射频手术机器辅助内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术

目的探讨射频手术机器在内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术中的应用。方法常规内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术中,应用射频手术机器切割及凝固电极行骨膜下剥离,尤其是眶周和额颞移行区充分分离,仔细分离切割皱眉肌、降眉肌及部分额肌,松弛皮肤钛钉固定于颅骨外板。结果本组10例均获得满意效果。结论射频手术机器辅助内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术,能准确分离切割额颞部肌肉,除皱效果确切、持久。     

内窥镜在额颞部除皱术中的应用

目的：探讨内窥镜下额颞部除皱术的临床应用效果。方法：对接受内窥镜下额颞部除皱术的36例患者,采用额颞部发际内小切口,在内窥镜下通过去除部分眼轮匝肌、皱眉肌、降眉肌、额肌等去除额颞部皱纹;在帽状腱膜下和颞深筋膜浅层剥离,颞部用丝线固定于颞深筋膜上。结果：与传统大切口除皱相比内窥镜下去除额颞部皱纹效果确切,提升效果好,术后会有额部麻木感,但一般在3～6个月后恢复,手术无明显瘢痕,无脱发,就医者满意率达100%。大切口除皱可见瘢痕、脱发等并发症。瘢痕相比P〈0.05、脱发相比P〈0.05,有统计学意义。结论：内窥镜下额颞部除皱效果好、创伤小、恢复快。     

内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术

为了减少面部、额颞部除皱术的手术创伤和手术并发症，提高手术疗效。应用内窥镜骨膜下切断皱眉肌，降眉肌和鼻根部锥形肌同时悬吊枕额肌的面部除皱术。１９９５年１～１１月在斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所共行手术３７例，分别于术后８天，３个月和６个月随访，外观效果满意。认为内窥镜骨膜下除皱术，通过额眉部肌肉的分离切断和悬吊可以取得良好的效果，易为求术者所接受。     

内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术

为了减少面部额颞部除皱术的手术创伤和手术并发症，提高手术疗效。应用内窥镜骨膜下切断皱眉肌，降眉鼻根部锥形肌同时悬吊枕额肌的面部除皱术。１９９５年１－１１月在斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所共行手术３７例，分别于术后８天，３个月和６个月随访，外观效果满意。认为内窥镜骨膜下除皱术，通过额眉部肌肉的分离切断和悬吊可以取得良好的易为求术者所接受。     

内窥镜骨膜下额颞部除皱术

为了减少面部、额颞部除皱术的手术创伤和手术并发症,提高手术疗效。应用内窥镜骨膜下切断皱眉肌,降眉肌和鼻根部锥形肌同时悬吊枕额肌的面部除皱术。1995年1～11月在斯德拉斯堡欧洲美容整形诊所共行手术37例,分别于术后8天,3个月和6个月随访,外观效果满意。认为内窥镜骨膜下除皱术,通过额眉部肌肉的分离切断和悬吊可以取得良好的效果,易为求术者所接受。     

改良法额颞部小切口除皱术

额颞部小切口除皱术是在内窥镜除皱术的基础上加以改进的一种新型额颞部除皱方法。在临床应用过程中 ,我们体会此方法实用性较强。自 1997年以来为 34例患者行改良法额颞部小切口除皱术 ,取得了良好术后效果 ,现将临床经验报道如下1　临床资料　本组共 34例患者 ,男性 2例、女性 32例 ,年龄为 2 7～ 5 2岁。 31例患者为第 1次行额颞部除皱术 ,3例患者为第 2次行额颞部除皱术 ,其中 4例患者同时行面中部除皱术。2　手术方法　首先行术前常规准备 ,并留取照片。然后设计手术切口(图 1) ,额部正中发际内矢状切口长 1.5～ 2 .0cm ,在颞部发际内 …     

额颞部微创内镜除皱术对眉眼形态的改善

目的探讨内镜下额颞部除皱术对眉眼形态的改善情况。方法采用传统的额颞部小切口方法微创行内镜除皱术,并观察内镜除皱对眉眼形态的改变和影响。结果60例术后眉眼间距较术前增大（5．0±1．2）mm,有效实现眉提升,改善下睑缘松弛下垂;内镜下额颞部除皱后眼周围皮肤紧致,长久去除外眼角鱼尾纹,并可在一定程度上对眉形进行调整。结论额颞部内镜除皱术可以矫正眉下垂及双侧眉毛不对称,改善眉眼形态,达到年轻化的效果。     

内窥镜骨膜下除皱术的应用

目的　传统除皱术在达到除皱效果的同时难以避免产生一些不良反应 ,如较长的头皮瘢痕、麻木、脱发、出血多、恢复期长等。为避免上述不良反应 ,我们在除皱术中应用了内窥镜技术独到具有的优点。方法　额部在骨膜下分离 ,颞部在颞深筋膜层分离 ,贯通额颞部形成视腔 ,在内窥镜直视下切除皱眉肌、降眉肌以及额肌 ,同时切开眶缘骨膜 ,通过纠正肌肉间的不平衡而达到手术目的和效果。结果　 1996～1997年间开展的内窥镜骨膜下除皱术 ,共 10例 ,年龄 2 8～ 43岁 ,平均年龄 3 3岁。各例术后效果均较满意 ,手术能纠正眉下垂、眼角下垂 ,减少颞部皱纹及眉间皱纹。结论　内窥镜手术具有切口小、出血少、损伤轻等优点。在掌握指征的前提下 ,内窥镜骨膜下除皱能达到满意的效果。随着内窥镜技术与器械的不断完善 ,其术式会被较多的受术者接受。     

内窥镜除皱提升技术在男性患者中的应用

目的:研究使用内窥镜方法对男性患者行额颞部除皱提升的临床应用及效果评价。方法:对于2006年7月至2016年3月于本院行内窥镜下额/额颞部手术的44例男性患者进行3个月~5年的随访,通过观察眉上提的效果和上眼睑形态的改善、额颞部皱纹消失/减少程度、患者的满意度、术后瘢痕情况、额部麻木感持续时间等来综合评价微创内窥镜额颞部除皱提升技术在男性患者中的应用效果。结果:用微创内窥镜技术行额/额颞部除皱提升术可有效去除/减轻额颞部动态性皱纹和静态纹,提升效果确切,作用较持久,无明显手术痕迹,无明显脱发。结论:微创内窥镜额/额颞部除皱提升技术创伤小、恢复快、效果确切,是男性上面部除皱提升的绝佳选择。     

额颞部小切口联合锯齿线悬吊除皱术

目的：为进一步改善小切口除皱术的效果,解决小切口除皱术后皮肤回缩再次下垂的不足。方法：基于传统的小切口除皱术,联合锯齿线悬吊术：先根据额颞部的皱纹情况进行小切口除皱手术,完成后再根据术前额部皱纹情况,进行锯齿线悬吊提紧额颞部皮肤术。结果：自2003年至2007年初,共施术59例,手术效果显著,额颞部皱纹去除明显,就医者满意度高。结论：额颞部小切口除皱术联合锯齿线悬吊的术后效果优于单纯的小切口除皱术和单纯的额颞部锯齿线悬吊术。     

Endoscopic facial rejuvenation: Endoforehead,the functional lift. Case reports

Endoscopic techniques have only very recently been applied to aesthetic plastic surgery procedures, especially in carpal tunnel release, in forehead plasties, and in breast augmentation operations. The author briefly outlines his experiences with endoscopic forehead lifts, first reported at surgical conferences in Los Angeles and Buenos Aires in 1992, and now totaling 61 cases performed in the 11 months just prior to the submission of this article. This endoscopic approach to forehead lifting has provided similar and comparable results to conventional coronal forehead lift operations, by means of small incisions made in the scalp area with minimal and fewer complications.Presented at the XIlth Congress of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS), Paris, France, September 7, 1993     

Endoscopic forehead lifting and contouring

The concept of endoscopic foreheadplasty is based upon a sub- or supraperiosteal dissection of the parietal, occipital and frontal scalp, incision and release of the superior and lateral orbital periosteum, selective myotomies of the brow depressor muscles, and brow elevation into a desired position with fixation and healing. A significant limitation of this procedure appears to be the ability to predict the long-term forehead and brow elevation. We review the anatomy relevant to forehead rejuvenation surgery and present our surgical technique for permanent fixation endoscopic forehead lifting. We discuss the scientific rationale for permanent fixation to ensure long-term forehead and brow position and draw our conclusions based upon the results of animal and clinical studies that have been completed.     

Endoscopic method of the face rejuvenation

Technical aspects of endoscopic aesthetic interventions, conducted in 65 patients with various signs of early ageing of the face and neck tissues and aesthetic defects in 1996-2005 yrs, are stated. In general four types of endoscopic operations were performed: complete (subperiostal) lifting of forehead, the forehead and middle zone of face lifting, the forehead and face lifting, cervicoplasty, the forehead lifting and the twoplane lifting of face. There were presented possible complications of endoscopic operations, which are less frequent and severe than after performance of open interventions.     

Extended applications for endoscopic forehead surgery

Endoscopic equipment and specially designed elevators and dissecting instruments provide access to the forehead and scalp region through minimal incisions. This technique is now widely accepted for aesthetic forehead and browlifts. To our knowledge, however, it has not previously been used in reconstructive forehead and scalp surgery. We carried out a retrospective review of 5 cases involving patients who underwent reconstructive scalp and frontal bone defect surgery: 2 patients had frontal defects that were contoured with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex; WL Gore & Assoc, Phoenix, Ariz) inserted endoscopically; 2 patients had scalp soft tissue defects that were treated with wide subgaleal undermining and endoscopically guided galeotomies that resulted in primary closure; and 1 patient was treated for facial paralysis to improve the aesthetic result. We conclude that aesthetic endoscopic surgical techniques and equipment can be used in reconstructive therapy for patients with bony and soft tissue defects of the scalp and forehead.     

内镜除皱术26例报告

目的：总结回顾利用内镜除皱使面部年轻化的手术经验。方法：从1994年开始到2000年底分别利用国产和进口整形外科用内镜和关节镜开展额颞部除皱手术26例,采用额部小切口,在额部、眶周和头顶进行广泛的帽状腱膜下和骨膜下分离,采用缝线和螺钉固定向后滑行的头皮和额部皮肤。结果与结论：全部患者取得了比较好的效果,无并发症发生,与传统的开放除皱术相比较,内镜除皱技术具有解剖清晰、创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点。本方法适用于轻度和中度的额颞部和眶周皱纹的处理。     

后置切口式颞部除皱术

目的：探讨一种单一切口、能减轻手术后瘢痕性脱发和鬓角不对称的颞部除皱方法。方法：将手术切口设计在颅后中线上，从帽状腱膜深层钝性分离，进入颞区在颞浅筋膜深分离至眶外侧，充分上提颞部组织后切除多余头皮组织，最后分层缝合。结果：经手术后1～12月的观察，患者的眉、外眦上提效果明显，减少瘢痕性秃发和鬓角不对称并发症出现。结论：后置切口式颞部除皱术是一种有效的颞部除皱方式。     

额颞部小切口多层次剥离除皱术

目的 探讨一种矫正额颞部老化征象简单而有效的方法。方法 采用额、颞部头皮发际内小切口、多层次(额部：骨膜下，额肌与皮肤间；颞部：颞浅筋膜眼轮匝肌与颞深筋膜间，颞浅筋膜眼轮匝肌与皮肤间)剥离，向上提紧额肌骨膜瓣和颞浅筋膜眼轮匝肌瓣，采用折叠缝合内固定(额部缝合固定于骨膜；颞部缝合固定于颞深筋膜表面)。不去除头皮，待其自然收缩恢复。结果 从2000年1月至2003年12月于临床应用20例，既获得满意的额颞部年轻化效果，又避免了冠状切口的并发症。结论 小切口多层次剥离是一种安全有效的额、颞部除皱术，既可单独应用于额部或颞部，也可额颞部同时进行手术。本方法具有时间短，损伤小，康复快，效果可靠等优点，同时避免冠状切口的并发症。     

额颞除皱术辅以隆额隆颞术

对既有面部老化，又有因局部发育不良，面骨体积缩小，畸形等伴有“额小颞窄”和“两侧不对称”等症状的患者，采用额颞除皱术辅以隆额隆颞手术的方法，既可使额颞部皱纹消除，又可达到整形的目的。本组共４８例，其中应用硅橡胶隆颞２８例，额肌瓣隆额１０例，额肌瓣隆额加颞筋膜瓣隆颞６例，额肌瓣隆额加硅橡胶隆颞４例。随访最长５个月，疗效满意。因此，对伴有额颞部外形不满意及面部老化的患者，应以此术为首选方法。     

Neurosensory Preservation in Endoscopic Forehead Plasty

The recent introduction of endoscopic techniques and instrumentation in aesthetic surgery was caused in part by the desire to minimize surgical scars as well as to decrease the possibility of sensory changes secondary to extended incisions, such as the execution of a coronal incision in performing a forehead plasty. Although endoscopic surgical techniques provide field magnification together with excellent illumination, localization and preservation of the forehead neurovascular bundles via the endoscope can be time consuming and tedious. A new method is introduced where percutaneous localization of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves enables the surgeon to perform an endoscopic forehead plasty in an expeditious manner with preservation of sensation of the forehead and scalp.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Dallas, Texas, USA 1994