不同绝经年限与女性跟骨骨密度的相关性

目的 研究绝经女性根骨骨密度与绝经年限、体重指数和年龄的相关性。方法：选择2014年1月至2016年12月来我院进行体检并进行根骨密度检测的383例绝经后女性作为研究对象,按照不同的绝经年限、BMI和年龄进行分组比较,并统计分析根骨BMD和T值分别与绝经年限、BMI、年龄之间的相关性。结果：不同绝经年限、BMI和年龄组别绝经女性的根骨BMD和T值之间具有显著性差异（P<0.05）。绝经期女性根骨BMD、T值与绝经年限、年龄呈显著负相关（r=-0.516、-0.428、-0.404、-0.351,P=0.002、0.007、0.001、0.003）,与BMI呈显著正相关（r=0.272、0.214,P=0.005、0.006）。结论：绝经年限是骨密度的重要影响因素,绝经年限越长,骨密度越低     

绝经后骨质疏松合并2型糖尿病患者的多因素分析

目的探讨绝经后骨质疏松合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）的影响因素.方法收集绝经后骨质疏松合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的糖代谢、性激素及骨密度（BMD）资料,受检者有1个或1个以上部位BMD低于2.5个标准差（T值）为骨质疏松,据此将研究对象分为两组,骨质疏松（OP）组（n=72）和正常骨密度（NOP）组（n=70）,比较两组糖代谢、性激素等各项指标,使用多因素相关方法分析骨质疏松的影响因素.结果 OP组与NOP组相比,糖尿病病程、BMI、E2水平均低于NOP组,年龄、FSH、LH高于NOP组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;OP的发生与糖尿病患者的年龄、病程及FSH、LH、E2水平有关（P〈0.05）.结论绝经后骨质疏松合并糖尿病与众多因素有关,包括糖尿病病史、高龄及低E2和高FSH、LH等.     

抑郁状态对绝经后女性骨质疏松症影响的研究

目的 探讨抑郁状态对绝经后女性骨质疏松症的影响。方法 选取2012年3-8月浙江中医药大学附属第二医院就诊的绝经后女性200例。收集患者的年龄、绝经年限、体质指数（BMI）、日常活动强度、是否服用钙片,测定血清雌二醇（E2）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪测定髋部骨密度（BMD）,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表评估抑郁状态。结果 200例绝经后女性发生骨质疏松症90例（45.0%）。不同年龄及抑郁状态绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同绝经年限、BMI、活动强度及钙片服用情况绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多元Logistic回归模型结果显示,年龄和抑郁状态是绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生的危险因素,E2是其保护因素,而未发现绝经年限、BMI、活动强度、钙片服用情况、BAP对绝经后女性骨质疏松症的发生有影响。偏相关性分析控制年龄、绝经年限和BMI的影响,结果显示,抑郁状态与E2、BMD呈负相关（r值分别为-0.241和-0.440,P＜0.05）,与BAP无直线相关关系（r=0.024,P=0.821）。结论 抑郁状态可能是骨质疏松症发生的危险因素之一,在临床上对绝经后女性骨质疏松症的防治应注重患者的心理状况。     

定量CT分析绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者椎体骨密度与骨标志物的关系

目的:探讨定量CT(QCT)测量绝经后女性2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者椎体骨密度(BMD)与骨标志物的相关性。方法:回顾性分析207例绝经后女性T2DM患者的临床及生化指标,所有患者均测量骨标志物,采用QCT测量T12与L1椎体BMD,取平均值。另选取200例胸部CT扫描加骨密度测量绝经后女性体检者作为对照组。比较对照组与T2DM组各指标(年龄、绝经年限、空腹血糖、HbA1c及BMD)的差异及两组研究对象按不同骨量分组BMD的差异,比较T2DM组不同骨量组间年龄、绝经年限、病程、BMI、BMD及骨标志物指标的差异,分析T2DM组年龄、绝经年限及各骨标志物指标与BMD的相关性。结果:骨质疏松组中,T2DM组患者BMD小于对照组(P<0.05)。T2DM组中,骨量正常组和骨量减低组绝经年限、β-胶原特殊序列均小于骨质疏松组(P<0.05)。年龄、绝经年限、PTH、TPINP、β-胶原特殊序列、N端骨钙素与BMD均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:基于QCT测量椎体的BMD可以很好评估绝经后女性T2DM患者骨量情况,同时与骨标志物有一定相关性。     

绝经后妇女血清脂联素、瘦素水平与骨密度关系

目的：探讨绝经后妇女血清脂联素（adiponectin）、瘦素（leptin）水平与骨密度（BMD）的关系。方法：用酶联免疫吸附试验测定363名40~80岁健康绝经后女性血清脂联素、雌二醇、睾酮、25-羟维生素D、甲状旁腺激素;用双能X线骨密度扫描仪测定总体、腰椎正位、总髋部BMD以及体脂、瘦体质量;并分析它们之间的关系。结果：脂联素与总体BMD、腰椎BMD、髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈负相关（分别r=-0.181, r=-0.208, r=-0.228, r=-0.203, P＜0.05）,校正年龄和体脂后,相关性依然存在（分别r=-0.131, r=-0.140, r=-0.159, r=-0.172, P＜0.05）。瘦素与髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈正相关（分别r=0.162, r=0.210, P＜0.05）;瘦素与总体BMD、腰椎BMD不相关;校正年龄和体脂后,瘦素与前臂BMD相关性存在（r=0.157, P＜0.05）,而与髋部总体BMD相关性消失。逐步多元线性回归分析显示,绝经年限、瘦体质量、脂联素、雌二醇是总体、髋部与前臂BMD的独立影响因素。绝经年限、瘦体质量、BMI、脂联素、雌二醇是腰椎BMD的独立影响因素。结论： 脂联素是BMD的独立影响因素。     

老年2型糖尿病患者骨密度与骨代谢标志物的相关性

目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病患者的骨密度（BMD）与骨代谢标志物的相关性。方法取大于60岁老年2型糖尿病患者197例,根据BMD水平进行分三组,骨量正常组72例、骨量减少组73例和骨质疏松组52例。测定患者空腹血糖（FBG）、早餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）及尿蛋白定量（U-PRO）,测定三组患者的骨钙素（BGP）、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽（β-CTX）、总骨Ⅰ型前胶原N端肽（TP1NP）及25-羟维生素D [25（OH）D]的水平,比较三组患者一般临床资料和骨代谢指标并进行统计学分析。结果三组患者的FBG、PPG、HbAlc、病程及尿微量白蛋白比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而骨质疏松组的BGP、β-CTX和TP1NP与骨量正常组比较均升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,BMD与BGP、β-CTX和TP1NP呈负相关（r值分别为-0.191、-0.244、-0.176, P值分别为〈0.01、〈0.05、〈0.05）,与25（OH）D正相关（r=0.325,P〈0.01）。结论老年2型糖尿病患者的骨密度与骨代谢标志物存在密切的相关性,联合应用骨代谢标志物的检测有助于老年2型糖尿病患者骨质疏松的早期诊断,减少骨折风险。     

LRP5基因多态性与绝经后妇女2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松症的相关性研究

目的探讨上海地区绝经后2型糖尿病和骨质疏松症妇女的低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白5基因多态性与骨密度、骨代谢、糖代谢的关系。方法选取上海市普陀区无亲缘关系的绝经后汉族妇女354例,其中骨质疏松组（A组）90例、2型糖尿病组（B组）96例、2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松组（C组）90例、健康老年对照组（D组）78例。运用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎（L2-4）及股骨颈骨密度,同时检测骨代谢指标：BALP、TRACP-5b;糖代谢指标：Hb A1c、FINS。应用基因测序技术检测LRP5基因A1330V位点多态性。采用协方差分析校正年龄、绝经年限、体重指数后比较LRP5基因多态性与骨密度的相关性。结果 A组LRP5基因A1330V位点CC型与CT/TT型相比腰椎骨密度增高（P〈0.05）,经年龄、绝经年限、BMI校正后仍有显著差异（P〈0.01）;D组LRP5基因A1330V位点多态性与HbA1c相关（P〈0.05）,CC型较CT/TT型HbA1c高,经年龄、绝经年限、BMI校正后无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论上海地区汉族绝经后骨质疏松症妇女LRP5基因型与腰椎骨密度相关,提示LRP5基因可能是上海地区汉族绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的易感基因。2型糖尿病患者BMD增高,可能与BMI、胰岛素水平增高有关。LRP5基因可能不是上海地区绝经后2型糖尿病妇女的易感基因。     

IL-6及其受体和绝经后女性骨丢失的关系

目的　探讨IL - 6及其受体、雌激素 (E2 )和骨丢失的关系 ,研究绝经后骨质疏松的病理机制。方法　以131名健康妇女作为研究对象 ,年龄 31～ 72岁 ,其中 6 4名未绝经者按年龄分组 ,6 7名绝经者按绝经年限分组。分别抽取静脉血分离血清检测E2 、FSH、IL - 6、sIL - 6R、sgp130、BGP、AKP、Ca、P等指标 ,同时测定腰椎及股骨颈骨密度 (BMD)。结果　E2 水平及BMD随年龄及绝经年限增加逐年下降 ,BMD和E2 呈正相关。IL - 6在绝经前含量较低 ,IL - 6、sIL - 6R和sgp130均有随年龄和绝经年限增加而上升的趋势 ,和E2 、BMD呈明显负相关。BGP和AKP绝经后各组明显高于绝经前各组 ,血钙水平于绝经早期有一过性增加 ,以后略有下降 ,并保持在一相对稳定水平。血磷各组变化不大。结论　妇女随着年龄增加 ,BMD逐年下降 ,特别是进入绝经期后 ,BMD下降速度加快。E2 水平下降可促进IL - 6及其受体的分泌 ,并进一步促使原始的破骨细胞 (osteoclast ,OC)发育、成熟和活化 ,促进骨吸收增加 ,最终导致骨质疏松     

绝经后女性血脂水平与骨密度的相关性研究

目的研究绝经后女性骨密度与血脂水平、体质量指数(BMI)及绝经年限的相关性。方法选择141例绝经后女性作为研究对象,均在骨密度实验室检测骨密度(BMD)水平(主要检测部位为腰椎L_1~4、股骨颈和髋关节,部分病人加做前臂),并根据检测结果(T值为标准)将研究对象分为3组,A组(骨质疏松者,T≤-2.5)、B组(骨量减少者,-2.5 < T < -1.0)和C组(正常骨量病人,T≥-1.0)。同时采集所有研究对象的空腹血,检测其总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、三酰甘油(TG) 和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。详细记录病人的身高、体质量、年龄、绝经年龄,计算BMI和绝经年限。结果3组腰椎BMD(LBMD)、股骨颈BMD、全髋关节BMD比较,C组>B组>A组(P < 0.05)。3组HDL、TG、TC水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),其中A组HDL水平高于C组(P < 0.05);A组和B组TG水平均低于C组(P < 0.01);C组TC水平低于A组(P < 0.05)。3组LDL水平差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。相关性分析显示,年龄和绝经年限与各部位BMD值呈负相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);身高、体质量及BMI与各部位的BMD呈正相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。TG水平与LBMD、股骨颈BMD、全髋关节BMD呈正相关关系(P < 0.01);TC水平与LBMD呈负相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高BMI、高TG者骨质疏松症(OP)发生风险较低,高龄、绝经年限长及高TC者OP发生风险较高。绘制ROC曲线分析TC预测绝经后女性发生OP的价值,计算出AUC为0.636(P < 0.05)。结论绝经后女性不同血脂与不同部位BMD的相关性不同,TC升高与LBMD下降有关,低BMI、高龄、绝经年限长及高TC的绝经后女性更易发生骨质疏松。     

IL-6及其受体和绝经后女性骨丢失的关

目的探讨IL-6及其受体、雌激素(E2)和骨丢失的关系,研究绝经后骨质疏松的病理机制。方法以131名健康妇女作为研究对象,年龄31～72岁,其中64名未绝经者按年龄分组,67名绝经者按绝经年限分组。分别抽取静脉血分离血清检测E2、FSH、IL-6、sIL-6R、sgp130、BGP、AKP、Ca、P等指标,同时测定腰椎及股骨颈骨密度(BMD)。结果E2水平及BMD随年龄及绝经年限增加逐年下降,BMD和E2呈正相关。IL-6在绝经前含量较低,IL-6、sIL-6R和sgp130均有随年龄和绝经年限增加而上升的趋势,和E2、BMD呈明显负相关。BGP和AKP绝经后各组明显高于绝经前各组,血钙水平于绝经早期有一过性增加,以后略有下降,并保持在一相对稳定水平。血磷各组变化不大。结论妇女随着年龄增加,BMD逐年下降,特别是进入绝经期后,BMD下降速度加快。E2水平下降可促进IL-6及其受体的分泌,并进一步促使原始的破骨细胞(osteoclast,OC)发育、成熟和活化,促进骨吸收增加,最终导致骨质疏松。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.