TOLERANCE AND DEPENDENCE IN HIGH ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY (HAS) AND LOW ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY (LAS) RATS AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION BY INHALATION

In rats selected for their differences in sleep time followingacute administration of ethanol (high or low alcohol sensitivity:HAS or LAS), alcohol chronic tolerance and behavioural dependencewere determined. Tolerance was assessed by calculating the intervalbetween the loss and regain of the righting reflex followingan acute administration of ethanol (4 g/kg body wt), after intoxicationby inhalation of ethanol vapour for 3 weeks. The impoetanceof behavioural dependence was estimated by measuring the ethanolintake in a free-choice situation water/ethanol (10% v/v), afterintoxication by inhalation for 4 weeks. The two HAS and LASlines did n show any behavioural dependence, while they developeda significant tolerance to the hypnotic effect of ethanol, whichwas more marked for the LAS line.     

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CYTOCHROME P-450 INDUCERS ON TESTOSTERONE METABOLISM AND SEVERAL MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITIES IN SPRAGUEDAWLEY (SpD), HIGH ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY (HAS) AND LOW ALCOHOL SENSITIVITY (LAS) RATS

Hydroxylation of testosterone (TST) has been shown to be regio-and stereo-specific for a number of cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes.Three rat lines [Sprague-Dawley (SpD), high alcohol sensitivity(HAS) and low alcohol sensitivity (LAS)] were tested for thisenzymatic specificity after treatment with phenobarbital, clofibrate,3-methylcholanthrene and pregnenolone-16-carbonitrile. Thesecompounds are known to induce cytochrome P-450 2B, 4A, 1A and3A1. respectively, in the rat. Induction efficiency was establishedby using the usual enzyme activities specific for these P-450s(pentoxyresorufin, lauric acid, ethoxyresorufin and nifedipineoxidase). Five mono hydroxylated TST metabolites were separatedusing a sensitive HPLC procedure. The hydroxylation of TST wasfound to be significantly different between the lines even inthe uninduced state. The formation of the metabolites of TST,hydroxylated on 2 or 7 or 16 positions and oxidated on carbon17 (4), was found to be significantly increased in SpD ratswhen compared with the HAS-LAS lines (P < 0.0001 in eachcase). When the HAS-LAS lines were compared, the quantity of2 and 16 hydroxylated metabolites was found to be significantlylower in LAS rats (P < 0.05). These differences persisted,although in the opposite direction, after 3-methylcholanthrene(P < 0.01 for both 2 and 16) and phenobarbital induction(P < 0.01 for 2). In conclusion, large differences in TSThydroxylation were found between the SpD and HAS-LAS rats whilemore subtle differences were found between the more closelyrelated HAS-LAS lines especially after phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthreneadministration as confirmed by our enzyme activity results.The above differences in steroid metabolism between HAS andLAS rats may help to explain their contrasting sensitivitiesto alcohol.     

模拟高原梭曼中毒肺损伤的酶学分析

用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠模拟高原４０００ｍ梭曼中毒，于不同时间收集支气管灌洗液进行分析。高原梭曼中毒后ＢＡＬＦ中乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶活性以及ＢＡＬＦ中细胞数及蛋白质含量，均高于平原中毒组和高原对照组。     

VITAMIN A AT PHARMACOLOGIC DOSES AMELIORATES THE MEMBRANE LIPID PEROXIDATION INJURY AND TESTICULAR ATROPHY THAT OCCURS WITH CHRONIC ALCOHOL FEEDING IN RATS

The interaction of ethanol (ETOH) with testicular subcellularmembranes contributes, at least in part, to alcohol-inducedgonadal dysfunction. Vitamin A reaches the testes via the circulationas the retinyl ester and is converted to the free alcohol (retinol)and then to the aldehyde (retinal); retinal is the form of thevitamin which is essential for normal spermato-genesis. Becauseretinol can function as a free radical scavenger, testicularmitochondria were evaluated for evidence of a protective roleprovided by supplemental dietary vitamin A on ETOH-induced alterationsin testicular structure and function in rats. Lipid peroxidationwas evaluated by measurement of malonaldehyde formation andglutathione content of the testes. Compared to isocaloricallymatched dextrimaltose-fed controls (ISO) receiving a modifiedvitamin A containing diet, rats fed the corresponding ETOH dietfor 50 days had a reduced testes/body ratio (ETOH: 0.0114±0.0004vs ISO: 0.0128 ±0.0004). Mitochondrial enriched extractsobtained from the testes of these ETOH-fed rats showed significantincreases in malonaldehyde formation; moreover, gluthathionelevels were reduced in the testes of the alcohol-fed animalswhen compared to their isocaloric controls. In contrast, noevidence for testicular atrophy was present in ETOH-fed ratsreceiving a standard vitamin A enriched diet; moreover, suchETOH-fed rats had a reduced rate of malonaldehyde formationas compared to their respective controls. Similarly, glutathionelevels were not depleted in the testes of the ETOH-fed ratsreceiving the vitamin A enriched diet. Taken together, thesedata suggest that lipid peroxidation is a consequence of ethanolmetabolism which can be attenuated, at least in part, by vitaminA.     

EFFECT OF CHRONIC ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION AND ABSTINENCE ON SERUM THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN RATS WITH HIGH AND LOW ETHANOL INTAKE

Serum anterior pituitary hormone levels of genetically selectedAA and ANA rats of Wistar origin as well as those of experimentallyselected heavy drinkers (HD) and light drinkers (LD) among normalWistar rats were studied. AA and HD rats consumed high doseswhile ANA and LD rats preferred low doses of ethanol. Serumthyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin and growth hormone(GH) concentrations were measured by specific radio-immunoassaysbefore chronic ethanol administration, during physical dependenceand on subsequent withdrawal. Basal TSH levels and TSH responsesto cold were as a rule decreased in the course of ethanol intakeand abstinence, whereas the TRH-induced TSH elevation becamemore consistent than before ethanol. There was no differencein basal prolactin levels between ethanol preferring and non-preferringrats at abstinence, whereas 30 min cold-exposure seemed to decreasethem in HD and LD rats. The high prolactin levels before ethanoland during physical dependence appear to be caused by stressfactors involved in the blood collecting procedure. GH levelswere not significantly different in ANA, AA, LD and HD ratsand neither ethanol intake nor subsequent withdrawal consistentlymodified GH levels. It is concluded that the observed minoralterations in the levels of anterior pituitary hormones hardlyplay any significant role in the development of alcohol dependence.     

白藜芦醇对PM_(2.5)致大鼠心血管损伤的保护作用

目的探究探究白藜芦醇(Res)对PM_(2.5)急性染毒引起的心血管氧化应激损伤和炎性损伤的保护作用。方法 64只SD大鼠,雌、雄各半,随机分成溶剂对照、Res对照、低、中、高剂量PM_(2.5)和Res+低、中、高剂量PM_(2.5)共8组,每组8只。Res+PM_(2.5)组先Res ig 28d,再进行气管滴注(同时ig Res)隔日1次,共4次。末次染毒24h后,10%水合氯醛(TCA)麻醉后,取血,摘取心脏,测定心脏病理切片及氧化指标,分析血脂水平及心脏组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果末次染毒后的各组大鼠体质量差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),与溶剂对照组比,各剂量PM_(2.5)组的大鼠心脏组织匀浆的GSH、GSH-Px和T-SOD均下降,MDA升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);与PM_(2.5)组对比,Res各组大鼠心脏组织匀浆的GSH、GSH-Px和T-SOD均升高,MDA下降差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);中、高剂量的PM_(2.5)组的心脏脏器系数较溶剂对照组和Res+各剂量PM_(2.5)组增大明显(P0.05),各组大鼠血脂水平差异无统计学意义。结论急性气管滴注PM_(2.5)可引起大鼠心血管出现病理炎性损伤以及氧化应激等指标改变,Res对PM_(2.5)引起心血管损伤具有保护作用。[营养学报,2019,41(4):393-397]     

慢性铝中毒合并长期去卵巢对大鼠血清AGEs水平的影响

目的：探讨雌激素缺乏及合并慢性铝中毒对大鼠血清高级糖化物终末产物（AGEs）水平的影响。方法：将48只10月龄雌性大鼠随机分为4组：假手术组、卵巢切除组、卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒组、卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒和尼尔雌醇干预组。用切除双侧卵巢制造大鼠雌激素缺乏，用口服含AlCl3饲料制造慢性铝中毒。6个月后股动脉取血，测定血清AGEs和雌二醇（E2）含量，前者用荧光分光光度法测定，后者用放射免疫分析法测定。结果：和假手术组相比，长期卵巢切除后血清E2含量降低、血清AGEs含量升高（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）；和卵巢切除组相比，卵巢切除合并铝中毒后E2含量升高（经换算后仍呈现负值）、血清AGEs含量降低（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）：卵巢切除合并慢性铝中毒和尼尔雌醇干预组E2和AGEs都恢复到假手术组水平。结论：去卵巢后血清E2含量降低、血清AGEs含量升高，慢性铝中毒可以拮抗去卵巢大鼠血清AGEs含量升高和血清E2含量降低。     

母鼠体内^147Pm（钷）经胎盘和乳汁向仔鼠的转移

本文报道了~(147)Pm经胎盘和乳汁向仔鼠转移的实验研究。结果表明,经胎盘转移到胎鼠体内的~147Pm随孕期而增多,经乳汁转移到乳鼠的~147Pm与哺乳时间无明显相关。值得注意的是,与母鼠相比,在胎鼠及乳鼠的脑组织中~147Pm的滞留份数大大增加。     

青海省2000～2009年急性驰缓性麻痹病例与健康人群病原学监测

[目的]分析开展急性驰缓性麻痹(AFP)病例、健康人群粪便标本病原学监测结果,为保持无脊灰状态提供实验室依据。[方法]病毒分离及鉴定,脊灰病毒株型内鉴别,确定疫苗株或野病毒株。[结果]青海省2000～2009年AFP病例、健康人群粪便标本1613份,分离出脊髓灰质炎病毒22株,分离率为1.36%,其中脊灰I型疫苗株3株,脊灰II型疫苗株2株,脊灰III型疫苗株9株,脊灰混合型疫苗株8株,无脊灰野病毒株。分离到非脊灰肠道病毒(NPEV)187株,分离率为11.59%。[结论]该省2000～2009年无本地脊灰野毒株病例流行,阻断了脊灰本地野病毒的传播,保持了无脊灰状态。     

山东省6县乡传染性非典型肺炎应急反应调查

目的：调查山东省6县、乡等基层单位、地区对非典应急反应的速度和能力，为完善山东省省、市、县、乡四级应急反应体系，为制定突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法：印制统一的调查表，对县乡政府、当地定点医院及疾病预防控制中心（防疫站）抗击非典型肺炎应急反应期间的人力、物力和财力等情况进行调查。结果：6县（市）公共卫生经费占卫生事业总经费的10．90％，而卫生事业经费又占财政总投入的0．57％～5．00％。非典时期6县（市）政府投入经费为2760万元公共卫生投人为977．8万元，占35．43％，大部分为自筹资金。各县（市）乡医院都成立了发热门诊和隔离病房，疾控中心都成立了抗击非典专业队伍，并在较短时问内赶赴现场。结论：6县（市）乡政府和疾控中心（防疫站）都有一定的应急反应能力，但对公共卫生资金的投入无论在平时和非典流行期间都显不足。     

地塞米松对Wistar大鼠涎腺基因表达的影响

目的：观察腺病毒介导荧光素酶基因转导至大鼠颌下腺后地塞米松对基因表达的影响及IgG的变化.方法：将40只Wistar大鼠随机分为5组,经颌下腺导管转导腺病毒荧光素酶基因重组体即AdCMVLuc,3 d、1周、2周、4周、8周后观察肌注地塞米松对基因表达的影响.结果颌下腺转基因表达3 d最高,在注射地塞米松组明显大于未注射地塞米松组;以后逐渐下降,至4周、8周时仍可测到基因表达,但两组无明显差异.结论：肌注地塞米松能有效地减轻腺体的急性炎症反应,增加腺病毒介导涎腺短期基因表达,说明免疫及炎症反应直接影响转导基因的表达.     

AMI患者血浆NT-proBNP前体水平与梗死部位的关系及比索洛尔的干预效应

[目的]观察不同梗死部位的急性心肌梗死患者血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平及早期使用比索洛尔干预的影响。[方法]98例急性心肌梗死患者根据心电图改变特点分为下、后壁梗死组(A组,n=22),前侧壁梗死组(B组,n=24),前间壁梗死组(C组,n=20),广泛前壁梗死组(D组,n=24);以年龄相当的23例非冠心病患者作为对照组,入院后测定各组血浆NT-proBNP,将梗死患者随机分为常规治疗组(n=48)和加用比索洛尔组(n=50),分别于治疗1周和1月时再次测定其血浆NT-proBNP。[结果]急性心肌梗死患者血浆NT-proBNP水平D组﹥B组﹥C组﹥A组﹥对照组(分别P﹤0.05),急性心肌梗死患者治疗1周后及治疗1月后血浆NT-proBNP与治疗前比较均显著下降(分别P﹤0.05),两组间比较均有显著性差别,比索洛尔治疗组NT-proBNP下降明显。[结论]急性心肌梗死患者血浆NT-proBNP水平均明显升高并与梗死部位有关,广泛前壁心肌梗死患者血浆NT-proBNP明显升高,下后壁心肌梗死患者血浆NT-proBNP升高最低;早期使用比索洛尔有效可降低急性心肌梗死患者血浆NT-proBNP水平。