急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者采用左西孟旦治疗的临床疗效观察

目的探讨急性失代偿性心力衰竭采用左西孟旦治疗的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的86例急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象,按照患者就诊顺序将其随机分为对照组与研究组,每组43例,研究组患者行左西孟旦治疗,对照组行多巴酚丁胺药物治疗,观察两组患者病症改善情况,统计两组治疗的不良反应发生率。结果研究组治疗总有效率为79.1%,对照组总有效率为58.2%,组间比较差异明显(P<0.05);两组治疗后患者每搏心排血量与左心室射血分数均有提升,且相比于对照组,研究组每搏心排血量改善效果更加明显(P<0.05);研究组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用左西孟旦治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭能够有效改善患者心功能,疗效显著且无严重的不良反应,可以进行推广应用。     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭疗效和血液学指标比较

目的比较左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭的临床效果及对血液学指标的影响。方法选取2018年1月-2019年6月厦门大学附属福州第二医院收治的急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者60例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例。观察组给予左西孟旦治疗,对照组给予多巴酚丁胺治疗。比较2组患者临床疗效及治疗前后血液学指标。结果观察组患者总有效率为90.0%,高于对照组的66.7%(χ2=4.812,P=0.028)。治疗后,2组患者脑钠肽(BNP)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论左西孟旦治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭效果好,能显著降低BNP、VEGF、MMP-9水平,且不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广。     

左西孟旦治疗失代偿性心力衰竭患者的临床效果观察

目的针对左西孟旦治疗失代偿性心力衰竭患者的治疗效果进行观察。方法随机选取我院2016年4月~2017年7月收治的失代偿性心力衰竭患者共计44例,根据入院大小号分为研究组和对比组,对比组使用盐酸多巴酚丁胺治疗,研究组使用左西孟旦治疗,对比分析两组患者心功能指标、治疗效果和不良反应发生率。结果研究组患者在SV、BNP、LVEF等心功能指标中均明显优于对比组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者治疗总有效率高于对比组、不良反应发生率低于对比组,经统计学对比分析差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论左西孟旦对失代偿性心力衰竭患者的治疗效果较好,安全性较高,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗心功能Ⅲ级心力衰竭的临床对比

目的 探讨心功能Ⅲ级心力衰竭的合理药物使用方案.方法 将我院心功能Ⅲ级的心力衰竭患者分为研究组与对照组,研究组接受左西孟旦治疗,对照组接受多巴酚丁胺治疗.对比两组入院时、治疗24 h心脏超声相关指标;两组治疗疗效;两组治疗安全性.结果 两组入院时心脏超声相关指标比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗24h心脏超声相关指标比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗疗效比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组和对照组不良反应比较有差异(P<0.05).结论 相对于多巴酚丁胺,左西孟旦治疗心功能Ⅲ级心力衰竭疗效肯定,安全性好,有效改善心搏量和射血分数.     

左西孟旦治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的 探讨左西孟旦治疗急性失代偿性心力衰竭（ADHF）的临床效果。方法 选取2013年8月至2016年12月入住安徽省立医院重症医学科的ADHF患者76例,按照随机数字法分为左西孟旦组与多巴酚丁胺组,每组38例。两组在常规治疗基础上,左西孟旦组加用左西孟旦,多巴酚丁胺组组加用多巴酚丁胺。比较两组治疗后心功能的改变以及血清N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）的水平。结果 左西孟旦组患者治疗后,心输出量指数（CI）、心功能指数（CFI）、每2 h尿量、左心室射血分数（LVEF）较治疗前升高,胸腔内血容量指数（ITBI）、心率（HR）、NT-proBNP水平较治疗前下降,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多巴酚丁胺组患者治疗后的CI、CFI、LVEF及每2 h尿量较治疗前升高,ITBI、NT-proBNP水平较治疗前下降,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,多巴酚丁胺组患者的CI、CFI、LVEF及每2 h尿量均低于左西孟旦组,而ITBI、NT-proBNP水平及HR均高于左西孟旦组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。左西孟旦组患者低钾血症发生率为13.16%,多巴酚丁胺组患者发生率为18.42%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。左西孟旦组患者脱离呼吸机时间长于于多巴酚丁胺组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者的住ICU时间及住院病死率的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 左西孟旦、多巴酚丁胺对ADHF患者的心脏功能均有改善作用,左西孟旦优势更明显。     

左西孟旦和盐酸多巴酚丁胺治疗急性心衰的效果对比及对心功能的影响

目的:探讨左西孟旦和盐酸多巴酚丁胺治疗急性心衰的疗效及对心功能的影响。方法:选取某院于2017年1月～2018年5月间收治的40例急性心衰患者,按照随机数字法分为两组,对照组20例予以盐酸多巴酚丁胺治疗,研究组20例予以左西孟旦治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效以及心功能相关指标变化情况。结果:研究组患者临床总有效率(90.00%)显著高于对照组(60.00%)(P0.05);两组患者干预前LVEF、LVEDV、LVESV水平比较无显著性差异(P0.05),干预后两组LVEF均较干预前升高,LVEDV、LVESV均较干预前显著降低,且研究组较对照组改变明显(P0.05)。结论:左西孟旦治疗急性心衰相较于盐酸多巴酚丁胺治疗而言临床疗效显著,能有效改善心功能。     

静脉注射米力农和多巴酚丁胺治疗重度失代偿性心力衰竭的效果对比

目的探讨静脉注射米力农和多巴酚丁胺治疗重度失代偿性心力衰竭的临床应用效果。方法选取我院于2017年1月～2018年8月间收治的40例重度失代偿性心力衰竭患者按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组20例予以多巴酚丁胺治疗,研究组20例予以米力农治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、全身状况评分、呼吸困难程度评分、每搏心搏出量、心脏超声左室射血分数、脑钠肽水平以及不良反应发生情况。结果研究组临床有效率(95.00%)显著高于对照组(65.00%)(P 0.05)。两组患者干预前全身状况评分、呼吸困难程度评分、每搏心搏出量、心脏超声左室射血分数、脑钠肽水平比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),干预后两组全身状况评分、呼吸困难程度评分、脑钠肽水平均显著低于干预前,每搏心搏出量、心脏超声左室射血分数均显著高于干预前,且研究组每搏心搏出量、心脏超声左室射血分数高于对照组,全身状况评分、呼吸困难程度评分、脑钠肽水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。研究组不良反应发生率(20.00%)与对照组(15.00%)比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论静脉注射米力农治疗重度失代偿性心力衰竭较多巴酚丁胺而言疗效确切,具有良好的安全性及耐受性。     

左西孟旦治疗失代偿性心功能不全的近期临床效果评价

目的探究左西孟旦在治疗失代偿性心功能不全中所发挥的作用。方法 72例失代偿性心功能不全患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,各36例。实验组患者给予左西孟旦治疗,对照组患者给予多巴酚丁胺治疗。在治疗结束后对两组患者的生命体征、脑钠肽(BNP)、24 h排尿量、每搏输出量(SV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)等指标进行比较。结果实验组患者的各项身体指标恢复情况均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将左西孟旦应用于失代偿性心功能不全的治疗中,能够改善患者的生命体征、BNP、24 h排尿量、SV、LVEF等身体指标,提高患者的生活质量,建议临床应用。     

左西孟旦治疗失代偿性心功能不全的效果观察

目的探讨左西孟旦治疗失代偿性心功能不全的临床效果。方法选取80例失代偿性心功能不全患者进行研究,以治疗方式的不同将患者分为两组,对照组行多巴酚丁胺治疗,观察组行左西孟旦治疗,对比两组效果。结果观察组患者心功能改善情况明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组患者LVEDD、LVEF、BNP水平比较均无较大差异(P>0.05);治疗后两组患者LVEDD、LVEF、BNP水平均能有所改善,但治疗后观察组均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者比较低血压、心律失常等并发症发生率比较均无较大差异(P>0.05)。结论采用左西孟旦对失代偿性心功能不全患者治疗效果显著,有利于改善患者心功能,且具有较高的安全性,临床价值显著,可在临床上推广应用。     

左西孟旦治疗急性心肌梗死并心力衰竭疗效观察

目的 观察左西孟旦治疗急性心肌梗死并心力衰竭的有效性及安全性.方法 56例急性心肌梗死并发心力衰竭患者,随机分为对照组和左西孟旦组,对照组应用常规抗心衰药物治疗,包括ACEI、利尿剂、洋地黄、扩张血管药物、正性肌力药物:多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺.左西孟旦组采用左西孟旦治疗,使用次数根据症状、心功能的改善、BNP的变化调整.比较两组总有效率、左室射血分数(LVEF)、脑钠肽(BNP)水平变化情况.结果 治疗4周后,左西孟旦组总有效率为78.6％,高于对照组的50.0％( x2=4.29,P＜0.05);左西孟旦组LVEF较治疗前提高了10.5％,对照组较治疗前提高了5.9％,两组差异有统计学意义(x2=3.43,P ＜0.05);两组治疗后BNP水平均下降,左西孟旦组较对照组下降更明显(t=4.79,P＜0.05).结论 左西孟旦治疗急性心肌梗死并心力衰竭疗效显著,安全性好.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Synthesis and anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of gaultherin and its analogs

The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed.     

Modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty in toxicokinetics and pharmacokinetics

Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably.     

成骨细胞的功能与损伤和骨质疏松的防治

骨质疏松是一种全身性骨骼疾病,导致骨折风险增加。成人的骨量通过破骨细胞的骨吸收和成骨细胞的骨形成作用来维持动态平衡,治疗骨质疏松症的理想策略是抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收和/或增强成骨细胞的骨形成功能。目前针对保护成骨细胞及增强其功能的骨质疏松疗法相对较少。因此,本文针对成骨细胞相关功能蛋白、各种细胞损伤机制（内质网应激、氧化应激、机械过载、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA的影响等）及骨质疏松的治疗与预防作一综述,以期为针对增强成骨细胞功能的骨质疏松治疗策略提供新思路。     

益生菌与肿瘤防治

益生菌广泛存在于自然界中,通过维持宿主体内菌群平衡、影响肠屏障功能和调节免疫应答等作用,提高宿主健康水平,被公认为"肠道健康卫士".一些益生菌可以增强机体的免疫功能,抑制致癌物质,影响肿瘤细胞的基因表达,对肿瘤具有拮抗作用.大量研究表明,益生菌在未来的肿瘤防治中有很好的应用和发展前景.     

Self-stimulation and amphetamine: Tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate

The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms.     

Acamprosate and naltrexone treatment effects on ethanol and sucrose seeking and intake in ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats

Rationale  Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings in animals and humans. Objectives  The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment) to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent rats. Materials and methods  In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For “dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers. Results  Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats. Conclusions  The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention.     

Antiinfective and encrustation-inhibiting materials--myth and facts

Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically.     

Alprazolam and lorazepam single and multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and sleep

Summary The effects of alprazolam 0.5 mg and lorazepam 2 mg on cognitive and psychomotor skills were assessed in twelve normal volunteer subjects in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Single and multiple dose effects were monitored using a battery of tests comprising critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT), choice reaction time (CRT), simulated car tracking, and subjective ratings of perceived sedation (LARS) and of sleep behaviour (LSEQ). Compared with placebo baseline scores, treatment with lorazepam 2 mg (both single and multiple doses) resulted in a widespread impairment of CRT, tracking accuracy, and CFFT. Single doses of alprazolam 0.5 mg reduced CFFT with respect to the placebo baseline. Single and multiple dose treatment with both drugs resulted in subjective reports of sedation, a reduction of sleep onset latency, and improved sleep quality. Only lorazepam 2 mg significantly disrupted the integrity of behaviour on waking from sleep. These results suggest important pharmacodynamic differences between the two drugs in the doses used.