腹部无切口经直肠肛门外翻切除标本的低位直肠癌根治术11例

目的 讨论腹部无切口经直肠肛门外翻切除标本的腹腔镜下直肠癌根治术的可行性及短期疗效.方法 完成腹部无切口经直肠肛门外翻切除标本的低位直肠癌根治术11例.结果 手术平均时间为（189.5±25.2）min,术中平均出血量为（25.4 ±9.4） ml,术后平均排气时间为（38.9±8.6）h,住院平均时间为（12.7±2.5）d,淋巴结检出平均数目为（13.5±4.1）枚,肿瘤平均直径2.7（0.6～ 5.3） cm,无术中及术后并发症.结论 腹部无切口经直肠肛门外翻切除标本的低位直肠癌根治术在技术上可行,具有良好的安全性,其远期效果还需要进一步研究.     

无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床研究

目的:探讨无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床应用价值.方法:回顾性分析术前Dukes A期26例患者,行无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治术的临床病理资料,其中直肠癌Dixon术式21例,Miles术式5例.结果:26例直肠癌均在完全腹腔镜下完成手术,无死亡病例,上端切缘距肿瘤大于10cm,下端切缘大于3cm;病理均为腺癌,切缘无癌组织残留.术中出血量(15-310)ml,平均87.89ml;手术时间(109-297)min,平均173.45min;术后肠蠕动恢复时间(27-88)h,平均49.97h;术后住院(7-12)d,平均8.69d;淋巴结清扫(2-20)枚,平均12.3枚.术后有1例吻合口出血,无吻合口瘘和狭窄等并发症,术后短期随访局部复发l例,其他患者无复发、转移及trocar切口的种植转移.结论:无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治手术是安全可行的,患者痛苦小,并发症少,可获最佳美容,术后恢复快,与常规开腹手术疗效相当.     

无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床研究

目的：探讨无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析术前Dukes A期26例患者,行无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治术的临床病理资料,其中直肠癌Dixon术式21例,Miles术式5例。结果：26例直肠癌均在完全腹腔镜下完成手术,无死亡病例,上端切缘距肿瘤大于10cm,下端切缘大于3cm;病理均为腺癌,切缘无癌组织残留。术中出血量（15-310）ml,平均87.89ml;手术时间（109-297）min,平均173.45min;术后肠蠕动恢复时间（27-88）h,平均49.97h;术后住院（7-12）d,平均8.69d;淋巴结清扫（2-20）枚,平均12.3枚。术后有1例吻合口出血,无吻合口瘘和狭窄等并发症,术后短期随访局部复发l例,其他患者无复发、转移及trocar切口的种植转移。结论：无辅助切口完全腹腔镜下直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治手术是安全可行的,患者痛苦小,并发症少,可获最佳美容,术后恢复快,与常规开腹手术疗效相当。     

直肠癌根治术中双吻合器的应用分析

目的：介绍和评价双吻合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用。方法：对９０例直肠癌根治术中行双吻合器吻合的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：行传统根治术７５例,扩大根治术７例,直肠全系膜切除术（ＴＭＥ）者８例,吻合过程顺利。术后切口感染３例（３．３３％）,吻合口狭窄５例（５．５６％）,吻合口瘘３例（３．３３％）。无手术死亡病例。术后吻合口复发２例,腹腔淋巴结转移３例,随访期间肝转移５例。全部病例中８３例获得随访,５年生存率５８．６％。结论双吻合器应用于直肠癌前切除术中的结直肠吻合具有操作简单,节约手术时间和安全等优点,并可适当提高低位直肠癌保肛率。     

直肠癌根治术中双吻合器的应用分析

:[目的]介绍和评价双吻合器在直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用。[方法]对90例直肠癌根治术中行双吻合器吻合的病例进行回顾性分析。[结果]行传统根治术75例 ,扩大根治术7例 ,直肠全系膜切除术(TME)者8例 ,吻合过程顺利。术后切口感染3例(3.33 %) ,吻合口狭窄5例(5.56 %) ,吻合口瘘3例(3.33%)。无手术死亡病例。术后吻合口复发2例 ,腹腔淋巴结转移3例 ,随访期间肝转移5例。全部病例中83例获得随访 ,5年生存率58.6%。[结论]双吻合器应用于直肠癌前切除术中的结直肠吻合具有操作简单 ,节约手术时间和安全等优点 ,并可适当提高低位直肠癌保肛率。     

腹腔镜辅助经肛外翻拖出式超低位直肠癌根治术的应用体会

目的 评价腹腔镜辅助经肛外翻拖出式直肠切除治疗低位直肠癌根治术的安全性和疗效.方法 对我院2008年12月至2010年6月接受腹腔镜辅助经肛直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治术的30例低位直肠癌患者(肿瘤下缘距齿状线3～5 cm,A组)资料进行回顾性分析,在数据库中,抽取同期接受腹腔镜辅助直肠前切除直肠癌根治术(Dixon)的中低位直肠癌30例作为对照组(肿瘤下缘距齿状线5～10 cm,B组).观察两组手术近期并发症发生率、术后肛门排便功能和短期局部复发率.结果 两组60例均保留了有控制大便功能的肛门,A组术后恢复进食两周内每天大便次数多于B组(P=0.025),术后6个月后.两组每天排便次数无统计学差异(P=0.652).两组均各有1例吻合口漏,B组有1例吻合口出血,无手术死亡,随访6个月至2年,两组均有1例局部复发.结论 腹腔镜辅助经肛直肠外翻拖出式直肠癌根治术操作方便,安全可行、疗效确切,提高了患者生存质量.     

抵钉座经肛置入法腹部无切口手术与腹腔镜直肠前切除术的对比研究

  目的  探讨抵钉座经肛置入法腹部无切口手术（natural orifice specimen extraction surgery,NOSES）与腹腔镜直肠前切除术（laparoscopic anterior rectectomy,LAR）的临床效果比较。  方法  回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年1月在菏泽市立医院接受治疗的60例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中NOSES组（n=30）作为观察组行抵钉座经肛置入法肛门外翻切除标本腹部无切口手术,对照组（n=30）行LAR,对比分析两组术中和术后各临床相关指标。术后随访6~12个月,观察肿瘤复发情况。  结果  两组患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹病例,两组术中出血量、术中淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、肿瘤复发率等差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;NOSES组手术时间、术后疼痛评分、首次下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、首次进食时间、住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。  结论  NOSES治疗中低位直肠癌安全可行、效果满意。相比传统腹腔镜手术具有手术时间短、术后疼痛轻、下床活动早、肛门排气早、进食时间早、住院时间短、腹部无切口疤痕、快速康复等优点,而术后并发症及肿瘤复发率无明显增加,值得临床上推广应用。      

直肠低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的处理与预防（附24例报告）

目的：探讨直肠低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的治疗措施及术中处理细节.方法：对我院2008年1月至2012年12月期间直肠低位前切除术后出现吻合口瘘患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果：510例行直肠低位前切除术的患者中,24例术后出现吻合口瘘,吻合口瘘发生率4.7%;吻合口瘘发生于术后4天～25天（中位8天）;该24例患者中,8例（33.3%）行肠造瘘手术,16例（66.7%）行局部置管冲洗引流,配合全身营养支持治愈;无患者死亡.结论：大多数吻合口瘘都可以通过保守治疗痊愈,术中精细操作,确保肠段的血供和无张力吻合是预防直肠低位前切除术后吻合口瘘的关键.     

双吻合器在中低位直肠癌前切除术中的应用

[目的]评价双吻合器技术在中低位直肠癌前切除术中的应用价值。[方法]回顾分析2004年1月～2006年1月32例中低位直肠癌根治术中行双吻合器吻合的病例。[结果]32例应用双吻合器的手术中直肠闭合及吻合顺利，术后切口感染3例，吻合口狭窄1例，吻合口瘘1例，尿潴留2例，性功能障碍3例，无手术死亡病例。[结论]双吻合器吻合法可作为中低位直肠癌保肛手术的安全可靠的术式选择，从而提高中低位直肠癌患者生存质量。     

腹腔镜下中低位直肠癌根治术中吻合口加固缝合预防术后吻合口瘘的效果及对术后恢复的影响北大核心

目的:探究腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中吻合口加固缝合对中低位直肠癌患者术后吻合口瘘的预防效果及对术后恢复的影响。方法:收集2018年01月至2021年06月在我院诊断为直肠癌且肿瘤距离肛门10 cm以内,行腹腔镜下直肠癌前切除术患者,详细收集患者临床资料,比较加固缝合组患者与传统吻合组患者术后相关临床指标的差异。结果:本研究共纳入254例患者,两组患者在一般指标对比上均未见明显差异。加固缝合组患者手术时间较传统吻合组明显增加(P<0.05);而两组患者在术中出血量、术后排气排便时间、术后吻合口瘘发生情况及时间上并无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下加固缝合中低位直肠癌吻合口对于预防术后吻合口瘘的发生效果仍不确切,需大量研究进一步证实。     

Comparative short- and long-term outcomes of three techniques of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery for rectal cancer

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of three techniques of NOSES for rectal cancer (RC).Materials and methodsA consecutive series of RC patients in stage I-III who underwent laparoscopic NOSES were enrolled. Three main techniques of NOSES included specimen eversion and extra-abdominal resection (EVER), specimen extraction and extra-abdominal resection (EXER) and intra-abdominal resection and specimen extraction (IREX). The postoperative complications, 5-year disease free survival (DFS), 5-year local recurrence rate (LRR) and 5-year distant metastasis rate (DMR) were compared in three techniques.Results268 RC patients met inclusion criteria, including 83 patients treated with EVER, 75 patients treated with EXER and 110 patients treated with IREX. Tumor location was the most critical factor associated with technique selection, with P < 0.001. Postoperative complication rate was 12.3% for all patients, and it was 18.1% for EVER, 13.3% for EXER and 7.3% for IREX. There were no significant differences for anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding and intraabdominal abscess among three technique groups, with P > 0.05. For long-term outcomes, the 5-year DFS, 5-year LRR and 5-year DMR were 85.03%, 4.22% and 11.00% for all patients. Patients in advanced tumor stage have worse long-term survival compared with patients in early stage, but no significant survival differences were observed among three technique groups.ConclusionThree techniques of NOSES for RC had acceptable short- and long-term outcomes, and tumor location was a determinant of technique selection.     

3种经自然腔道取标本手术方式治疗直肠癌的安全性与肿瘤学预后对比研究

目的:探讨经自然腔道取标本手术(natural orifice specimen extraction surgery,NOSES)的安全性,并比较3种取标术式在直肠癌治疗中的近期疗效和远期预后.方法:回顾性分析接受腹腔镜NOSES的Ⅰ～Ⅲ期直肠癌患者的临床资料.直肠NOSES手术包括外翻切除式、拉出切除式和切除拖出式...     

EGFR基因突变与肺腺癌主要病理分型及标本类型的关系

背景与目的 随着基因突变技术及靶向药物治疗如火如荼的开展,对肺腺癌的精准治疗越来越受到关注,目前肺腺癌中研究最多的是表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR).对于EGFR突变和病理分型的关系在不同标本中是否一致,目前不甚明了.本研究比较肺腺癌活检标本和手术切除标本中EGFR基因突变与病理分型的关系是否一致,探讨EGFR基因突变与肺腺癌病理分型的关系以及标本类型对EGFR基因检测的影响.方法 收集肺腺癌手术切除标本(楔形肺切除、肺叶切除标本)163例,肺腺癌活检[粘膜活检、肺穿刺、支气管内超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)标本]173例,按照2015年世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)肺腺癌分型标准对其主要组织学分型确认(贴壁型、腺泡型、乳头型、微乳头型、实体型),行EGFR基因检测[基因测序法及突变扩增阻滞系统(amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)].分别对活检标本和手术切除标本进行统计.结果163例的肺腺癌手术切除标本中,102例EGFR基因突变,突变率为62.58%,173例的活检标本中,114例EGFR基因突变,突变率为65.9%.两组标本中EGFR突变率没有统计学差异(P>0.05).两组标本中女性的EGFR突变率均明显高于男性(P<0.05).手术切除标本中60岁以上患者的EGFR突变率明显低于60岁以下(P<0.05),而活检标本中EGFR突变与年龄无关(P>0.05).在EGFR突变的两组标本中病理分型构成比不同(χ2=8.040,P<0.05).手术切除标本肺腺癌中EGFR突变的102例中,腺泡型占54.9%(56例),贴壁型占23.53%(24例),乳头型占17.65%(18例),实体型占3.9%(4例),其中腺泡型所占比例最高,其次是贴壁型和乳头型,实体型则比例最少.19、21外显子单独突变最多,21外显子突变在贴壁型较其他两型高(P<0.05),19外显子突变在乳头型较贴壁型高(P<0.05).腺泡型和乳头型比较,19、21外显子突变无统计学意义.活检标本肺腺癌中EGFR突变的114例中腺泡型占48.25%(55例),贴壁型占26.32%(30例),乳头型占11.4%(13例),微乳头型占4.39%(5例),实体型占9.65%(11例).腺泡型所占比例最高,其次是贴壁型,乳头状、微乳头状和实体型最少.同样是19、21外显子单独突变最多,但不同病理分型中,19、21外显子突变均无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 肺腺癌中手术切除标本和活检标本EGFR突变率没有差异,且突变与性别有关,均为女性突变率高于男性.手术切除标本中EGFR突变与年龄有关,年龄越大突变率越低,而在活检标本中则与年龄无关.两组标本的病理分型构成比不同.19、21外显子单独突变最多.手术切除标本中EGFR突变类型与主要病理分型有关,21外显子单独突变中贴壁型最多,19外显子单独突变中乳头型最多.EGFR突变活检标本中,19、21外显子单独突变与主要病理分型无明显相关.     

腹部无辅助切口经阴道拖出标本在女性腹腔镜高位直肠癌手术中的应用

目的:探讨腹部无辅助切口经阴道拖出标本的腹腔镜下高位直肠癌根治术的安全性、可行性与近期临床疗效。方法:于2015年1月至2019年1月期间在中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科接受腹部无辅助切口经阴道拖出标本的腹腔镜高位直肠癌根治术（NOSES组）的患者共28例,采用1∶2配对设计,获得同时期接受传统腹腔镜高位直肠癌根治术（传统腹腔镜组）56例。采用回顾性队列研究的方法,收集分析两组患者的临床病理资料。结果:比较两组患者年龄、体质指数、美国麻醉医师学会（ASA）评分、腹部手术史、肿瘤大小、肿瘤病理学分期（pTNM）等基本资料,结果提示两组间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。NOSES组手术时间（124.3±18.3）min,术中出血量（67.3±58.8）ml;传统腹腔镜组手术时间（133.5±16.4）min,术中出血量（62.5±51.2）ml。两组在手术时间、出血量、首次排气时间、术后并发症、淋巴结清扫数量方面亦无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。而相比于传统腹腔镜组,NOSES组患者术后住院时间短（P=0.042）、术后第一日（P＜0.001）与第二日（P=0.013）疼痛程度明显较低。结论:腹部无辅助切口经阴道拖出标本的腹腔镜高位直肠癌根治术是安全可行的。具有手术创伤小、患者恢复速度快等优势,并可取得令人满意的近期疗效。     

抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术的近期疗效#br#

目的探讨抵钉座体外置入法在经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术中的近期疗效及应用价值。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月在河南大学淮河医院肛肠外科接受腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术的52例患者的临床资料,其中26例行抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口手术（NOSES组）,26例行传统腹壁小切口取标本手术（LAP组）。并对其术中、术后资料进行分析。 结果两组共52例患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹病例,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、环周切缘情况、术后随访情况及术后肛门功能比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞005）。与LAP组相比,NOSES组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后住院时间均更短,术后疼痛评分、额外镇痛药物使用率更低,住院费用更少,患者对术后腹壁外观满意程度更高（均P＜005）。 结论抵钉座体外置入法经肛门外翻切除标本的腹部无辅助切口腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术近期疗效满意,且在减轻术后疼痛、缩短术后住院时间、降低住院费用、腹壁外观更加美观等方面具有优势。     

Detection of multiple druggable mutations of lung cancer from cytology specimens by MINtS: An advanced medicine A trial

Most multigene mutation tests require tissue specimens. However, cytological specimens are easily obtained in the clinical practice and provide high-quality DNA and RNA. We aimed to establish a test that utilizes cytological specimens and performed a multi-institutional study to investigate the performance of MINtS, a test based on next-generation sequencing. A standard procedure for specimen isolation was defined. The specimens were considered suitable for the test if >100 ng DNA and >50 ng RNA could be extracted from them. In total, 500 specimens from 19 institutions were investigated. MINtS detected druggable mutations in 63% (136 of 222) of adenocarcinomas. Discordant results between MINtS and the companion diagnostics were observed in 14 of 310 specimens for the EGFR gene, and 6 of 339 specimens for the ALK fusion genes. Confirmation by other companion diagnostics for the EGFR mutations or the clinical response to an ALK inhibitor all supported the results obtained by MINtS. MINtS along with the isolation procedure presented in the current study will be a platform to establish multigene mutation tests that utilize cytological specimens. UMIN000040415.     

Development of a machine learning algorithm to predict complications of total laparoscopic anterior resection and natural orifice specimen extraction surgery in rectal cancer

BackgroundTotal laparoscopic anterior resection (tLAR) and natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) has been widely adopted in the treatment of rectal cancer (RC). However, no study has been performed to predict the short-term outcomes of tLAR using machine learning algorithms to analyze a national cohort.MethodsData from consecutive RC patients who underwent tLAR were collected from the China NOSES Database (CNDB). The random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector machine (SVM), deep neural network (DNN), logistic regression (LR) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms were used to develop risk models to predict short-term complications of tLAR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), Gini coefficient, specificity and sensitivity were calculated to assess the performance of each risk model. The selected factors from the models were evaluated by relative importance.ResultsA total of 4313 RC patients were identified, and 667 patients (15.5%) developed postoperative complications. The machine learning model of XGBoost showed more promising results in the prediction of complication than other models (AUROC 0.90, P < 0.001). The performance was similar when internal and external validation was used. In the XGBoost model, the top four influential factors were the distance from the lower edge of the tumor to the anus, age at diagnosis, surgical time and comorbidities. In risk stratification analysis, the rate of postoperative complications in the high-risk group was significantly higher than in the medium- and low-risk groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe machine learning model shows potential benefits in predicting the risk of complications in RC patients after tLAR. This novel approach can provide reliable individual information for surgical treatment recommendations.     

Mini-invasive surgery for colorectal cancer

Laparoscopic techniques have been extensively used for the surgical management of colorectal cancer during the last two decades. Accumulating data have demonstrated that laparoscopic colectomy is associated with better short-term outcomes and equivalent oncologic outcomes when compared with open surgery. However, some controversies regarding the oncologic quality of mini-invasive surgery for rectal cancer exist. Meanwhile, some progresses in colorectal surgery, such as robotic technology, single-incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice specimen extraction, and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, have been made in recent years. In this article, we review the published data and mainly focus on the current status and latest advances of mini-invasive surgery for colorectal cancer.