硒和／或维生素E对高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾及血清脂质过氧化的作用

目的：研究硒和／或维生素E对抗高脂饲料所致实验性高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾及血清脂质过氧化的作用，为临床应用硒和维生素E类产品防治由血脂代谢紊乱所致的脂质过氧化损伤相关性疾病提供理论依据和实验资料。方法：SD大鼠50只，雌、雄各半，以性别及体质量随机分为5组，采用高脂饲料致大鼠实验性高脂血症，然后分别分组给予经预试后的硒和／或维生素E，4周后行乙醚麻醉取血，同时取心、肝、肾组织作匀浆，采用硫代巴比妥(thiobarbituric acid，TBA)法测各组织或血清丙二醛(Malonaldehvde，MDA)含量以反映脂质过氧化水平。结果：高脂饲料可致实验性高脂血症，与对照组比较，其中三酰甘油、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(very low density lipopmtein cholesterol，VLDL-C)明显升高(P&;lt;0．05)；总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol，LDL-C)显著升高(P&;lt;0．01)。同时，高脂饲料可致部分组织或血清的脂质过氧化作用加强，对照组心、肝、肾及血浆中丙二醛含量分别为(0．775&;#177;0．346)，(0．575&;#177;0．161)，(0．576&;#177;0．414)μmol／g和(9．385&;#177;4．13)μmol／L；高脂饲料组分别为(0．958&;#177;0．416)，(O．874&;#177;0．140)，(0．926&;#177;0．388)μmol／g和(14．092&;#177;5．63)μmol／L。实验中，加用硒或维生素E或两者合用能使实验性高脂血症所致的丙二醛含量降低(P&;lt;0．05或P&;lt;0．01)，表现出抗过氧化作用，合用比单独使用作用更明显。结论：硒和维生素E单独或联合应用可降低实验性高脂血症大鼠中血脂升高所致的过氧化损伤作用。     

硒和维生素E对实验性高脂血症大鼠体内部分抗过氧化物酶的影响

目的:探索硒和(或)维生素E对高脂饲料所致实验性高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾及血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(catlase,CAT)等抗过氧化酶的影响作用,探讨硒和维生素E抗脂质过氧化的作用。方法:采用高脂饲料致大鼠实验性高脂血症,然后分别分组给予经预试后的硒和/或维生素E,4周后行乙醚麻醉取血,同时取心、肝、肾组织作匀浆。采用测试试剂盒对血清、心、肝及肾组织匀浆进行SOD、GSH-Px、CAT测定。结果:高脂饲料可不同程度地降低血清、心、肝及肾组织的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活力,与常规饲料组相比,肝脏的GSH-Px(P<0.05),血清CAT(P<0.01)有统计学差异;而单独或联合使用硒和维生素E可对抗高脂饲料所致的这一作用,明显增强这些抗氧化酶的活力,与高脂饲料组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),且二者合用的作用明显强于各自单独使用,如肝脏及血清GSH-Px(P<0.05或P<0.01);心、肾脏及血清CAT(P<0.05,P<0.01或P<0.001);肾脏SOD(P<0.01)。结论:硒和维生素E单独或联合应用可对抗或增强实验性高脂血症大鼠SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活力。     

硒和维生素E对实验性高脂血症大鼠体内部分抗过氧化物酶的影响

目的：探索硒和(或)维生素E对高脂饲料所致实验性高脂血症大鼠心、肝、肾及血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase，SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化酶(glutathione peroxidase，GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(catlase，CAT)等抗过氧化酶的影响作用，探讨硒和维生素E抗脂质过氧化的作用。方法：采用高脂饲料致大鼠实验性高脂血症，然后分别分组给予经预试后的硒和／或维生素E，4周后行乙醚麻醉取血，同时取心、肝、肾组织作匀浆。采用测试试剂盒对血清、心、肝及肾组织匀浆进行SOD、GSH-Px、CAT测定。结果：高脂饲料可不同程度地降低血清、心、肝及肾组织的SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活力，与常规饲料组相比，肝脏的GSH—Px(P&;lt;0．05)．血清CAT(P&;lt;0．01)有统计学差异；而单独或联合使用硒和维生素E可对抗高脂饲料所致的这一作用，明显增强这些抗氧化酶的活力，与高脂饲料组相比有显著性差异(P&;lt;0．05或P&;lt;0．01)，且二者合用的作用明显强于各自单独使用，如肝脏及血清GSH—Px(P&;lt;0．05或P&;lt;0．01)；心、肾脏及血清CAT(P&;lt;0．05，P&;lt;0．01或P&;lt;0．001)；肾脏SOD(P&;lt;0．01)。结论：硒和维生素E单独或联合应用可对抗或增强实验性高脂血症大鼠SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活力。     

余甘子对动脉粥样硬化家兔血浆总抗氧化能力及丙二醛和内皮素1水平的影响

背景余甘子含有丰富的维生素C、有机酸及矿物质.现代研究表明,余甘子还含有防癌、抗衰老等功效.近年来,对余甘子功能因子的研究及其相应功能食品的开发越来越引起重视.其降脂作用及其体外抗氧化作用已得到证实,但尚缺乏足够的基础研究支持.目的探讨余甘子提高高脂血症家兔机体抗氧化能力及保护血管内皮功能作用及其机制.设计以实验动物为研究对象的随机对照的实验研究.单位一所大学医院的动脉硬化实验室.材料健康新西兰家兔24只,雄性,体质量(2.2±0.5)kg.方法实验于2001-09/2002-05在北京市安贞医院动脉硬化实验室完成.将24只新西兰雄性白兔随机分为对照组、余甘子粉组(4 g/kg·d)和高胆固醇血症模型组,每组8只,余甘子和高胆固醇组实验期间均饲以高胆固醇饮食.采用酶法测定血清脂质含量;化学法测定血浆总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量;放免法测定血浆内皮素-1含量;地高辛标记探针,组织原位杂交检测主动脉内膜内皮素mRNA表达;图象分析法测定主动脉内膜粥样硬化斑块面积,和内膜面积与中膜面积比值.主要观察指标主要结局为家兔血脂水平,血清丙二醛浓度,及动脉斑块面积比较.次要结局为血浆内皮素-1的变化.结果实验8周后余甘子果粉组与高脂组相比,①血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平显著下降[分别为(11.70±1.73),(14.32±2.22)mmol/L,P<0.05;(0.740±0.107),(1.450±0.220)mmol/L,P<0.01],血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)增高[(1.652±0.155),(1.179±0.142)mmol/L,P<0.01].②血浆丙二醛显著降低[(3.88±0.51),(6.29±1.43)mmol/L, P<0.01]而总抗氧化能力显著增高[(10.771±1.818),(7.350±1.158)mmol/L,P<0.05].③光镜下斑块面积、内膜面积与中膜面积比值明显降低[(39.46±6.53),(50 69±12.36)mmol/L,P<0.05;(0.62±0.32),(1.38±0.38)mmol/L,P<0.01].④血浆内皮素-1显著降低;主动脉内膜内皮素-1基因杂交阳性颗粒比高脂组明显减少.结论余甘子可能通过调整家兔脂质代谢、提高抗氧化能力减少脂质过氧化、保护内皮功能抑制动脉内膜内皮素-1基因表达而起到防止兔实验性粥样斑块的形成的作用.     

清宫长春丹胶囊对小鼠运动性过氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:观察清宫长春丹胶囊(长春丹)对小鼠运动性过氧化损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:昆明种小鼠72只(雌性),随机分为正常对照组、运动过氧化损伤模型组、长春丹0.25,0.50和1.00g/kg剂量组,维生素E30mg/kg组。每组12只,连续给药14d,测定负重游泳40min后各组小鼠血清、心、脑、肝中丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxidedismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathioneperoxidase,GSH-Px)的活性。结果:①长春丹中高剂量组小鼠血清和心、肝组织中丙二醛的含量明显降低:中剂量组分别为(6.76±1.71),(47.1±11.1)和(54.3±7.9)μmol/L,高剂量组分别为(6.45±1.82),(43.5±14.5)和(52.1±9.5)μmol/L,均明显低于损伤模型组犤(9.71±3.11),(57.4±13.6)和(62.8±12.3)μmol/L犦,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。②小鼠血清和心、肝组织中SOD的活性:长春丹中剂量组分别为(4.78±0.44),(1.70±0.35)和(22.48±3.14)nkat/L;高剂量组分别为(4.44±0.52),(1.84±0.36)和(23.12±4.04)nkat/L,均明显高于模型组(2.97±0.52),(1.32±0.30)和(18.78±2.78)nkat/L,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。③小鼠血清和心、肝组织中GSH-Px的活性:长春丹中剂量组分别为(0.58±0.14),(0.78±0.21)和(2.47±0.51)nkat/L;高剂量组分别为(0.58±0.22)     

芪菖治瘫口服液对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的影响

目的:观察芪菖治瘫口服液对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化脂质代谢产物丙二醛的影响。方法:实验于2004-02/08在天津中医学院附属医院新药研究开发部进行。取Wistar大鼠36只,单纯随机分为手术对照组、模型对照组、芪菖治瘫高剂量(生药15g/kg)和低剂量(生药10g/kg)、补阳还五汤(生药15g/kg)及维生素E(150mg/kg)共6组,每组6只。将大鼠灌胃给药(对照组给水,10mL/kg)7d,1次/d。除手术对照组外,其他组动物于末次给药后1h,用三动脉夹闭法造成大鼠脑缺血模型,检测各组大鼠干预前后脑组织活性氧自由基系统中超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化脂质代谢产物丙二醛的含量。结果:36只大鼠全部进入结果分析。①超氧化物歧化酶活性:手术对照组明显高于模型对照组犤(24.56±4.33),(20.16±5.57)NU/mg,P<0.01犦,芪菖治瘫高剂量组已经接近于手术对照组犤(24.15±3.99)NU/mg,P>0.05犦,各用药组则不同程度低于手术对照组而明显高于模型对照组(P<0.05)。②丙二醛含量:手术对照组明显低于模型对照组犤(2.59±0.61),(3.91±1.09)μmol/g,P<0.01犦,芪菖治瘫低剂量组已经接近于手术对照组,而高剂量组则已低于手术对照组犤(2.58±1.19),(2.51±0.62)μmol/g,P>0.05犦,其他两组则不同程度高于手术对照组而明显低于模     

仙人掌粉对大鼠高脂血症的预防作用

目的:研究仙人掌粉对大鼠高脂血症的影响。方法:将Wistar大鼠分为4组:即正常饲料组(喂基础饲料)、正常饲料加仙人掌组(喂基础饲料加仙人掌粉)、高脂饲料组(喂高脂饲料)和高脂饲料加仙人掌组(喂高脂饲料加仙人掌粉),每组10只,喂养3周。于实验前后各采血1次测血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-densitylipoproteincholesterol,HDL-C),并且计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、动脉硬化指数(总胆固醇/HDL-C)。结果:正常饲料组血脂(mmol/L)及动脉硬化指数基本无改变(总胆固醇:1.64±0.30,总胆固醇/HDL-C:1.27±0.25);正常饲料加仙人掌总胆固醇降低(1.45±0.30);高脂饲料组血脂及动脉硬化指数明显升高(总胆固醇:11.93±2.71,总胆固醇/HDL-C:9.86±0.42);高脂饲料加仙人掌组血脂及动脉硬化指数比正常饲料组高,比高脂饲料组低(总胆固醇:4.13±1.42,总胆固醇/HDL-C:3.13±0.35);高脂饲料加仙人掌组与高脂饲料组比较差异有显著意义。结论:仙人掌粉能够阻止血脂升高,对高脂血症有预防作用。     

针刺丰隆穴对正常和高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用

目的:丰隆穴具有化痰降浊、运脾通腑的作用,观察针刺丰隆穴对正常和高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法:实验于2003-05/06在哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院动物实验室完成。①将20只Wistar大鼠随机分为基础饲料组和基础饲料针刺组,每组10只。基础饲料组饲喂基础饲料20d,基础饲料针刺组在给予基础饲料的同时取双侧后肢丰隆穴针刺,行平补平泻手法,留针30min,间隔10min行针1次,治疗1次/d。20d后检测两组大鼠血脂水平。②将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组、高脂模型组、高脂模型仙人掌粉组和高脂模型针刺组,每组10只。空白对照组每日饲喂普通饲料;高脂模型组每天饲喂高脂饲料(2%胆固醇、10%猪油、0.2%甲基硫氧嘧啶、5%胆盐、87.3%基础饲料);高脂模型仙人掌粉组饲喂仙人掌粉9g/d;高脂模型针刺组双侧后肢丰隆穴针刺,行平补平泻手法,留针30min,间隔10min行针1次,治疗1次/d。饲喂治疗20d后,眼球采血检测各组大鼠血脂水平。结果:纳入60只大鼠均进入结果分析。①针刺丰隆穴对正常大鼠血脂的影响:正常大鼠三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无明显作用;基础饲料组低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和动脉粥样硬化指数明显高于基础饲料针刺组犤(0.42±0.20),(0.25±0.20)mmol/L;0.43±0.19,0.28±0.16,P<0.05犦。②针刺丰隆穴对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响:高脂模型针刺组和高脂模型仙人掌粉组的三酰甘油水平明显低于高脂模型组犤(0.95±0.22),(0.87±0.15),(1.53±0.15)mmol/L,P<0.01犦;高脂模型针刺组和高脂模型仙人掌粉组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显低于高脂模型组犤(4.29±1.10),(3.03±1.36),(12.51±2.73)mmol/L,P<0.01犦。结论:针刺丰隆穴能够有效地阻止血脂升高,对高脂血症有预防及治疗作用。     

马齿苋对高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的:研究马齿苋降血脂成分对高脂血症大鼠血脂的影响。方法:将大鼠分为4组:正常饲料组,正常饲料加马齿苋组,高脂饲料组,高脂饲料加马齿苋组,每组10只,喂养3周。于实验前后采血测大鼠血清总胆固醇)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(highdensitylipoprotein-C,HDL-C)并且根据公式计算低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(lowdensitylipoprotein-C,LDL-C)、动脉硬化指数。结果:实验前后正常饲料组大鼠血清总胆固醇(1.62±0.28)mmol/L、三酰甘油(0.39±0.24)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.30±0.18)mmol/L无变化;正常饲料加马齿苋组三酰甘油(1.40±0.26)mmol/L、总胆固醇(0.28±0.16)mmol/L降低,HDL-C(1.49±0.27)mmol/L升高;高脂饲料组总胆固醇(9.89±1.58)mmol/L、三酰甘油(3.12±0.35)mmol/L升高,HDL-C(1.05±0.29)mmol/L降低;高脂饲料加马齿苋组三酰甘油(4.10±1.45)mmol/L、三酰甘油(1.78±0.39)mmol/L比高脂饲料组低(P<0.01),HDL-C(1.59±0.36)mmol/L比高脂饲料组高(P<0.01)。结论:马齿苋对大鼠高脂血症有明显的预防作用。     

加味补阳还五汤对次声暴露下小鼠脑组织过氧化指标的影响

目的:探讨加味补阳还五汤对16Hz,130dB以及8Hz,130dB次声暴露下小鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛含量的影响,以期为次声的防治提供实验学数据。方法:实验于2003-10/2004-03在第四军医大学次声实验室完成。将80只BALB/c小鼠分为8Hz组和16Hz组,这两组分别再分为空白组、单纯次声组、以及次声加用药组(根据用药剂量的不同又分高、中、低剂量3组),每组8只,14d后测试其SOD活性和丙二醛含量。结果:在16Hz组中,次声加用药组SOD活性和丙二醛含量分别为(9.3±1.0),(6.0±1.0)μkat/g和(7.6±1.5),(7.3±1.0)μmol/g,与单纯次声组(3.3±0.7)μkat/g和(11.7±1.6)μmol/g相比,差异具有显著性意义(F=4.382,11.152,P<0.05)。在8Hz组中,次声加用药组SOD活性和丙二醛含量分别为(5.3±0.3),(4.2±0.2)μkat/g和(4.3±0.3),(4.6±0.2)μmol/g,与单纯次声组(2.4±0.1)μkat/g和(5.7±0.3)μmol/g相比,差异具有显著性意义(F=13.672,6.037,P<0.01)。结论:16Hz,130dB以及8Hz,130dB次声可引发小鼠脑皮质的脂质过氧化。加味补阳还五汤可以通过提高小鼠体内SOD的活性来清除体内的自由基,使丙二醛含量降低,从而减少对生物膜等方面的损伤,减轻次声对机体作用后的不良反应。     

Cellular uptake and efflux of azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin, and cethromycin

Macrolide antibiotics have an outstanding ability to concentrate within host cells, particularly phagocytes. In the study described in this paper five different macrolide antibiotics were compared regarding the uptake and release kinetics in human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and three different cell lines, two phagocytic cell lines (RAW 264.7 and THP-1) and an epithelial cell line (MDCK). Based on the results obtained, the substances tested could be clustered into different groups. Azithromycin constituted the first group, characterized by rapid and nonsaturable uptake into phagocytic cells and a high degree of retention in the preloaded cells. The second group included erythromycin and clarithromycin. These two substances do not exhibit cell specificity; consequently, they are taken up to a similar extent and are released by all cell types studied. Ketolides constituted the last group. Their uptake was saturable in cells of monocytic lineage as well as in nondifferentiated cells of myeloid lineage, and they were rapidly released from all the cell lines studied. However, in PMNs, ketolide uptake was not saturable; and unlike telithromycin, cethromycin rapidly egressed from the loaded cells.     

Comparative Activities of Clinafloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin, Sparfloxacin, and Trovafloxacin and Nonquinolones Linozelid, Quinupristin-Dalfopristin, Gentamicin, and Vancomycin against Clinical Isolates of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and -Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains

The activities of eight fluoroquinolones and linezolid, quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid), gentamicin, and vancomycin were tested against 96 ciprofloxacin-susceptible and 205 ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Overall, clinafloxacin, followed by moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin, was the most active quinolone tested. For all isolates, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin showed activities that were at least comparable to vancomycin, with no cross-resistance to any other test compound.     

Absorption, distribution, metabolic fate, and elimination of pefloxacin mesylate in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans

Pefloxacin mesylate is well absorbed by the oral route. The antimicrobial activity in dog, cynomolgus monkey, and human plasma was essentially due to unchanged drug which respectively accounted for 64, 94, and 84% of the total activity (ratios derived from relative area under the curve [AUC] values). Half-lives ranged from 1.9 h in mice to 8.6 h in humans. Protein binding was weak, about 20% in plasma. Except in brain, concentrations in most of the organs and tissues tested in rats and dogs were higher than the plasma levels. Microbiological activity in urine was mainly due to pefloxacin and norfloxacin, the N-desmethyl metabolite. The norfloxacin/pefloxacin ratios were 0 in mice, ca. 1 in rats and dogs, 1.6 in cynomolgus monkeys, and 2.3 in humans. The principal urinary compounds were unchanged drug in mice, pefloxacin glucuronide and pefloxacin N-oxide in rats and dogs, norfloxacin and pefloxacin in monkeys, and pefloxacin N-oxide and norfloxacin in humans. The urinary recovery of identified metabolites was 29.5% of the dose in mice, 37.8% in rats, 36.3% in dogs, 26.5% in monkeys, and 58.9% in humans. Biliary excretion occurred and was extensive in rats and dogs, mainly as a glucuronide conjugate of the drug. In rat and human bile, the main active compound was unchanged pefloxacin.     

Cancers of the prostate, penis, and testicles: epidemiology, prevention, and treatment

Cancer is a disease that most people fear. Nurses are required to provide information on how to avoid cancer, and, once the diagnosis is made, how to cope with it. Prevention and early detection of the cancers described in this article are in the very early stages of knowledge development, but general health promotion guidance can be offered on how to avoid most cancers (ie, no tobacco use, a high-fiber and low fat diet, exercise, and maintaining a normal weight). Nurses also can advise patients to be screened for colorectal cancer at the appropriate ages and time intervals and to be aware as new developments occur in the scientific base for screenings in the areas of prostate, penile, and testicular cancer. Finally, coping with these forms of cancer often requires the patient to make major lifestyle and psychological changes, especially if surgery in the genital area occurs. Decreased libido, incontinence, and impotence are major complications that can occur with these illnesses. The male cancers described vary tremendously in their prevalence, incidence, mortality, treatment, and survival rates. Within this group, there are remarkably positive outcomes and outcomes much in need of improvement. Penile and testicular cancers are the bright spots in this picture; both are uncommon, and both are eminently treatable. Prostate cancer, on the other hand, is quite common, difficult to screen, difficult to treat without major sexual problems, and yet receives relatively little funding from the NIH. Although as many men die from prostate cancer as women die from breast cancer, NIH funds breast cancer research at much higher levels than prostate cancer. According to the latest data available at the NIH Web site, during the 1990s, the amount of NIH funding varied from four times more for breast cancer (1993) to 2.9 times more in 1999. For fiscal year 2002, NIH is providing $522 million in funding for breast cancer and $278 million for prostate cancer. Private foundation funds for prostate cancer are much smaller than those available for breast cancer. Both types of cancer are extremely important to address, and both should receive adequate research attention. Nurses can advocate for more funding for prostate cancer, from basic science approaches to behavioral science strategies.     

Effect of 5-fluorouracil, mitoxantrone, methotrexate, and vincristine on the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotiam, piperacillin, and netilmicin

Using the checkerboard agar dilution technique, antibacterial activity and in vitro interactions of 4 antineoplastic agents and 5 antimicrobial drugs were examined against 56 strains of 7 bacterial species. 5-fluorouracil was found to inhibit all strains of Staphylococcus aureus and of Staphylococcus epidermidis at a concentration of 0.8 micrograms/ml or less. 84% of all gram-negative strains were inhibited synergistically when 5-fluorouracil was combined with beta-lactam antibiotics. Methotrexate and cefotiam were antagonistic in 42% of all combinations, especially when tested against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.     

Attributional,life-event,and affective predictors of onset of depression,anxiety, and negative attributional style

This investigation examined (1) the extent to which negative attributional style and life events predict the development of depression and anxiety, and (2) the extent to which measures of life events, depression, and anxiety predict the development of negative attributional style. Sets of questionnaires, including the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Stimulus-Response Inventory of General Trait Anxiousness (SR-GTA), and the Life Experiences Survey (LES), were administered to 80 undergraduate students on two occasions separated by a 1-month interval, between midterm and final examination periods of an academic semester. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that (1) composite negative attributional style predicted the onset of anxiety, measured by the MAACL anxiety scale, and (2) depression, measured by the MAACL depression scale, and low amounts of desirable life events each predicted the onset of composite negative attributional style.This research was partially supported by the Temple University Research Incentive Fund to the second author. We thank Edward Gracely for his assistance in the data-analytic process.