预扩容对腰硬联合麻醉剖宫术中母体血压的影响

目的观察预扩容对纠正腰硬联合麻醉剖宫产术母体血压的效果。方法选择足月妊娠拟在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产手术患者100例,随机分为预扩容组（n=50例）和对照组（n=50例）,入室后记录血压和心率,预扩容组患者于实施麻醉前开放上肢静脉快速输注复方乳酸钠林格液300 ml和6%羟乙基淀粉胶体液500 ml;对照组患者常规于麻醉成功后开放上肢静脉输液,观察两组麻醉后血压的变化和低血压的发生率。结果实验组低血压发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术麻醉前预扩容可有效降低母体低血压发生率。     

羟乙基淀粉预扩容用于硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术的临床观察

目的观察在硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术中使用羟乙基淀粉预扩容的临床效果。方法选择硬膜外麻醉下剖官产手术200例,随机分为2组（n=100）,A组给予羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液500 ml进行预扩容,B组给予乳酸钠林格注射液500ml进行预扩容。术中监测血压（MAP）、心率（HR）、新生儿评分和产妇仰卧位综合征发生情况。结果术中A、B组最高HR值和最低SBP值比较差异有统计学意义;B组仰卧位综合征发生率高于A组,差异有统计学意义,术中新生儿评分差异无统计学意义。结论在硬膜外麻醉剖宫产术中使用羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液预扩容是可行的,有利于术中血流动力学的稳定。     

快速扩容对异丙酚靶控诱导期血流动力性的影响

目的 比较晶体液和胶体液在全麻诱导前快速扩容对异丙酚靶控输注（target controlled infusion,TCI）诱导期腹腔镜手术患者血流动力性的影响。方法 ASA I-Ⅱ级择期行腹腔镜手术患者45例,随机被选入3组,每组15例。A组于诱导开始前不输液;B组和C组于诱导前20 min内分别输入10 ml.kg^-1乳酸钠林格液和6%羟乙基淀粉,3组均于诱导开始时按15 ml.kg^-1.h^-1输入乳酸钠林格液。监测全麻诱导期的血流动力性参数。结果 麻醉诱导后及插管后3组平均动脉压（MAP）均明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或0.01）。麻醉诱导后,A组心脏指数（CI）、每搏输出量（SV）开始下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或0.01）,心率（HR）、主动脉血流峰值速度（Vpk）变化不明显;B组维持于基础值;C组诱导后CI、HR增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或0.01）,SV、Vpk无明显变化。A组外周血管阻力（SVR）变化不明显;B组麻醉诱导后下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,气管插管后恢复至基础值水平;C组诱导后下降更明显,气管插管后仍低于基础水平,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 晶体液和胶体液快速扩容均能在一定程度上减弱异丙酚TCI诱导期的循环抑制,晶体液扩容易于使血流动力性保持平稳,而胶体液扩容则更有利于组织的血流灌注。     

羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液预输注在腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉下子宫肌瘤切除术中的应用

目的 观察麻醉前输注羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液在腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉中预防低血压的效果.方法 将60例择期行子宫肌瘤手术患者分为2组,各30例.麻醉前30min分别输注500mL羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液（A组）和乳酸钠林格液（B组）.观察麻醉前、起效后1、5、10及15min时点收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）的变化,低血压发生率和恶心呕吐及应用麻黄碱情况.结果 两组麻醉后DBP、SBP比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.B组低血压发生率、恶心呕吐发生率及应用麻黄碱率均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 预输羟乙基淀粉200/0.5氯化钠注射液较乳酸钠林格液更能预防腰麻联合硬膜外麻醉低血压.     

两种不同液体预充扩容预防剖宫产术中仰卧位低血压的应用比较

目的观察并比较国产羟乙基淀粉(天晴宁)和乳酸钠林格氏液预充扩容对硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产的产妇血压和心率的影响,降低剖宫产术中仰卧位低血压综合征(SHS)的发生率。方法将60例行剖宫产的病人随机分为两组(A组和B组),A组硬膜外麻醉前预充胶体液(天晴宁)15ml/kg扩容;B组硬膜外麻醉前预充乳酸钠林格氏液扩容。统计产妇入室时、麻醉开始前、麻醉开始后3、5、10min及术毕病人收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR)的变化情况。结果麻醉后3、5、10min时两组的SBP及B组的DBP较入室时下降,A组的DBP5min时下降,B组的SBP于术毕下降,而HR于麻醉后3、5min增快,麻醉后3、5min及术毕B组的SBP较A组低,DBP在麻醉后3、5、10min较低,而HR在麻醉后5min较高,最低SBP和DBPA组均高于B组。麻黄碱平均需要量及低血压发生率A组低于B组。结论天晴宁预充扩容能改善剖宫产时的血压和心率,维持母婴循环稳定,从而提高产妇及胎儿安全性。因此,硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产天晴宁预充扩容比乳酸钠林格氏液防治SHS更有效。     

不同液体扩容对腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产患者血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨胶体液与晶体液预扩容对腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产患者血流动力学的影响.方法 便利选取于该院2015年10月-2016年5月择期行剖宫产足月妊娠孕妇120例,ASAI-II级,随机平均分为3组.入室后常规记录基础循环参数.麻醉前A组给予羟乙基淀粉130/0.4氯化钠注射液;B组钠钾钙镁葡萄糖注射液;C组乳酸钠林格液各500 mL扩容,然后行腰硬联合麻醉.观察3组产妇麻醉前、后;胎儿出生后;手术结束即时生命体征的变化及不良反应发生率.结果手术均顺利完成,A组围术期血压T2(121.0±13.9)mmHg、T5(118.0±12.7)mmHg变化的幅度小于B组T2(122.0±12.5)mmHg、T5(110.0±11.4)mmHg、C组T2(120.0±14.7)mmHg、T5(109.0±12.2)mmHg(P<0.05);A组术中血管活性药物使用(6例)及恶心呕吐发生率(6例)明显小于B组(14例、12例)、C组(18例、14例)(P<0.05).结论 腰硬联合麻醉 前预输 注羟乙基淀粉能有效 减轻剖宫产手术中 低血压的程度.     

6%羟乙基淀粉共同负荷联合麻黄碱预防高龄产妇剖宫产术硬膜外麻醉后低血压的观察

目的观察6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4共同负荷联合麻黄碱预防高龄产妇剖宫产手术硬膜外麻醉后低血压的效果。方法将60例足月高龄产妇(35～44岁)随机分为共同负荷联合麻黄碱组(A组)和单纯共同负荷组(B组),两组均采用硬膜外麻醉,A组产妇在硬膜外腔注入局麻药前以6ml/kg快速复方林格溶液输入,在硬膜外腔注入试验量局麻药后以6%羟乙基淀粉氯化钠溶液(HES130/0.4)500ml加入8mg麻黄碱快速输入(25～30min输完)。B组输液和A组相同,胶体中未加入麻黄碱。分别记录产妇麻醉前和硬膜外腔注入首次量后5min、10min、15min、20min、25min和30minSBP和HR的变化;记录产妇低血压、心动过缓和心动过速恶心呕吐发生率;检测两组胎儿出生后即时脐动、静脉血气分析及新生儿出生后1min及5minApgar的评分。结果 A组产妇硬膜外麻醉后各时点SBP无显著改变(P>0.05);B组产妇T3、T4时点SBP显著降低(P<0.01),A组产妇SBP在T2、T3、T4时点显著高于B组(P<0.01)。A组产妇麻醉后T2、T3、T4时点HR显著增快(P<0.05);并显著快于B组(P<0.05)。B组HR各时点无显著变化(P>0.05)。两组胎儿脐动脉血pH、PCO2、PO2和BE值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组新生儿Apgar的评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论麻醉前和麻醉给药同时以适量液体负荷联合小剂量麻黄碱预防高龄产妇剖宫产手术硬膜外麻醉后低血压是一种可行的方法。     

预扩聚明胶肽对预防CSEA下剖腹产病人低血压的效果观察

目的观察预扩聚明胶肽对预防CSEA下剖腹产病人低血压的效果。方法择期CSEA下行剖腹产病人80例,随机分成聚明胶肽组(A组n=40)、乳酸钠林格氏液预扩组(B组n=40)、A、B两组分别在麻醉前快速输注聚明胶肽注射液500 mL和乳酸钠林格氏液500 mL预扩容,并记录入室时、麻醉后5、10、15’各时点的血压。结果A组各时点血压较麻醉前差异无显著性,低血压发生率低,B组各时点血压较麻醉前差异有显著性,低血压发生率高,组间比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论预扩聚明胶肽可以有效减少CSEA下剖宫产病人低血压的发生率。     

不同方法预防全麻诱导期低血压的临床研究

目的：比较晶体液、胶体液快速扩容和胶体液扩容联合小剂量麻黄素输注对预防全麻诱导期低血压的效果。方法：ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期腹部手术成年患者80例,均选择气管内插管全麻。随机分为4组,每组20例。A组于诱导前20min开始,以10mL／kg·h^-1输入乳酸钠林格液;B、C组于诱导前20min内分别输入10mL／kg^-1乳酸钠林格液和羟乙基淀粉130／0．4氯化钠溶液,诱导开始即刻两组继续以上述液体10mL·kg^-1于20min内输入。D组于诱导前以6mL·kg^-1乳酸钠林格液在20min内输入,诱导开始以羟乙基淀粉130／0．4氯化钠液500mL＋麻黄素5mg在20～30min快速静脉输入。结果：麻醉诱导后,A、B、C组患者收缩压显著降低（P〈0．01）,其中A组显著低于B、C组（P〈0．01）,D组诱导后及气管插管后收缩压无显著变化（P〉0．05）,且显著高于A、B、C组（P〈0．01）。结论：晶体液、胶体液扩容联合小剂量麻黄素持续输注预防全麻诱导后低血压的效果显著优于单纯输液扩容。     

托烷司琼预注联合琥珀酰明胶即时扩容对腰硬联合麻醉下剖宫产术产妇循环和新生儿的影响

目的：研究托烷司琼预注联合琥珀酰明胶即时扩容对腰硬联合麻醉（combined spinal?epidural anesthesia,CSEA）行剖宫产产妇循环及新生儿的影响。方法：选择60例择期在CSEA下行剖宫产术的单胎足月产妇,随机分成托烷司琼组（T组）和对照组（C组）,分别于麻醉前10 min静脉推注托烷司琼5 mg或等体积生理盐水,T组麻醉注药即刻快速输注琥珀酰明胶500 mL。记录麻醉前30 min,麻醉诱导即刻,麻醉后2 min、5 min、15 min,手术结束时的收缩压、心率,观察并记录产妇低血压、心动过缓、恶心、呕吐等发生情况。比较2组新生儿Apgar评分及脐带血血气分析指标。结果：T组产妇术中低血压和恶心的发生率明显低于C组（P < 0.05）,T组产妇术中收缩压最大下降幅度明显小于C组（P < 0.05）。两组新生儿 Apgar 评分及脐带血pH、PCO2、PO2和乳酸值差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：择期剖宫产手术麻醉前预注托烷司琼联合琥珀酰明胶即时扩容可以有效地降低产妇麻醉后低血压和恶心的发生率,减少血管活性药物的使用,并且不会导致胎儿的酸碱平衡失调。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.