78例首发精神分裂症患者细胞因子的研究

目的探讨细胞因子在精神分裂症病理、生理机制中的作用。方法采用放射免疫法对78例首发精神分裂症患者和35名正常人的血浆白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）、α-肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）进行检测,同时用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定精神分裂症患者精神症状。结果精神分裂症患者血浆IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNFα水平均显著高于正常对照组,IL-2显著低于正常对照组。结论提示精神分裂症患者的免疫功能处于亢进状态,细胞因子与精神病理之间有着一定关系。     

首发精神分裂症患者细胞因子的研究

目的：探讨细胞因子在精神分裂症病理生理机制中的作用。方法：44例首发精神分裂症患者和30例正常人,采用放射免疫法对血浆白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素2（IL－2）、白细胞介素6（IL－6）、白细胞介素8（IL－8）、α－肿瘤坏死因子（TNFα）进行检测,同时用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定精神分裂症患者精神症状。结果：精神分裂症患者血浆IL－1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-8和TNFα水平均显著高于正常对照组;男性患者IL－6水平显著高于女性患者。IL-2 P因子分显著负相关,IL－8和TNFα与N因子分显著正相关。结论：提示精神分裂症患者的免疫功能处于亢进状态,细胞因子与精神病理之间有着一定关系。     

抑郁症昼夜节律变化与免疫功能的关系

目的:探讨抑郁症昼夜节律的特征与细胞因子浓度的关系. 方法:对符合美国精神障碍诊断和统计手册第4版重性抑郁发作诊断标准的49例患者(抑郁症组)和38名健康人(对照组),采用酶联免疫吸附法测定其早7:00和晚7:00血浆白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的浓度,比较各指标早、晚浓度及早晚差值在抑郁症组中有晨重夕轻、无晨重夕轻和对照组之间的差异. 结果:抑郁症组中不论有、无晨重夕轻,其早晨IL-1β浓度及TNF浓度均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05或P<0.01));晚间IL-6浓度均较对照组显著增高(P均<0.05),IL-2浓度较对照组显著降低(P均<0.01);IL-6浓度早晚差值均较对照组显著增大(P均<0.05).结论:抑郁症患者在晚间存在广泛的免疫激活,血浆IL-6的昼夜节律较对照组有异常改变.     

抑郁症的生化病理机制探讨

目的：从神经递质与神经内分泌角度探讨抑郁症的生化病理机制。方法：采用高效液相色谱法及放射免疫测定法，分别测定15例抑郁症患者和27例正常对照者血小板5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量及血浆催乳素（PRL）含量，地塞米松抑制实验（DST）皮质醇含量。结果：抑郁症组血小板5-HT水平低于正常对照组，血浆基础皮质醇及服地塞米松后皮质醇均高于正常对照组，DST阳性率高于正常对照组。结论：抑郁症患者存在神经递质和神经内分泌功能的紊乱，抑制症的5-HT能假说能解释其某些内分泌功能紊乱。     

广泛性焦虑症与抑郁症患者免疫、内分泌及单胺递质的对照研究

目的探讨广泛性焦虑症(GAD)与抑郁症(MD)患者在免疫、内分泌和单胺递质方面的差异。方法 对30例GAD患者(焦虑症组)、38例MD患者(抑郁症组)在治疗(5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗6~8周)前后分别检测血清白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)、可溶性白细胞介素6受体(SIL-6R)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、皮质醇(CS)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、肾上腺素(EPH)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平。选择30名年龄和性别与患者组相匹配的健康人为对照组。结果 (1)焦虑症组治疗前IL-8[(122±76)ng／L]、SIL-6R[(2 065±790)ng／L]水平均高于对照组(99±68)ng／L]、[(294±48)ng／L,IL-6水平为(1.6±0.7)ng／L,低于对照组[(5.3±2.7)ng／L],差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);抑郁症组治疗前IL-2[(7.7±6.7)ng／L]、IL-8[(119±67)ng／L]、SIL-6R[(1308±371)ng／L]水平均高于对照组,差异均有显著性意义(均P<0.05)。经治疗后,焦虑症组IL-6[(4.3±1.2)ng／L]水平较治疗前升高,IL-8[(39±9)ng／L]水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05);抑郁症组IL-2[(2.4±1.2)ng／L]、IL-8[(47±15)ng／L]水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05);均接近于对照组水平(均P>0.05)。(2)焦虑症组治疗前ACIH[(49±28)ng／L]、EPH[(67±45)ng／     

焦虑症患者血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平分析

目的研究白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)在焦虑症患者血清变化及意义。方法选取2017年11月～2018年11月我院收治的42例慢性焦虑症患者和42例抑郁症患者分别作为焦虑组和抑郁组,选择同期42例健康体检者作为健康组。患者均采用选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂连续治疗8周。比较治疗前后两组患者和对照组的血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平。结果焦虑组患者IL-6水平显著低于健康组和抑郁组(P0.05);抑郁组患者IL-6水平与健康组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。焦虑组和抑郁组患者IL-10水平均显著高于健康组(P0.05);焦虑组患者IL-10水平与抑郁组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平均有显著改善(P0.05),两组患者IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10水平无明显差异(P0.05)。结论焦虑症和抑郁症与健康者可能具有不同免疫机制,可通过血清IL-10和IL-6来鉴别。     

抑郁症患者血细胞介素2、6对照研究

目的：探讨抑郁症与细胞免疫的相关性。方法;采用酶联免疫吸附法,检测40例抑郁症患者抗郁剂治疗前后血浆中白细胞介素－2（IL－2）、白细胞介素－6（IL－6）的水平,以20名健康人作为对照组。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定抑郁症患者的临床症状。结果：抑郁症组治疗前血浆中IL－2和IL－6显著高于对照组。经4周抗抑郁剂治疗后,抑郁症组HAMD总分,血浆中IL－2与IL－6均明显低于治疗前;IL－2、IL－6略低于对照组。结论：抑郁症可能伴有免疫系统激活和炎性反应,并且与疾病的严重程度有关。抗抑郁治疗可能抑制单核细胞分泌IL－2、IL－6的能力。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者血浆相关细胞因子的对照研究

目的：探讨首发Ⅰ型(以阳性症状为主)、Ⅱ型(以阴性症状为主)精神分裂症患者血浆白细胞介素6(IL-6)、可溶性白细胞介素6受体(sIL-6R)及白细胞介素13(IL-13)水平的变化。方法：精神分裂症患者30例，其中Ⅰ型组17例，Ⅱ型组10例，混合型3例；健康对照者28名。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELSLA)对血浆IL-6、sIL-6R及IL-13水平进行检测。结果：精神分裂症患者血浆IL-6及sIL-6R水平均显著高于对照组，而血浆IL-13水平显著低于对照组；Ⅱ型组患者的IL-6及sIL-6R水平均比Ⅰ型组高，其中Ⅱ型组患者IL-6显著高于Ⅰ型组，Ⅱ型组患者血浆IL-13水平显著低于Ⅰ型组；未发现患者组及对照组血浆IL-6、sIL-6R及IL-13之间的相关性。结论：Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者均存在IL-6、IL-13水平异常，血浆IL-6水平升高、IL-13水平降低可能是Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者的特征性免疫学指标之一。     

首发精神分裂症和首发抑郁症患者血浆白细胞介素及其可溶性受体的对照研究

目的 在细胞因子水平探讨精神分裂症和抑郁症病理机制的异同.方法 首发精神分裂症和首发抑郁症患者各30例,分别单一接受利培酮(6 mg/d)、帕罗西汀(20 mg/d)治疗6周,治疗前后用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估精神分裂症患者,并用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评估抑郁症患者.用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定治疗前后患者组和30名正常对照的血浆白细胞介素2(IL-2)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(slL-2R)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、可溶性白细胞介素-6受体(sIL-6R)的浓度.结果 ①治疗前,2个患者组的血浆IL-2、sIL-2R、IL-6、sIL-6R均高于正常对照组(P<0.05);精神分裂症组血浆sIL-2R高于抑郁症组(P<0.05),而IL-2、IL-6、sIL-6R低于抑郁症组(P<0.05).②治疗后,精神分裂症组血浆IL-2、sIL-6R较治疗前下降(P<0.05),抑郁症组血浆IL-2、sIL-2R、IL-6、sIL-6R均较治疗前下降(P<0.05);精神分裂症组血浆sIL-2R高于抑郁症组(P<0.05).而IL-2、sIL-6R低于抑郁症组(P均小于0.05).③精神分裂症组治疗前后血浆IL-2变化率与PANSS总分减分率正相关(r=0.64,P<0.001);抑郁症组治疗前后血浆IL-2和IL-6的变化率均与HAMD总分减分率正相关(r=0.42,P:0.02;r=0.54,P=0.002).结论 精神分裂症和抑郁症细胞因子均存在异常,提示二者可能存在共同的病理机制,但细胞因子表达的差异可能与二者存在不同的生物学基础有关.     

氟哌噻吨美利曲辛与帕罗西汀联合用药治疗脑卒中后重性抑郁障碍的临床研究

目的观察氟哌噻吨美利曲辛与帕罗西汀联合治疗脑卒中后重性抑郁障碍的临床疗效及机制分析。方法使用随机分组法将100例脑卒中后重性抑郁障碍的患者随机分为对照组、观察组两组,每组50例。对照组给予盐酸帕罗西汀肠溶缓释片治疗(25 mg口服1次/d);观察组在对照组基础上给予氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗[20 mg(含氟哌噻吨0.5 mg、美利曲辛10 mg)口服,早上、中午各1次]。比较两组患者的疗效、药物不良反应,两组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HADM)评分、日常生活能力(ADL)评分、生活质量评定表(SS-QOL)分数以及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)及皮质醇(Cor)的水平。结果观察组临床治疗有效率高于对照组(90%vs.64%,P0.05);治疗后观察组NIHSS、HADM、SS-QOL评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),ADL评分明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、CRH、ACTH及Cor表达水平均明显低于治疗前(均P0.05),且治疗后观察组上述各指标水平低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗过程中均无严重不良反应发生。结论氟哌噻吨美利曲辛与帕罗西汀联合用药治疗脑卒中后重性抑郁障碍较为安全有效,其主要机制可能为通过下调相关神经免疫炎性指标的表达水平抑制了患者丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能亢进状态。     

抑郁症与神经症白细胞介素比较研究

目的：检测抑郁症、神经症患者血浆中白细胞介素2、6（IL－2、6）水平,探讨它们与细胞免疫的相关性及免疫反应的异同。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法测定40例抑郁症、30例强迫症、48例其它类型神经症患者血浆中IL－2、6水平,以20例正常人作为对照组。结果：抑郁症组、强迫症组、其它类型神经症组IL－2均显著高于正常对照组,抑郁症组IL－6显著高于正常对照组。强迫症组、其它类型神经症组均显著低于正常对照组。结论：抑郁症、神经症患者均存在免疫学方面的改变,但两者的免疫改变不同,提示IL－2、6检测可能有助于两者的鉴别。     

Beta endorphin concentrations in PBMC of patients with different clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis

The possible link between the opioid peptide beta endorphin and the heterogeneity of the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS) was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) concentrations of beta endorphin were measured in 50 patients in different phases of MS. Thirty nine patients also underwent post-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Among MS forms, the highest beta endorphin concentrations were found in PBMC from patients with relapsing remitting MS and the lowest in patients with the progressive forms. Average beta endorphin concentrations were lower, although not significantly, in patients with than in those without magnetic resonance imaging enhanced lesions. These data suggest that beta endorphin may have a role in the downregulation of the inflammatory process.     

The treatment of obesity by acupuncture

The present study is an investigation of the results of the studies on the effects of acupuncture application therapy on obesity. It has been reported that acupuncture application in obesity treatment is effective in procuring weight loss. It can affect appetite, intestinal motility, and metabolism, as well as emotional factors such as stress. Increases in neural activity in the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, in tone in the smooth muscle of the stomach and in levels of enkephalin, beta endorphin, and serotonin in plasma and brain tissue have also been observed with the application of acupuncture. It has been observed that acupuncture application to obese people increases excitability of the satiety center in the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. Acupuncture stimulates the auricular branch of the vagal nerve and raises serotonin levels. Both of these activities have been shown to increase tone in the smooth muscle of the stomach, thus suppressing appetite. Among other things, serotonin enhances intestinal motility. It also controls stress and depression via endorphin and dopamine production. In addition to these effects, it is thought that the increase in plasma levels of beta endorphin after acupuncture application can contribute to the body weight loss in obese people by mobilizing the body energy depots through lipolithic effect.     

A NEW EXTRA-VERTEBRAL TREATMENT MODEL FOR INCOMPLETE SPINAL CORD INJURIES

The present study is an investigation of the results of the studies on the effects of acupuncture application therapy on obesity. It has been reported that acupuncture application in obesity treatment is effective in procuring weight loss. It can affect appetite, intestinal motility, and metabolism, as well as emotional factors such as stress. Increases in neural activity in the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, in tone in the smooth muscle of the stomach and in levels of enkephalin, beta endorphin, and serotonin in plasma and brain tissue have also been observed with the application of acupuncture. It has been observed that acupuncture application to obese people increases excitability of the satiety center in the ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus. Acupuncture stimulates the auricular branch of the vagal nerve and raises serotonin levels. Both of these activities have been shown to increase tone in the smooth muscle of the stomach, thus suppressing appetite. Among other things, serotonin enhances intestinal motility. It also controls stress and depression via endorphin and dopamine production. In addition to these effects, it is thought that the increase in plasma levels of beta endorphin after acupuncture application can contribute to the body weight loss in obese people by mobilizing the body energy depots through lipolithic effect.     

抑郁症患者的甲状腺功能和细胞因子的研究

目的　探讨抑郁症患者甲状腺功能和细胞免疫功能异常的关系。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELSIA)检测 5 8例抑郁症和 30名健康对照的血清游离T3、T4、TSH、IL 2、sIL 2R、IL 10、IL 12水平。结果　抑郁症患者组和对照组间血清T3、T4、TSH、IL 2、sIL 2R、IL 10、IL 12水平无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;分型比较发现 ,双相组血清T3水平明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,T3水平与疾病的严重程度呈显著负相关关系 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;单相组IL 2水平明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,IL 2水平与T3呈显著负相关关系。结论　单、双相抑郁的病因和发病机制存在免疫或内分泌方面的异质性 ,双相抑郁存在甲状腺功能低下 ,单相抑郁存在由IL 2介导的免疫激活现象。     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病血浆单胺类神经递质研究

目的：探讨血浆单胺类神经递质与焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的关系。方法：使用高效液相－电化学检测法检测25例焦虑和抑郁障碍共病、30例抑郁症、20例焦虑症患者和21例正常人的血浆去甲肾上腺素（NE）和5－羟色胺（5－HT）浓度。结果：3组患者的血浆NE浓度均显著高于正常对照组,但共病组与抑郁症组和焦虑症组无明显差异;抑郁症组的血浆5－HT浓度显著低于正常对照组,共病组和焦虑症组的血浆5－HT浓度与正常对照组无显著差异,3组患者之间血浆5－HT浓度也无显著差异。结论：血浆单胺类神经递质不能鉴别抑郁症和焦虑症,也不支持焦虑和抑郁障碍共病是第3种疾病的观点。     

Levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and leptin and their correlation in depression

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between leptin and cytokines in depressed patients. METHODS: Thirty-three unmedicated patients (24 female, nine male) with depressive disorder and 23 healthy controls (16 female, seven male) were assessed for serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and leptin. RESULTS: Levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in depressed patients were higher than in normal controls. There were significantly lower leptin levels in depressed patients than in normal controls. There were also significant differences in the leptin levels, being higher in female than in male patients, and in female than in male controls. CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokines and leptin are important in the psychoimmunology of depressed patients. There were gender differences in leptin levels in depression.     

Interleukin-1 beta and beta-endorphin circadian rhythms are inversely related in normal and stress-altered sleep.

Normal sleep is associated to physiological nocturnal rises in Interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta) secretion. The 24 h pattern of IL 1 beta, beta-Endorphin (beta-EPH), ACTH and cortisol (F) production was evaluated in four male healthy volunteers. Two subjects were unable to sleep, due to the stress of the experiment; in these cases, no detectable plasma IL 1 beta secretion, both diurnal and nocturnal, was present, beta-EPH plasma levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than in the subjects who slept regularly and, in one case, increased F plasma levels were also reported. A strong negative correlation between IL 1 beta and beta-EPH plasma levels was present in all the cases. In conclusion, stress-induced sleep alterations might deeply affect both diurnal and nocturnal IL 1 beta plasma secretion, probably due to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activation, and beta-EPH might be the reliable marker of the stress-induced HPAA activation level.     

The mechanism of acupuncture and clinical applications

This study presents the result of the studies explaining the effects of acupuncture on various systems and symptoms. It has been determined that endomorphin-1, beta endorphin, encephalin, and serotonin levels increase in plasma and brain tissue through acupuncture application. It has been observed that the increases of endomorphin-1, beta endorphin, encephalin, serotonin, and dopamine cause analgesia, sedation, and recovery in motor functions. They also have immunomodulator effects on the immune system and lipolithic effects on metabolism. Because of these effects, acupuncture is used in the treatment of pain syndrome illnesses such as migraine, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and trigeminal neuralgia; of gastrointestinal disorders such as disturbance at gastrointestinal motility and gastritis; of psychological illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and panic attack; and in rehabilitation from hemiplegia and obesity.     

THE MECHANISM OF ACUPUNCTURE AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

This study presents the result of the studies explaining the effects of acupuncture on various systems and symptoms. It has been determined that endomorphin-1, beta endorphin, encephalin, and serotonin levels increase in plasma and brain tissue through acupuncture application. It has been observed that the increases of endomorphin-1, beta endorphin, encephalin, serotonin, and dopamine cause analgesia, sedation, and recovery in motor functions. They also have immunomodulator effects on the immune system and lipolitic effects on metabolism. Because of these effects, acupuncture is used in the treatment of pain syndrome illnesses such as migraine, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, and trigeminal neuralgia; of gastrointestinal disorders such as disturbance at gastrointestinal motility and gastritis; of psychological illnesses such as depression, anxiety, and panic attack; and in rehabilitation from hemiplegia and obesity.