication was significantly higher than that in controls. The PIs of the MCA and ICA were significantly higher in patients with complication than those without complication, as well as in controls. The PI of the BA was also significantly higher, even in patients without complication, than in controls. The PIs of the MCA and ICA but not the BA were closely correlated with the duration of DM (r(2)=0.46 and 0.34, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study defines TCD findings of diabetes-related cerebral hemodynamic changes and suggests that the PI reflects microangiopathic changes of cerebral vessels.     

大面积脑梗死脑血流动力学动态变化研究

目的探讨大面积脑梗死后颅内血流动力学动态的变化特点。方法对58例大面积脑梗死患者采用影像学供血模型分为完全MCA型和MCA皮质型,利用床旁经颅彩色多普勒（TCD）于入院当天和1周内隔日1次及第14天动态检测颅内血流情况,通过测定脑底动脉血流速度、搏动指数及血流速度比值（RVACA）,观察颅内血管血流动力学变化。结果大面积脑梗死病灶侧大脑中动脉（MCA）平均血流速度（Vm）、颈内动脉（ICA）平均血流速度均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,完全MCA型组较MCA皮质型组MCA血流速度明显减慢;完全MCA型与MCA皮质型梗死后动态观察MCA血流变化不明显,NIHSS评分及Pi在第3、5、7天较第1天明显增高（P〈0.05）,NIHSS评分变化最明显。结论大面积脑梗死患者可通过床旁TCD动态检测,及时发现侧支循环代偿及血管再通情况,评价颅内压动态变化,结合神经功能缺损评分,观察脱水降颅压治疗反应,为患者选择合适的治疗方案提供依据。     

经颅多普勒监测蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的临床观察

目的总结应用经颅多普勒(TCD)监测蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛的临床价值。方法对2015-06—2016-05本院收治的78例SAH患者进行回顾性分析,均进行TCD监测,同时对患者进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,观察各个时间段患者颅内血管血流速度变化,并以DSA检查结果作为标准判断TCD诊断颅内血管痉挛的价值。结果在7~10d时间段,患者的MCA、ACA、VA、BA血流速度达到峰值,后逐渐下降,颅内血管痉挛现象逐渐缓解;SAH患者MCA、ACA、VA、BA血流速度在7d、7~10d、10~14d三个时间段比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);78例SAH患者,TCD诊断发生颅内血管痉挛59例,DSA诊断发生率颅内血管痉挛62例,TCD诊断SAH患者发生颅内血管痉挛的灵敏度为93.55%、特异度为93.75%、漏诊率为6.45%、误诊率为6.25%,TCD诊断颅内血管痉挛与DSA的一致性Kappa=0.816,P0.05。结论 TCD检查诊断SAH后出现颅内血管痉挛具有准确性高、无创等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

经颅多普勒超声诊断脑动脉痉挛与数字减影血管造影的对比研究

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)诊断大脑中动脉(MCA)、椎动脉(VA)、基底动脉(BA)痉挛的可靠性。方法对50例蛛网膜下腔出血患者同时行TCD和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查并进行对比分析。结果DSA发现MCA痉挛26条，其中TCD检出21条，DSA未证实有痉挛的MCA中，TCD检出4条，TCD诊断MCA痉挛的敏感性为80．8％，特异性为84．0％，而且MCA痉挛程度越重，TCD敏感性越高。DSA发现BA痉挛18条，其中经TCD检出13条，DSA未证实有痉挛的BA中，TCD检出4条，TCD诊断BA痉挛的敏感性为72．2％，特异性为76．5％。DSA发现VA痉挛28条，其中经TCD检出20条，DSA未证实有痉挛的VA中，TCD检出6条，TCD诊断VA痉挛的敏感性为71．4％，特异性为76．9％。结论TCD诊断MCA、VA、BA痉挛有较高的可靠性。     

糖尿病与高血压病的脑血流动力学对照研究——经颅多普勒超声研究报告

为了观察糖尿病和高血压病对脑血流动力学的影响 ,我们采用经颅多普勒检测了糖尿病、高血压病以及糖尿病 高血压三组患者脑底动脉的血流速度。结果为糖尿病组 ( n=4 8)的血流异常率为4 1.7% ,高血压病组 ( n=160 )的异常率为 30 % ,而糖尿病 高血压病组 ( n=35)的异常率则高达 82 .9% ,明显高于前两组 ( P<0 .0 0 5)。各组患者都以 MCA的血流异常最为突出 ,其次为 ACA、CS、BA、VA和PCA,而糖尿病 高血压病组的 CS损害亦较为突出。认为高血压病的脑血管损害随病情进展而增加 ;糖尿病的脑血管损害较高血压病多见 ,而这两类疾病一旦同时存在 ,则其血管损害的效应会倍增     

The Role of Transcranial Doppler in Symptomatic Striatocapsular Small Deep Infarction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The transcranial Doppler (TCD) findings in symptomatic small deep infarction are not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TCD in striatocapsular small deep infarctions (SSDIs). METHODS: The cerebral angiography and TCD findings were analyzed on 100 patients with symptomatic cerebral infarcts on the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TCD in detecting the MCA lesions were compared between lacunar group (the patients with lacunar syndrome and SSDIs on magnetic resonance image) and nonlacunar group. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were classified as the lacunar group, whereas 62 patients as the nonlacunar group. On angiography, occlusive lesion of MCA was found in 18 of the lacunar group and 24 patients of the nonlacunar group. The degree of MCA stenosis was higher in the nonlacunar group (80.8% +/- 21.2%) than the lacunar group (60.4% +/- 21.6%). The accuracy of TCD for the detection of MCA stenosis was not different between the groups. However, the sensitivity of TCD in the lacunar group was lower (72%) than in the nonlacunar group (88%), and it might have been due to the difference in the degree of MCA stenosis among the groups. CONCLUSION: Occlusive lesions of the MCA should be considered as a potential cause of SSDIs. In this respect, TCD may be used for screening candidates for conventional angiography in those patients. High rate of mild-degree stenosis of MCA in patients with SSDIs, however, caused a risk for missing such stenosis on TCD.     

经颅多普勒超声评估单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞患者颅内侧支循环的临床意义

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评估单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞(ICAO)患者颅内侧支循环的临床价值.方法 回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2020年12月就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院卒中中心、行颈部血管超声检查为单侧ICAO及数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实患者145例,其中症状组109例,无症状组36例.记录TCD评估颅内...     

Transcranial Doppler in 178 Patients Before,During, and After Carotid Endarterectomy

From July 1991 to March 1995, 178 patients who underwent 198 carotid surgical repairs were investigated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). Preoperative TCD evaluation showed stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 4 patients (2.2%), siphon stenosis in 3 (1.6%), incomplete circle of Willis in 23 (12.9%), a decrease of mean blood flow velocity more than 70% of the basal value during digital common carotid compression in 31 (17.9%), and a critical reduction of vasomotor reactivity (no significant increase of mean blood flow velocity in the MCA during breath–holding test) in 34 (19.1%). Nine patients (5%) had surgery without preoperative angiography. In those patients the indication for surgery was based on color Doppler imaging and TCD investigations. Ninety surgical procedures were carried out under general anesthesia and 108 under locoregional anesthesia. In 37 surgeries (31.7%) a shunt was inserted: The use of a shunt was based on a decrease of mean blood flow velocity in the MCA below 50% of the basal value under general anesthesia or loss of consciousness combined with a decrease of mean blood flow velocity in the MCA higher than 70% of the basal value when locoregional anesthesia was employed. lntraoperative TCD monitoring showed a decrease of mean blood flow velocity in the MCA due to shunt malfunction in (8.3%) of 36 surgeries, turbulence of blood flow during declamping in 79 procedures (39.8%), and microembolic events in 10 patients (5%) that were related to one transient and one permanent neurological deficit. Another permanent deficit occurred in a patient without TCD signs. After surgery, TCD reliably detected an early asymptomatic occlusion of the carotid artery, hyperperfusion syndrome in 12 (6.0%), and an increase of vasomotor reactivity in 10 (29.4%) of 34 surgeries.     

高血压合并无症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者的药物干预研究

目的探讨在降血压治疗的同时联合应用辛伐他汀和阿司匹林对高血压合并无症状性大脑中动脉狭窄患者的干预作用和脑血管事件的预防效果。方法177例高血压合并大脑中动脉狭窄患者,其中90例应用辛伐他汀(每晚20mg)和阿司匹林肠溶片(75mg/d)进行治疗(干预组),通过经颅多普勒超声检查分别观察治疗前及治疗后1～3年大脑中动脉收缩期血流速度峰值、搏动指数、阻力指数、频谱形态,同时检测治疗前后血压、血脂等项生化指标的变化,并与87例对照者进行比较。结果治疗第1年,干预组患者大脑中动脉收缩期血流速度峰值、搏动指数、阻力指数及频谱形态等与治疗前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随访至第2,3年,上述各项指标均改善(P<0.01),频谱形态明显好转。随访结束时,两组患者大脑中动脉上述指标间差异有高度统计学意义(均P<0.01),干预组患者脑血管事件发生率为11.11%(10/90),低于对照组的24.14%(21/87)(P<0.01)。结论在有效降低血压的同时,联合应用辛伐他汀和阿司匹林可稳定并延缓高血压患者大脑中动脉狭窄的进程,对降低脑血管事件的发生率具有良好的作用。