多发性硬化的MRI诊断

为提高多发性硬化ＭＲＩ特征的认识，作者对２３例经临床证实的多发性硬化ＭＲＩ资料进行了研究。结果显示：多发性硬化斑在Ｔ１加权像上呈低信号或／和等信号，Ｔ２加权像上呈高信号，在横断位上呈圆形，矢状位上呈条状，均垂直于脑室，病变在急性期或活动期有强化。本研究提示ＭＲＩ不仅可以有早期即检测出病灶的存在，并且能显示特征性表现，有助于与中枢神经系统其它变性病变进行鉴别。     

脑及脊髓多发性硬化的磁共振影像（MRI）诊断（附18例报告）

目的：进一步探讨脑及脊髓多发性硬化的ＭＲＩ特征。材料及方法：对用ＭＲＩ诊断并经临床糖皮质激素治疗好转的１８例多发性硬化ＭＲＩ表现进行分析。结果：多发性硬化的ＭＲＩ主要表现为侧脑室旁多发病灶，对称分布，并可在Ｔ２加权正中矢状位见胼低体受累；脊髓内病灶位脊髓边缘，其长轴与脊髓平行。结论：多发性硬化的ＭＲＩ表现有一定特征性，胼胝体的改变对确诊有重要作用，ＭＲＩ是诊断多发性硬化的最佳影像手段。     

成人股骨头缺血性坏死的MRI诊断

本文报告了２５例４６个股骨头缺血性坏死ＭＲＩ表现，证实了其早期ＭＲＩ表现是“双线性”。我们发现Ｔ１加权橡上股骨头呈楔状或扇状低信号区，并在Ｔ２加权像上到“双线征”。并提出了ＭＲＩ分期与Ｘ线分期的关系以及鉴别诊断。     

50例垂体瘤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨垂体蛟斩诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析我院１９９４年１２月至１９９７年１２月间５０例经手术和病理证实的垂体瘤的ＭＲＩ表现。结果 巨腺瘤４０例,微腺瘤１０例。９５％的巨腺瘤在Ｔ１加权像上为低、等信号,Ｔ２加权上９４．５８％呈上等高信号;微腺瘤在Ｔ１加权像上多为低、等信号、Ｔ２加权上为中等高信号。ＭＲＩ诊断５０例均与手术相符。结论 ＭＲＩ是诊断垂体瘤比较理想的工具。     

常见几种肝脏占位病变磁共振成像诊断

目的：为研究几种肝脏病变的磁共振成像（ＭＲＩ）影像特点，提高对肝脏占位病变的认识和诊断。方法：收集８４例经临床证实的肝脏病变病人的ＭＲＩ检查资料，进行回顾性分析。结果：８４例肝脏占位病变的主要ＭＲＩ表现，在Ｔ１加权图像上，大多表现为略低信号，在Ｔ２加权图像上，恶性病变５６例，表现为混杂增高信号，良性病变２８例，信号均匀增高，血管瘤质子密度像即呈高信号。结论：ＭＲＩ检查对于肝占位病变的定位和定性有特     

颅内先天性表皮样囊肿的MRI诊断

为了探讨ＭＲＩ对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值，观察了２０例经手术和病理证实的颅内先天性表皮样囊肿的ＭＲＩ表现，其中１２例有ＣＴ对照。Ｔ１加权像（Ｔ１ＷＩ）１８例呈低信号，其信号强度介于脑脊液和脑皮质之间，另２例呈明显高信号。Ｔ２加权像（Ｔ２ＷＩ）均呈高信号，但普遍有信号不均匀现象。１２例有ＣＴ者均呈低密度。颅内先天性表皮样囊肿好发于桥脑小脑角，有在中线生长的趋势，并常沿脑裂隙及脑池生长。ＭＲＩ显示病变范围优于ＣＴ，但对钙化的显示ＣＴ优于ＭＲＩ。结果提示：ＭＲＩ对颅内表皮样囊肿能作出定性诊断。     

颅内先天性表皮性囊肿的MRI诊断

为了探讨ＭＲＩ对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值，观察了２０例经手术和病理证实的颅内先天性表皮样囊肿的ＭＲＩ表现、其中１２例有ＣＴ对照。Ｔ１加权像１８例呈低信号，其信号强度介于脑脊液和脑皮质之间，另２例呈明显高信号。Ｔ２加权像均呈高信号，但普遍有信号不均匀现象。     

肝脏病变100例磁共振影像分析

本文报告肝脏病变１００例。肝癌ＭＲＩ显示：Ｔ１加权像呈略低信号占９０％，略高信号８％，等信号２％；Ｔ２加权像为混杂高信号；其中８８％有占位效应，５４％有包膜；并且指出了肝血管瘤、肝硬化、脂肪肝和肝囊肿的ＭＲＩ特征及上述病变的鉴别要点。     

肝脏病变100例磁共振影像分析

本文报告肝脏病变１００例。肝癌ＭＲＩ显示：Ｔ１加权像呈略低信号占９０％，略高信号８％，等信号２％；Ｔ２加权像为混杂高信号；其中８８％有占位效应，５４％有包膜；并且指出了肝血管瘤、肝硬化、脂肪肝和肝囊肿的ＭＲＩ特征及上述病变的鉴别要点。     

磁共振成像对鼻咽癌的诊断价值

本文分析了８０例鼻咽癌的ＭＲＩ表现，探讨了ＭＲＩ对鼻咽癌的诊断价值，鼻咽癌病灶在Ｔ１加权像多为等信号，Ｔ２加权像多为高信号，ＭＲＩ能清楚地显示肿瘤向深层组织结构的浸润、颅底骨质破坏和颅内侵犯 及并发的颈部淋巴转移，ＭＲＩ的主要作用在于精确地显示病变的浸润范围，对鼻咽癌临床分期、放疗照射野的主判断预后有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.