特高海拔地区执勤一年人体内分泌系统的变化

本文对42名在海拔5170米特高海拔地区执勤一年的人员进行了17项内分泌指标的检测,发现人体内分泌系统的主要变化是:下丘脑—垂体功能状态恢复正常;甲状腺功能部分受抑制;皮质醇和醛固酮分泌正常,肾素活性正常,血管紧张素Ⅰ增多;睾酮分泌增多,FSH、LH、PRL均分泌正常。提示在人体习服高原过程中,内分泌系统起着重要作用。     

免疫与运动性骨质疏松症

运动性骨质疏松症是优秀女性耐力运动员高发的一种疾病,一般认为过度运动导致运动员雌激素分泌下降,破骨细胞合成增加是其主要病因。但是,目前尚不清楚雌激素分泌下降导致破骨细胞合成增加的分子学机制。最新研究表明免疫细胞可以分泌大量细胞因子促进破骨细胞数量增多、活性增强,骨质吸收增加,而雌激素分泌不足、免疫功能变化、细胞因子分泌增加是过度运动的一个典型特征,因此,雌激素分泌不足导致免疫功能变化、细胞因子分泌增加可能是运动性骨质疏松症发生的重要机制。本文主要探讨运动性骨质疏松症细胞因子分泌变化与破骨细胞之间的关系。     

低剂量辐射增强免疫的细胞机制

低剂量辐射(0.1gy以内)一方面加速胸腺细胞周期进程, 促进细胞更新和增殖, 刺激CSF分泌从而使IL-1形成增多, 有利于T细胞成熟；另一方面刺激脾细胞IL-2和IFN-γ的分泌和II-2R的表达,增强T细胞的激活。增强T细胞的激活.上述两方面的细胞学变化导致免疫放大,使NK和ADCC活性增高及MLC和PFC反应增强,全面提高机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能.用T细胞表而抗原的单克隆抗休分析胸腺和脾脏T细胞亚组的分布,未发现低剂量照射后T_H/T_s比值增高,再次证实了著者先前提出的论点,即不能以调节性T细胞亚组比例失衡解释低剂量辐射诱导的免疫增强效应。     

人参皂甙合剂对实验性胃溃疡的防治作用

目的：观察人参皂甙合剂(Ginsenosides Mixture,GM)对胃溃疡的防治作用及机理。方法：按Takagi方法造成小鼠应激性溃疡模型;按改良的Takagi方法造成大鼠醋酸型溃疡模型;按Shay方法造成胃酸分泌模型;用真空泵抽气造成急性低压性缺氧条件。结果：GM与法莫替丁(Famotidine)一样,能剂量依赖性地减少应激性溃疡损伤,促进醋酸型溃疡的愈合;然而,对胃酸分泌抑制作用不及法莫替丁,但能增强对急性低压性缺氧的耐受力。结论：GM是一种有效的抗溃疡制剂,其作用机制除了抑制胃酸分泌外,还与增加机体抵抗力有关。     

游泳训练对小鼠巨噬细胞功能影响的实验研究

对游泳训练3个月的C_(57)B L/6小鼠巨噬细胞功能进行了研究。结果每日运动30分钟组巨噬细胞吞噬功能和抑瘤活性增强,运动60分钟组巨噬细胞IL-1分泌水平和吞噬功能增高,运动120分钟组的巨噬细胞IL-1分泌水平和吞噬功能则明显降低。提示不同运动量的运动训练引起巨噬细胞功能变化有差异,适量运动可以增强巨噬细胞功能,过大的运动则对巨噬细胞功能有损害或抑制作用。     

黄芪多糖和布洛芬联合治疗创伤感染的研究──对巨噬细胞功能的恢复作用

巨噬细胞功能异常是创伤感染发生的重要机制。笔者观察创伤感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和分泌ＰＧＥ２、ＴＮＦ和ＩＬ－１能力的变化，以及免疫激活剂黄芪多糖和环氧化酶抑制剂布洛芬对动物存活率与巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果表明：小鼠双股骨骨折后２４小时接受活绿脓杆菌注射，腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬发光强度明显降低，而ＰＧＥ２、ＴＮＦ和ＩＬ－１的分泌却明显增多。黄芪多糖和布活芬及合用抗生素均未能明显提高创伤感染小鼠的存活率。黄芪多糖明显增强巨噬细胞吞噬发光强度，并抑制ＰＧＥ２的释放，但进一步促进ＴＮＦ的释放。布洛芬则明显抑制ＰＧＥ２和ＴＮＦ的释放，对吞噬功能无明显影响。黄芪多糖和布洛芬联合用于创伤感染的治疗，既增强了巨噬细胞吞噬发光强度，又明显抑制了ＰＧＥ２、ＴＮＦ和ＩＬ－１的分泌。免疫激活剂和环氧化酶抑制剂的组合可望成为创伤感染药物治疗的新方案。     

暴饮暴食易引起哪些疾病?

●暴饮暴食使胃肠负担过重，食物在胃中停留时间过长，刺激和损伤胃肠粘膜，胃液中的盐酸被稀释，无力抵抗病菌的侵袭，容易发生胃肠炎。●饱餐使胃窦部过度扩张，胃泌素分泌增加，进而使胃酸分泌增多，容易引起消化性溃疡病。饱餐后胃压力增加，可引起急性胃扩张，甚至胃破裂。既往有慢性消化性溃疡者，还可发生穿孔，引起弥漫性腹膜炎。●暴饮暴食后肠腔内容物骤然增多，胃肠道分泌也随之增多，如因手术或炎症而发生粘连使狭窄的肠腔不通，极易引起急性肠梗阻。或由于肠段内重量增加，剧烈运动时可导致肠扭转的发生。●暴饮暴食可促使胰腺…     

肿瘤相关抗原肽与低剂量全身照射的协同抑瘤作用

目的观察低剂量X射线照射对小鼠肝癌H-22细胞膜相关抗原肽(TAP)提取物的抑瘤作用及免疫学功能的影响,为低剂量辐射(LDR)与肿瘤疫苗联合治疗肿瘤提供实验依据。方法采用微酸洗脱法制备相对分子质量≤3×106的细胞膜TAP提取物,先给予小鼠75mGyX射线全身照射,12h后以TAP提取物皮下免疫小鼠,检测脾细胞CD3、CD69和TCRαβ表面标记、脾T细胞亚组百分数的变化、脾细胞ConA反应性、IL-2和IFN-γ活性、CTL杀伤活性的变化及抑瘤效应。结果小鼠经TAP提取物免疫后,移植肿瘤的发生率降低,肿瘤平均出现时间延迟,生长速度减慢;脾细胞CD3分子和CD69分子的表达显著升高,脾细胞ConA反应性、IFNγ分泌活性和CTL杀伤活性显著增强,IL-2分泌增多。而同时给予LDR的小鼠不仅上述功能不同程度增强,脾CD8+细胞百分数显著增高。结论LDR与细胞膜TAP具有协同抑瘤作用,细胞免疫力的明显增强可能为其机制之一。     

芫花根总黄酮对小鼠细胞免疫功能的调节作用

目的　探讨芫花根总黄酮对小鼠细胞免疫功能的调节作用。方法　以小鼠迟发性超敏反应、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL 1的分泌、小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖和IL 2生成 ,以及小鼠Ts细胞亚群等指标评价芫花根总黄酮对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。结果剂量为 12 .5～ 5 0mg·kg-1·d-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,对环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫功能的增强和减弱均有显著的下调和提升作用 ;浓度为 12 5～ 5 0 0 μg·ml-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,可促进腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL 1;剂量为 3.12 5～ 2 5mg·kg-1·d-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,可显著促进ConA诱导的小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖、IL 2的分泌 ,并呈剂量依赖性的量效关系 ;单独使用 2 5～ 5 0mg·kg-1·d-1的芫花根总黄酮 ,可显著减弱超适量 2 ,4 -二硝基氯苯诱导的小鼠的免疫耐受 ,与环磷酰胺合用能增强超适量 2 ,4 -二硝基氯苯引起的小鼠免疫耐受。结论　芫花根总黄酮对小鼠的细胞免疫功能具有调节作用。     

激光诊治乳腺疾病的新进展

随着激光技术在临床医学应用面的迅速拓展，有关激光诊治乳腺疾病的报道日渐增多。激光技术在乳腺疾病的防治中已显示越来越重要的地位。一、激光治疗急性乳腺炎急性乳腺炎为乳腺急性感染所致的病理改变，多发于产后哺乳期妇女。国外资料统计以产后乳汁分泌性乳腺炎最常见...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.