CD20阳性成人急性B淋巴细胞白血病患者临床特点及生存分析

本研究分析成人CD20阳性急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia,B-ALL)患者的临床特点和生存情况。回顾性总结分析郑州大学第一附属医院血液科2004年5月至2008年12月收治的119例成人B-ALL患者的临床特点和生存情况。结果表明:119例成人B-ALL中CD20阳性40例(33.61%),CD20阴性者79例(66.39%),CD20阳性组和CD20阴性组男性患者比例分别为72.50%和50.63%(p0.05),CD20阳性组和CD20阴性组发病时外周血白细胞数分别为(27.35±30.29)×109/L和(50.11±81.72)×109/L(p0.05)。两组患者在年龄分布、肝脾、淋巴结和中枢神经系统浸润、发病时血红蛋白和血小板水平、髓系抗原表达、Ph染色体、超二倍体和正常核型比例、4周内完全缓解率、诱导死亡率和复发率方面的差异无统计学意义(p0.05);Kaplan-Meier曲线生存率分析显示,CD20阳性组和CD20阴性组成人B-Lin ALL的中位总体生存(OS)时间分别为11.0个月和12.0个月,3年总生存率分别为28%和20%,两组间差异无统计学意义(p=0.832)。结论:CD20在成人B-ALL中的表达与患者的性别分布、外周血白细胞数相关,与其它临床特点无显著相关性,对患者的预后无显著影响。     

急性髓系白血病患者131例免疫表型与预后的相关性分析

目的 探讨急性髓系白血病(AML)免疫表型与预后的相关性.方法 采用多色流式细胞术对131例AML患者进行检测,分析其免疫表型与患者年龄、初诊时WBC、PLT和Hb的关系,及其对完全缓解率(CR)的影响.结果 AML患者中髓系抗原表达阳性率最高的是CD13、CD33和髓过氧化物酶(MPO),急性早幼粒细胞白血病(M3)亚型中CD34和HLA-DR表达率较低,淋巴细胞抗原CD19和CD7表达最常见,阳性率分别为15.4%和14.6%.CD7阳性组患者的年龄明显高于阴性组患者年龄(t=-2.27,P＜0.05),CD14阳性组患者的初诊WBC计数明显高于阴性组(Z=-2.284,P＜0.05).131例AML患者的总CR率为56.5%,CD34阳性组(82例)的CR率为45.1%,CD34阴性组(49例)的CR率为75.6%,两组间差异有统计学意义(x2=11.524,P＜0.05).CD34和HLA-DR双阳性组(74例)的CR率为41.9%,单阳性组(38例)CR率为78.9%,双阴性组(19例)CR率为68.4%,3组问差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.492,P＜0.01).CD7、CD19、CD13、CD33、CD38、CD15、CD64、CD14及MPO等抗原表达阳性组和阴性组间CR率的差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).多因素回归分析显示,患者年龄大于60岁、初诊时WBC大于50×109/L、PLT大于30×109/L、Hb小于60 g/L以及CD34阳性是低CR率的独立风险因素.结论 AML患者年龄,初诊时WBC、PLT和Hb计数以及CD34表达与CR率有关,免疫表型的检测对于判断AML预后有一定价值,有助于指导临床治疗和判断预后.     

白血病干细胞抗原在急性髓系白血病中的表达及临床意义

目的:分析白血病干细胞(LSC)相关抗原在急性髓系白血病(AML)中的特点,探讨LSC特异性抗原与AML的类型、细胞遗传学及临床疗效的关系。方法:选取2013年1月-2016年3月在本院血液科住院的初诊急性髓系白血病(除外M3)患者61例,采用直接免疫荧光FCM进行白血病细胞的免疫表型及Tim-3、CD96、CD123检测,患者分为阳性组与表达阴性组,分析LSC抗原表达水平及与高白细胞计数、染色体、疗效的关系。结果:61例初诊AML(除外M3)患者中,Tim-3、CD96、CD123表达率分别为52.45%、44.26%、55.73%;在各亚型中的表达率与总体病例表达阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。Tim-3、CD96、CD123表达阳性的患者更容易出现高白细胞计数,但与表达阴性的患者比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);Tim-3、CD96表达阳性的患者中检测出预后不良染色体核型比例较高,与表达阴性的患者比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05); CD123表达阳性与阴性的患者中检测出预后不良染色体核型比例相差不大(P 0.05)。2个化疗疗程后Tim-3、CD96、CD123表达阳性的患者完全缓解率明显低于表达阴性的患者(P 0.05)。Tim-3、CD96表达阳性与阴性患者的总生存(OS)期比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),CD123表达阳性与阴性患者OS期相差不大。结论:Tim-3、CD96、CD123在初诊AML(除外M3)各亚型中的表达水平与总体病例表达水平相差不大;Tim-3、CD96、CD123表达阳性的患者容易出现高白细胞计数,且2个化疗疗程后完全缓解率明显低于表达阴性的患者;Tim-3、CD96表达阳性患者中检测出预后不良染色体核型比例高,同时其总生存期也短于阴性患者。     

62例CD20阳性多发性骨髓瘤患者临床特征分析

目的 分析CD20阳性多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者的临床和实验室检查特征.方法 回顾性分析62例CD20阳性初诊MM患者的临床及实验室检查资料,并与CD20阴性患者进行比较.结果 ①采用流式细胞术进行CD20分析的465例初诊MM患者中,CD20阳性者62例(13.3％).②CD20阳性与阴性组患者比较,其性别、年龄、Durie-Salmon分期、ISS分期、肾功能损害、LDH水平、血小板计数及免疫球蛋白类型差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).③CD20阳性组患者血红蛋白水平(74.5 g/L对83.5 g/L,P=0.021)、髓外浸润发生率(3.5％对13.7％,P=0.029)、CD56阳性细胞率(36.7％对68.8％,P=0.000)、t(4;14)发生率(2.4％对24.0％,P=0.001)明显低于CD20阴性组.④CD20阳性组患者骨髓浆细胞比例(0.400对0.295,P=0.045)及恶性浆细胞比例(20.0％对6.8％,P=0.000)、CD45阳性细胞率(12.1％对4.5％,P=0.018)、CD79a阳性细胞率(9.8％对1.5％,P=0.013)、t(11;14)发生率(60.5％对14.4％,P=0.000)明显高于CD20阴性组.⑤两组患者对治疗的反应率、完全缓解率、无进展生存及总体生存时间差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 MM患者CD20阳性发生率为13.3％,CD20阳性MM患者的瘤细胞更易在骨髓浸润,累及红系造血,免疫表型更多为不典型表现.与CD20阴性患者比较,CD20阳性患者t(11;14)发生率明显升高,而t(4;14)发生率明显降低.     

多参数流式细胞术检测儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病免疫表型与预后分析

目的探讨儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的免疫表型特征及其在疾病预后判断中的价值。方法采用多参数流式细胞术对120例B-ALL患儿进行免疫表型检测,并进行跟踪随访,分析免疫表型与预后的关系。结果B-ALL患儿CD19(100.0%)、CD10(95.8%)、TdT(94.2%)、CyCD79a(91.7%)、CD9(81.7%)、CD22(80.8%)、CD58(64.2%)的阳性率均较高;不同B-ALL亚型患儿CD22、CD9、CyCD79a、TdT阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),CD58阳性率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。120例B-ALL患儿中有87例(72.5%)表达髓系相关抗原;干/祖细胞系相关抗原CD34(79.2%)、CD38(90.0%)、HLA-DR(99.2%)、CD123(60.0%)在B-ALL患儿中阳性率较高;不同B-ALL亚型患儿髓系及干/祖细胞系相关抗原阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同B-ALL亚型患儿疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);髓系相关抗原阳性患儿完全缓解(CR)率为65.5%,低于髓系相关抗原阴性患儿(84.8%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CD34阳性患儿CR率为65.3%,低于CD34阴性患儿(92.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 B-ALL各亚型间免疫表型存在差异,免疫表型分析有助于B-ALL的诊断和预后判断。     

IKZF1基因IK6亚型在成人急性淋巴细胞白血病中的表达及临床意义

本研究通过检测IKZF1基因在成人急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患者骨髓细胞中的表达亚型,探讨IK6功能缺陷亚型患者的临床特征及预后。应用巢式RT-PCR方法检测79例初诊ALL患者IKZF1基因表达亚型,统计IK6亚型阳性患者比例,分析IK6阳性患者年龄、性别、白细胞计数、融合基因、危险分层特点,比较IK6阳性组与IK6阴性组患者总生存率、无病生存率的差异。结果表明：在ALL患者中检测到IKZF1基因表达的功能亚型为IK1、IK2/3,功能缺陷亚型主要为IK4、IK6、IK8、IK9;表达IK6亚型患者占B-ALL患者的34.4%,占T-ALL患者的22.2%;B-ALL中IK6阳性组患者BCR/ABL1阳性率及高危组患者比例均高于IK6阴性组（P=0.027,P=0.048）,而两组的年龄、性别、白细胞计数无显著性差异,T-ALL中IK6阳性组与IK6阴性组的年龄、性别、白细胞计数、危险分层均无显著性差异,在Ph染色体阴性的B-ALL患者中,IK6阳性组的总生存率和无病生存率均低于IK6阴性组（P=0.009,P=0.002）。结论：在成人ALL中IKZF1基因IK6表达亚型为主要功能缺陷亚型,IK6亚型的表达可作为Ph染色体阴性的B-ALL患者预后危险因素,指导成人ALL治疗。     

急性B淋巴系白血病细胞CD271表达和血清神经生长因子水平的临床意义

本研究检测惠性B淋巴系白血病( B-ALL)患者血清神经生长因子(NGF)水平及骨髓白血病细胞群表面NGF低亲和性受体CD271的表达,并探讨两者的临床意义.应用酶标记免疫吸附分析法测定B-ALL患者血清NGF水平,应用流式细胞术测定患者骨髓白血病细胞群表面CD271的表达水平.结果表明,病例组患者NGF水平与对照组比较明显升高(t=4.191,p＜0.05),而白血病细胞表面CD271表达与对照组比较明显降低(t=4.898,p＜0.05).25例初治B-ALL患者经CVAD方案化疗1个周期后完全缓解(CR)率为64％( 16/25).未缓解(NR)组患者化疗后NGF水平和CD271表达与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=3.976,p＜0.05和t=5.052,p＜0.05),而CR组化疗后NGF水平和CD271表达与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(t=1.102,p＞0.05和t=l.150,p＞0.05).CR组和NR组患者化疗前CD271表达比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.889,p＜0.05),但NGF水平比较差异无统计学意义(t =0.476,p＞0.05).CR组和NR组患者化疗后NGF水平及CD271表达比较差异均有统计学意义(t =3.751,p＜0.05和=4.678,p＜0.05).50％ (8/16)例患者在随访过程中复发,复发患者NGF水平和CD271表达分别为( 168.00 +61.66) pg/ml和(52.29±13.00)％,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(t=5.284,p＜0.05和t=6.073,p ＜0.05),余8例患者在缓解期NGF水平和CD271表达分别为(81.13 ±25.32) pg/ml和(78.45±7.12)％,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.228,p＞0.05和t＝1.144,p＞0.05).B-ALL患者NGF高水平组和低水平组生存时间比较差异无统计学意义(p =0.750),同时CD271高表达组和低表达组生存时间比较差异无统计学意义(p =0.170).结论:B-ALL患者血清NGF水平升高和骨髓白血病细胞CD271表达降低与白血病发生发展有关,这两项指标可能对疗效和预后判断具有一定的参考价值.     

成人Ph染色体和(或)bcr-abl阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病患者细胞遗传学及预后分析

目的 分析成人Ph染色体和(或)bc-abl阳性(Ph+/bor-abl+)急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者细胞遗传学改,变的特点,探讨其对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2007年12月就诊并行染色体检杏的100例成人Ph+/bcr-abl+ALL.患者的临床资料,总结其染色体畸变的类型、分布和频牢特点,并进行分组研究,探讨不同组之间的临床特点及预后差异.结果 ①72例检出染色体异常,22例为单纯Ph染色体阳性或其变异型,44例Ph阳性伴附加染色体异常,常见的异常有+Ph、-7、+21、-20、+8、9p-、del(22)等.②染色体数目分组比较:假二倍体组和高二倍体组初诊时白细胞计数明显高于正常核型组,而正常核型组总生存(OS)率较业二倍体和假二倍体组高,无复发生存(RFS)期较亚二倍体和假二倍体组长.③染色体畸变类型分组比较:Ph阳性组初诊时白细胞计数明显高于Ph阴性组,而OS率较Ph阴性组低,RFS期较Ph阴性组短;单纯Ph阳性组与Ph阳性伴附加染色体异常组在临床特征、OS率和RFS期间的差异均无统计学意义.同时Ph阳性伴附加染色体异常组的OS期和RFS期也明显短于Ph阴性组.④核型分组比较:全部核型正常组(NN)患者较正常与异常核型共存组(AN)年龄轻,初诊时白细胞计数低,融合基因表达以P190为主,髓系抗原表达率高,RFS率和OS率高;NN组较全部核型异常组(AA)初诊时白细胞计数低,髓外浸润重,RFS率和OS率高.而AA与AN组之间各项差异均无统计学意义.⑤双Ph染色体组融合基因P190比例低于非双Ph染色体组,OS期短于非双Ph染色体组.结论 成人Ph+/bcr-abl+ALL患者染色体改变复杂,假二倍体和高二倍体提示预后不良,双Ph染色体可能提示预后不良.     

CD99与ALK蛋白在间变性大细胞淋巴瘤患者中的复合表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨CD99/MIC2与间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK)蛋白在间变性大细胞淋巴瘤(anaplastic large cell lymphoma,ALCL)中的复合表达规律及其临床意义.方法 对前期收集的25例有ALK蛋白表达和随访资料的ALCL患者进行回顾性分析,对ALK蛋白表达阳性组及阴性组患者生存时间进行比较;应用免疫组化S-P方法检测后期收集的25例ALCL患者病理组织标本和细胞株Karpas299细胞CD99蛋白和ALK蛋白表达,并进行两种蛋白复合表达分析.结果 前期收集的25例ALCL患者中位生存期在ALK阳性组(17例)为59个月,阴性组(8例)为20个月,阳性组患者的预后优于阴性组(P＜0.05).后期收集的25例ALCL患者标本中,CD99蛋白表达阳性18例(72.0％),阴性7例(28.0％);ALK蛋白表达阳性19例(76.0％),阴性6例(24.0％).在19例ALK阳性ALCL患者中16例(84.2％) CD99蛋白复合表达阳性,6例ALK阴性ALCL患者中,2例(33.3％) CD99蛋白复合表达阳性,两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CD99和ALK蛋白在Karpas299细胞中呈弥漫阳性表达.结论 CD99蛋白在ALCL患者中高表达,与ALK蛋白在ALCL患者中复合表达率较高,CD99联合ALK蛋白表达可作为ALCL病理诊断和判断预后的辅助指标,尤其对ALK蛋白表达阳性的ALCL患者更具有临床意义.     

CD34和HLA-DR在初治成人急性髓细胞白血病中的表达及意义

目的:研究CD34和HLA-DR在初治成人急性髓细胞白血病(M3除外)中的表达及意义.方法:应用流式细胞术测定初治成人急性髓细胞白血病患者骨髓细胞膜上CD34和HLA-DR的表达.结果:急性髓细胞白血病患者CD34、HLA-DR表达的阳性率分别为67.6%(96/142),74.6%(106/142);CD34,HLA-DR阳性表达组缓解率低于阴性表达组(P＜0.05);CD34/HLA-DR双阳性表达组缓解率低于双阴性表达组(P＜0.05).结论:CD34、HLA-DR在急性髓细胞白血病患者骨髓细胞中阳性表达率高,且阳性表达者完全缓解率低,提示预后不良.     

儿童遗传性心律失常的诊治进展

回顾在遗传性心律失常领域最新发表的相关研究,主要关注与儿童心源性猝死关系密切的离子通道病,包括长QT综合征（LQTS）、短QT综合征（SQTS）、Brugada综合征（BrS）和儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速（CPVT）,总结它们在发病机制及诊治方面的进展。     

The acoustic characteristics of the skull

Many investigators have stated that the difficulties of imaging with acoustical energy through the skull result from the marked attenuation of the energy by the skull. In the literature measurements of total attenuation have been confused with those for absorption.Measurements made by us show that absorption by compact bone varies between 2–3 dB cm^?1 MHz^?1 and, in the low megaHertz region appears to be directly proportional to frequency.It has also between shown that the convoluted inner surface of the ivory bone of the inner table of the skull may degrade the collimation and directionality of the beam by refraction.Cancellous bone, such as is present in the dipole of the skull, greatly attenuates the energy. It is postulated that this largely results from scattering. It is also postulated that the energy propagates through cancellous bone as two components, one in the soft tissues and the other partly in the bony spicules. Observations suggest that attenuation due to scattering much more markedly affects the latter of these components and scatters more greatly the higher frequencies in a pulse of broad bandwidth.The energy in each component has varying propagation paths so that the later cycles in the pulse of each component are subject to increasing interference as a result of the variations in propagation times. The two components moreover may have different propagation times so that interference may occur between the pulses of each component as well.All of these phenomena degrade the collimation, coherence, directionality, beam width, pulse length, frequency and other properties of the ultrasonic energy upon which imaging through the skull depends.The interference effects described above are least for the first cycle in the pulse which usually is not the cycle of highest amplitude. Since, in the free field, most of the energy is concentrated around the beam axis, most of the energy in the field which is deflected from its normal propagation path is deflected away from the beam axis. Thus the directionality of the beam is least degraded in the beam axis. The effects of the skull in degrading the properties of the ultrasonic pulse would therefore be lessened if the amplitude of the first cycle of the pulse and the directionality of its energy could be used for imaging.     

Organ Preservation: Current Concepts and New Strategies for the Next Decade

SUMMARY: Organ transplantation has developed over the past 50 years to reach the sophisticated and integrated clinical service of today through several advances in science. One of the most important of these has been the ability to apply organ preservation protocols to deliver donor organs of high quality, via a network of organ exchange to match the most suitable recipient patient to the best available organ, capable of rapid resumption of life-sustaining function in the recipient patient. This has only been possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying organ preservation. This review sets out the history of organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to the process, and what the current status is for the range of solid organs commonly transplanted. The science of organ preservation is constantly being updated with new knowledge and ideas, and the review also discusses what innovations are coming close to clinical reality to meet the growing demands for high quality organs in transplantation over the next few years.     

2017年呼吸疾病主要进展

2017年,国内外学者在呼吸系统疾病的临床和基础领域均进行了深入研究,不仅对相关指南进行了更新,并且针对一些临床热点、难点问题达成专家共识,现就2017年呼吸疾病相关进展作一简单介绍。     

家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

目的加强对家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（familially hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,FHL）的认识。方法报道确诊为FHL的新病例1例,结合国内外报道的FHL的病例,对该病的临床特点进行汇总分析。结果FHL2常与PRF1基因突变相关,约20%~40%的患者存在穿孔素基因突变。结论对于有阳性家族史,基因诊断明确,应尽早行化疗或者造血干细胞移植。若无家族史,未发现与继发性HLH相关的原发病因,可考虑行基因筛查以明确是否存在FHL的可能。     

COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related dermatological reactions: An interesting case series with a narrative review of the potential critical and non‐critical mucocutaneous adverse effects related to virus,therapy, and the vaccination

This narrative review article was conducted to lay out a summarized but exhaustive review of current literature over mucocutaneous manifestations in 4 dimensions of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: virus itself, treatment‐related, vaccine‐induced, and alteration of chronic dermatologic diseases following infection. Virus and vaccine‐related were mainly self‐limited and non‐severe. Treatment‐related reactions could be life‐threatening.     

Burkitt's lymphoma of maxillary gingiva: A case report

Burkitt's lymphoma(BL) is an aggressive form of nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma with three variants namely endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. It is endemic in Africa and sporadic in other parts of the world. While the endemic form is widely reported to occur in early childhood and commonly involves the jaw bones, the sporadic form typically presents as an abdominal mass. This presentation reports a rare case of sporadic form of BL clinically manifesting as a generalized gingival enlargement in an immunocompetent adult male which demonstrated an aggressive behavior. The patient reported with a prominent anterior gingival swelling of 6 mo duration which slowly enlarged in size and associated with multiple lymph node involvement. Microscopic examination of the lesion using H, E and immunohistochemical diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis as BL. The patient succumbed to the disease before any therapy could be instituted. Since a wide array of causes can be attributed to gingival enlargements, it is necessary to consider malignancies as one of the important differential diagnosis so as to facilitate the need for appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment.     

Real‐life effectiveness of biological therapies on symptoms in severe asthma with comorbid CRSwNP

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibody therapies on nasal polyp symptoms in patients treated for severe asthma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP who were treated with anti‐IgE, anti‐IL‐5/R or anti‐IL‐4R. CRSwNP symptom burden was evaluated before and after 6 months of therapy.ResultsFifty patients were included hereof treated with anti‐IgE: 9, anti‐IL‐5/R: 26 and anti‐IL‐4R: 15 patients. At baseline median SNOT‐20 was similar among groups (anti‐IgE: 55, anti‐IL‐5/R: 52 and anti‐IL‐4R: 56, p = 0.76), median visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal symptoms was 4, 7 and 8 (p = 0.14) and VAS for total symptoms was higher in the anti‐IL‐4R group (4, 5 and 8, p = 0.002). After 6 months SNOT‐20 improved significantly in all patient groups with median improvement of anti‐IgE: −8 (p < 0.01), anti‐IL‐5/R: −13 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −18 (p < 0.001), with larger improvement in the anti‐IL‐4R group than in anti‐IgE (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐5/R (p < 0.001) groups. VAS nasal symptoms improved by median anti‐IgE: 0 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −1 (p < 0.01) and anti‐IL‐4R: −3 (p < 0.001), VAS total symptoms by anti‐IgE: −1 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −2 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTreatment by all antibodies showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms of CRSwNP in patients with severe asthma, with the largest reduction observed in anti‐IL‐4R‐treated patients.     

Recalcitrant giant orf recurrence after amputation: A case report and review of the literature

Orf is caused by a parapoxvirus. We present a recurrent, giant digital orf case in a female patient with a history of hairy cell leukemia. In spite of shave excision, the lesion progressed and recurred after digital amputation. Treatment with topical imiquimod cream and systemic subcutaneous interferon alfa‐2a was successful.