Urachal carcinoma

Urachal carcinoma is a rare tumor that often does not manifest clinically until late in its course. Several radiographic features are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis preoperatively. We present a case of urachal carcinoma in which preoperative evaluation included magnetic resonance imaging. This technique was helpful not only in suggesting the diagnosis preoperatively, but also, and more importantly, in the preoperative staging of the neoplasm.     

多层螺旋CT对胃癌的诊断及T分期价值探讨

目的:评价多层螺旋CT平扫及三期增强扫描在胃癌诊断和T分期中的价值,探讨胃癌的CT征象与其手术病理结果的关系。方法:搜集90例经胃镜证实为胃癌的患者资料,均于术前1周内行多层螺旋CT检查,并将检查结果与术后病理结果对照分析。结果:MSCT能够显示粘膜和粘膜下层、肌层、浆膜层的侵犯程度,判断浆膜层受侵的准确率为73%。对胃癌T1期、T2期、T3期、T4期的准确率分别为33.3%、42.9%、66.7%、85.2%,T分期总体准确率为62.2%。结论:MSCT常规平扫加三期增强扫描及多种图像处理技术,能够准确地对胃癌作出诊断,并提高T分期的准确性,是胃癌术前分期的可靠方法,有利于临床制订合理的手术方式和治疗方案。     

Cholangiopancreatography and pancreatic cytology in carcinoma of the pancreas.

Twenty-three histologically proved cases of carcinoma of the pancreas were investigated preoperatively with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and cytologic examination of pure pancreatic juice collected after secretin stimulation. In 12 cases in which radiology was highly suggestive of carcinoma, cytology confirmed the result in seven. When radiologic findings were equivocal, cytology was helpful in two of six cases. Cytology was most helpful in the patients in whom no diagnosis could be reached radiologically due to tumor invasion of the structures adjacent to the papilla. Malignant cells were found in all cases.     

Needle aspiration biopsy in cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

The records of 11 patients with cystic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid who had undergone preoperative sonography and fine-needle aspiration biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. The lesions varied from 1.5 to 5 cm in diameter. In only six (55%) of the 11 patients was the correct diagnosis made preoperatively. In the other 45%, the lesion was initially misdiagnosed as a benign or hemorrhagic cyst. These data indicate that needle aspiration often yields false-negative results in patients with cystic papillary carcinoma. All patients diagnosed on sonography and fine-needle aspiration as having benign cysts should have continued clinical follow-up. If lesions do not disappear either clinically or by sonography, a more aggressive approach should be taken.     

Angiomyolipoma (hamartoma) of the kidney: A preoperative diagnosis is possible in virtually every case

The preoperative diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma should be made in virtually every case because of characteristic clinical and radiologic findings. The clinical, sonographic, computed tomographic, and angiographic findings in 28 patients with this lesion are reviewed. The sonographic findings of increased echogenicity in a renal mass can be helpful in suggesting the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma, and the detection of fat in the renal tumor by CT is diagnostic. It is important to make a preoperative diagnosis of this lesion so that the correct treatment approach will be instituted.     

肾癌功能成像研究进展

肾细胞癌是最常见的肾脏原发恶性肿瘤,影像检查是其主要诊断手段,近年来功能成像作用显著。功能成像从形态和功能变化两个层面对疾病的发生、发展和预后进行评估和监测,有助于肿瘤的早期检出、诊断及治疗效果与预后的评估。就国内外功能成像对肾癌的研究进展进行综述,介绍CT、MRI、核医学及超声各种功能医学成像技术在肾癌诊断与术前评估中的临床应用价值,对比各种功能成像方法的优势与不足。     

A case of fallopian tube carcinoma: successful preoperative diagnosis with MR imaging.

We report a case of fallopian tube carcinoma, successfully diagnosed preoperatively. The patient was a 64-year-old woman. Transvaginal sonography and computed tomography showed a cystic and solid tumor on the left side of the uterus, suggesting ovarian cancer. The tumor was, however, suspected to be a fallopian tube carcinoma on MR imaging. MR images showed a solid mass surrounded by a tube-shaped cystic part. At surgery, a solid and cystic tumor was found in the left fallopian tube. MR imaging may be useful to assist in the diagnosis of fallopian tube carcinoma.     

肾盂输尿管移行细胞癌的螺旋CT诊断

目的 评价螺旋CT扫描及三维重建技术对肾盂输尿管移行细胞癌的诊断与鉴别诊断以及临床意义。资料与方法 对27例经临床证实的肾盂输尿管移行细胞癌CT表现、特点进行回顾性分析,所有病例均常规进行平扫,肾皮质期、实质期及排泄期增强扫描,并进行多平面重建（MPR）、曲面重建（CMPR）及容积重建（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）和仿真内镜（VE）等重组及三维重建。结果 术前CT对25例肾盂输尿管移行上皮癌做出正确诊断。诊断准确率92．59％,对肿瘤分期准确率84％。三维重建有助于明确病变范围、肿块与周围组织的关系,使得病灶形态显示更为全面和直观。结论 螺旋CT扫描及三维重建对于肾盂输尿管移行上皮癌的诊断、鉴别诊断和肿瘤分期有较高的准确性,可为临床制订治疗方案提供依据。     

Can microvessel invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma be predicted by pre-operative MRI?

Microvessel invasion is a major prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that influences the suitability of surgery, but rarely can be evaluated preoperatively. This study was performed to identify preoperative MRI findings that reflect histopathological microvessel invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced four-arterial phase dynamic study and hepatobiliary phase images of preoperative MRI of 70 HCC lesions were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor size (cm), peritumoral enhancement, tumor margins, and radiological capsule were analyzed as radiological parameters reflecting microvessel invasion and were compared with histopathological references. The chi-square test and the independent t-test were used for univariate analysis, and a logistic regression analysis was performed for multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, tumor size (p = 0.030), peritumoral enhancement (p < 0.001), and tumor margins (p = 0.007) were associated with microvessel tumor invasion. However, in multivariate analysis irregular circumferential peritumoral enhancement only showed statistical significance (odds ratio 13.0), suggesting a high probability of microvessel invasion of HCC. Irregular circumferential peritumoral enhancement on contrast-enhanced multi-arterial phase dynamic MRI could be a preoperative surrogate marker for microvessel tumor invasion.     

48例创伤性膈肌破裂的诊治体会

目的　探讨创伤性膈肌破裂的诊断与治疗。方法　对我院 1976年 6月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月收治的创伤性膈肌破裂病人进行了回顾性分析。结果　本组病人的临床表现复杂 ,大多数缺乏特征性征象。 4 8例中术前明确诊断的仅 2 0例 ,确诊率 4 1.7%。全组死亡 2例 ,死亡率 4 .2 %。结论　创伤性膈肌破裂多数为左侧 ,主要损伤机制是刃器伤和钝性伤。根据症状、体征 ,结合胸部X线、上消化道造影、CT、人工气腹等检查 ,能提高诊断率 ;膈肌破裂一经确诊 ,应手术治疗 ;根据胸、腹脏器损伤的情况 ,选用手术切口     

Preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. I. The effect of irradiation on the tumor volume

We studied an effect of preoperative radiation upon the change of tumor volume in rectal carcinoma. As a preliminary study, tumor volume of 15 cases of rectal carcinoma with no preoperative irradiation was estimated preoperatively using the transrectal ultrasonography, and were compared with those determined by resected specimens after operation. As a result, there was a parallel relationship between the two values, and mean estimation error rate was 14.6%. Next, the same method was applied to 15 patients with rectal carcinoma who underwent preoperative radiation in order to detect the reduction rate of tumor volume after radiation therapy (42.6 Gy). As a consequence, 80% of cases exhibited the reduction rate more than 50% with an average of 61.7%. It was suggested that the determination of pre- and postoperative tumor volume would be beneficial to evaluation of preoperative radiation therapy as well as decision of the optimal dose of radiation in rectal carcinoma.     

螺旋CT在直肠癌诊断及其术前分期中的价值

目的：探讨直肠癌的CT表现及其术前分期价值。方法：对33例经内镜或手术活检病理证实为直肠癌的患者进行CT回顾性阅片，分析其CT征象并进行术前分期．并将CT表现与病理结果进行对照。结果：直肠癌CT表现为肠壁增厚、肠腔狭窄、软组织肿块及周围组织结构侵犯、区域淋巴结肿大和远处转移。直肠癌术前CT分期诊断和病理分期的总符合率为92％。结论：直肠癌的CT征象具有一定的特征性，CT在直肠癌术前分期中具有较高的准确性，对治疗方案的确定具有重要参考价值。     

Accuracy of diagnostic imaging in nephroblastoma before preoperative chemotherapy

The main strategy in the treatment of nephroblastoma, as described in protocol SIOP 9/GPO, is preoperative chemotherapy for patients between 6 months and 16 years of age. Before treatment the diagnosis is made only by diagnostic imaging without biopsy. From July 1988 to February 1991, 130 children with the tentative diagnosis of nephroblastoma were treated preoperatively. The initial diagnostic images (excretory urography, ultrasound, CT, MRI) have been analysed both prospectively and retrosperatively and the findings correlated with the intraoperative and histological results. Of the preoperatively treated patients 93.8% had a Wilms' tumour or one of its variants. Five patients had a different malignant tumour and 3 patients, i.e. 2.3% of those preoperatively treated or 1.6% of all registered patients, had benign tumours of the kidney. Wilms' tumour generally presented as a well-defined mass with an inhomogeneous morphology on CT. On ultrasound only 24% of the tumours were homogeneous. Intratumoral haemorrhage and cystic areas occurred frequently; calcifications were rare (8%). With regard to caval involvement only ultrasound and MRI enabled the correct diagnosis, while CT could not differentiate compressions from invasion. The pretherapeutic diagnostic imaging was of sufficient accuracy to start preoperative chemotherapy without diagnostic biopsy.Correspondence to: K. Rieden     

胃肠道类癌六例CT误诊分析

目的探讨胃肠道类癌的cT影像特征并分析误诊原因。方法回顾性分析6例经手术病理检查证实但CT检查误诊的胃肠道类癌的临床资料。结果2例胃类癌CT影像表现为边界锐利的类圆形均质肿块,l例位于腔内,直径约1．0cm,CT检查漏诊后经胃镜确诊。1例位于腔外,直径约6cm,见明显均匀强化。术前cT检查误诊为胃间质瘤。1例小肠类癌表现为回肠末段偏心明显强化肿物,局部肠系膜淋巴结转移并不完全小肠梗阻,术前诊断为恶性肿瘤,3例阑尾类癌,2例误诊为急性阑尾炎,1例漏诊。均经手术病理及免疫组织化学染色检查确诊类癌。结论消化道不同部位类癌有不同的CT表现,了解这些特征性表现对于术前正确诊断类癌有一定价值。     

Choledochal cysts: roentgenographic techniques.

Twenty-four cases of choledochal cysts were reviewed. Only 7 cases were definitely diagnosed preoperatively: 3 by 131I rose bengal scanning, 2 by intravenous cholangiography, 1 by oral cholecystography, and 1 by 99mTc sulfur colloid scanning followed by angiography. The highest percentage of definitive positive examinations was found in the 131I rose bengal scan (3 of 4), but the study most helpful in suggesting the diagnosis in a general way was the upper gastrointestinal series. The more frequent use of 131I rose bengal scanning and ultrasound should increase diagnostic accuracy.     

CT在胃癌诊治中的作用

探讨ＣＴ在胃癌诊断和治疗中的价值。对２５例术后作ＣＴ随访及５６例术前经ＣＴ检查的胃癌患者资料分别进行手术近，远期疗效和手术切除率分析。另对４７例胃癌ＣＴ所见进行术前手术切除可能性预测。分析同期１３例胃肠造影和／或内镜未能确诊的ＣＴ检验结果，对照手术以探讨ＣＴ对胃癌的诊断价值。     

Computed tomography in staging of rectal carcinoma

Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 204 patients with rectal carcinoma in an attempt to determine the tumour stage preoperatively. In 154 patients CT and histopathology could be compared. Correct staging was achieved in 60 to 70 per cent of the patients, but considerable over- and understaging limit the use of CT in preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma.     

Computed tomography of Krukenberg tumors

Computed tomography (CT) of three patients with Krukenberg tumor was reviewed retrospectively. CT showed large, lobulated, multicystic masses with soft-tissue components, indistinguishable from primary ovarian carcinoma. Indeed, CT and sonography of all three patients were initially interpreted as primary ovarian carcinoma. The ovary is a frequent site of metastases, particularly from colon carcinoma. These can be quite large, yet diagnosis is seldom made preoperatively. Much has been written about metastatic ovarian tumor, but this is the first report in the radiologic literature about their CT features. The authors emphasize the importance of recognizing the ovary as a frequent site of metastases and the proper approach to this problem. In patients with a history of colon or gastric carcinoma, the mixed cystic and solid ovarian mass on CT should be regarded as metastatic tumor until proven otherwise. A careful search for gastrointestinal tract signs or symptoms should be done in any patient with a pelvic tumor. When CT is done for evaluation of ovarian tumor, the stomach and colon should be carefully evaluated, and the ovaries routinely examined in the preoperative CT staging of gastric or colon carcinoma.     

Spoke-wheel pattern in renal oncocytoma seen on double-phase helical CT

Renal oncocytomas are benign, solid tumours of the kidney. An angiographic spoke-wheel pattern is known to be associated with oncocytomas, although it is not pathognomonic. On review of the literature, we found two reports of sonographic spoke-wheel appearance in oncocytomas. These were sufficiently characteristic to enable a confident preoperative diagnosis of oncocytoma. We present a case of a surgically proven oncocytoma with a distinct helical CT appearance, -commensurate with the angiographic and sonographic spoke-wheel appearance from which the diagnosis was suspected preoperatively.     

Duodenal duplication cysts: case report and review of the current literature.

Duodenal duplication cysts constitute a rare congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal system, and a preoperative diagnosis of the condition is even less common. The authors present a case of a duodenal duplication cyst in a 3-year-old child in whom they were able to make the correct diagnosis preoperatively by means of ultrasonography and computed tomography.