大连市2004年从业人员乙肝病毒感染现况调查

我国是乙肝病毒感染的高发流行区,根据1992～1995年全国乙型肝炎的血清流行病学调查,按一般人群中乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）携带率约10%推算,全国约有1.2亿人携带乙肝病毒.HBsAg、HBeAg阳性者作为乙肝传染源,具有很强的传染性,对乙肝易感者的健康安全和行业安全构成严重威胁,为了解2004年大连市从业人员HBsAg、HBeAg感染状况,保护未感染的人群,降低其发病率,为其防控提供依据,将大连市从业人员健康体检的结果进行分析.     

奉化市人群乙肝病毒感染血清流行病学调查

乙型病毒性肝炎（以下简称乙肝）在我国广泛流行，严重危害人民健康。1992-1995年全国病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查显示，我国人群乙肝病毒感染率为57．6％，乙肝病毒携带率为9．8％，据此推算全国有6．9亿人曾感染过乙肝病毒，其中1．2亿人长期携带乙肝病毒。在我国的法定传染病报告中，乙肝的发病数和发病率一直位居前列。为了解我市不同年龄人群HBsAg携带率和HBV感染率，根据第三次全国人群乙肝等有关疾病血清调查的要求，我市对西坞和松岙2个镇2个村不同年龄组的人群进行乙肝血清流行病学调查，现将结果报告如下。     

衡阳市居民乙型病毒性肝炎HBsAg携带率及抗-HBs流行率调查

目的了解并评价衡阳市居民乙肝病毒表面抗原（hepatitisBsurfaceantigens,HBsAg）携带率和抗体流行情况。方法于2012年6～7月采用多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取石鼓区、常宁市2个县（市区）7个乡7个村1044名1—59岁人群,进行问卷调查和血标本采集,由湖南省疾病预防控制中心统一检测HBsAg、乙型肝炎表面抗体（抗．HBs）2项指标。结果衡阳市居民乙肝HBsAg携带率为6．13％,10岁以下儿童已降至1．21％,HBsAg携带率随着年龄的增加而增长,农民HBsAg携带率高于其它职业人群。不同性别、地区、文化程度人群间无差异。衡阳市居民乙肝抗一HBs阳性率为54．21％,不同性别、年龄、地区、职业、文化程度人群间均无差异。结论衡阳市乙肝防治已达到卫生部〈〈2006—2010年全国乙型病毒性肝炎防治规划》中提出的总体目标,但乙肝防治任务依然艰巨,仍需加强新生儿乙肝疫苗接种策略,做好围产期母婴阻断;进一步加强成人健康教育与健康促进,提倡知情自愿自费接种乙肝疫苗。     

预防乙肝的法宝——乙肝基因工程疫苗

乙型肝炎是由乙肝病毒(HBV)引起的一种严重危害人类生命和健康的传染病。据调查,全球有20多亿人感染过乙肝病毒,其中有3亿人长期携带乙肝病毒。我国是乙肝高发区,通过对70万人的抽样调查,人群乙肝病毒感染率为45～60％,即至少有6亿人已感染过乙肝,乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率为7～12％,即约有1.2亿人携带乙肝病毒,其中1/3最终可能发展为慢性肝病,包括肝硬化和肝癌。我国现有慢性肝炎患者约     

哈密市铁路辖区2004-2009年食品及公共场所从业人员HBsAg携带率调查分析

目的 了解哈密市铁路辖区食品、公共场所从业人员乙肝病毒携带状况,为制订防治对策提供科学依据.方法 使用胶体金试纸条标准方法对受检者进行血清HBsAg检测.结果 6年累计体检7 879人,共检出HBsAg阳性者103人,携带率为1.31%,明显低于2006年全国人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果15～59岁人群HBsAg携带...     

农村居民HBsAg及抗-HBs检测结果

乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)是严重危害人体健康的传染病之一,我国1992年病毒性肝炎流行病学调查,全国人群乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率为9.8%,显示我国为乙肝病毒高流行地区。为了解丽水市农村居民乙肝病毒感染情况,对农村居民检测HBsAg和抗-HBs,现将结果报告如下。     

辽宁某高校2000—2010年新生HBV感染状况分析

<正>乙型肝炎是由乙肝病毒(HBV)引起的传染病,我国是乙型肝炎病毒感染的高发区[1]。1992年卫生部颁布了《全国乙肝疫苗免疫实施方案》,将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫管理。卫生部2008年公布的全国人群乙肝血清流行病学调查结果显示,我国15~59岁人群乙肝HBsAg携带率已降至8.57%[2]。为了解辽宁某高校2000—2010年新生HBV感染情况,笔者在入学新生体检时进行了肝功能和乙肝五项测定。现将结果报道如下。1对象与方法     

乙型肝炎病毒多表位疫苗的研究进展及现有的常用表位

我国是乙型肝炎高流行地区。2008年卫生部公布的最新全国人群乙肝等有关疾病血清流行病学调查结果显示,全国乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率平均为7·18%,全国仍约有9 300万人为无症状乙肝病毒携带者,每年发病患者数在百万以上。除因乙肝病毒感染导致慢性活动性肝炎肝硬化等而引     

长沙市2007-2008年食品及公共场所从业人员乙肝表面抗原携带率分析

目的 了解长沙市食品及公共场所从业人员乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带情况,为该市乙肝防控提供依据.方法 对2007-2008年长沙市从业人员健康体检资料进行统计分析. 结果 2007-2008年从业人员HBsAg阳性率分别为3.80%、3.27%,HBsAg阳性率男性为4,31%,女性为2.78%,性别差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);不同年龄组中31～40岁年龄段为最高3.82%,51～岁以上为2.52%;2007-2008年二年HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001). 结论长沙市食品及公共场所从业人员乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,反映在加强乙肝项防的健康教育、从业人员健康体检率提高、对易感人群进行乙肝疫茁接种所取得的成效,但保持人群低水平乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率仍需要加强乙肝预防的健康教育,提高乙肝疫苗接种率等干预措施.     

服务行业从业人员乙肝病毒感染检测结果分析

目的：了解我市服务行业从业人员乙肝病毒感染携带情况，为控制传播及卫生监督提供依据。方法：通过检测食品及公共场所的从业人员血清HBsAg与HBeAg，分析从业人员中HBsAg与HBeAg阳性率。结果：HBsAg阳性率为8．11％，其中食品行业为7，05％，公共场所为9．52％，男性HBsAg、HBeAg略高于女性，并随着年龄增长HBsAg与HBeAg而下降。结论：应加强从业人员乙肝的预防和管理，并做好岗前健康体检。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.