Blood pressure values in healthy Malaysian children aged 6-12 years

Blood pressure examination was done manually in 1756 healthy school children aged 6-12 years. Korotkoff 1 represented the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Korotkoff 5 was taken as the diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Blood pressure percentile charts were then drawn up based on age group and sex regardless of ethnicity. There was a significant correlation between both SBP and DBP to increasing height, weight and body mass index.     

Physical activity, fitness and fatness among Saudi children and adolescents: implications for cardiovascular health

During recent years, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed a tremendous development at an astounding rate. The standard of living rises and mechanization has been apparent in all aspects of people's life. As industrialization and modernization progress, a number of changes in physical activity and eating habits are likely to occur. Indeed, physical inactivity and sedentary living with associated low level of physical fitness are increasingly becoming prevalent in the Saudi society. These lifestyle changes undoubtedly carry unfavorable consequences on health outcomes of the Saudi population. This paper reviews the status of physical activity among Saudi children and adolescents and discusses its implications to cardiovascular health and fitness. From the available evidences, it appears that most Saudi children and adolescents do not meet the minimal weekly requirement of moderate to vigorous physical activity necessary for effectively functioning cardiorespiratory system. Furthermore, active Saudi boys tend to have favorable levels of serum triglycerides and high density lipoproteins-cholesterol compared with inactive boys. Sixteen percent of Saudi schoolboys are considered obese (fat content is above 25% of body mass). Body fat percent of Saudi boys seems to have increased over the past decade. Body fatness correlated significantly with several coronary artery disease risk factors. Based on the available evidences, promotion of physical activity among Saudi children and adolescents appears warranted and national policy encouraging active living is also needed.     

Blood pressure in 15- to 16-year-old adolescents of different ethnic groups in two London schools

A blood pressure screening survey was conducted in 357 students, aged 15-16 years, in 2 London schools. Males had higher systolic blood pressures than females, and white males had significantly higher mean systolic pressures than black males, but diastolic pressures were similar. There is no evidence in this survey that blacks have higher mean blood pressures than whites--rather the reverse. This and the difference in blood pressure between schools suggest environmental factors may be important determinants of blood pressure.     

Blood pressure distribution in children at Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

A study of blood pressure levels in 626 apparently healthy children aged 8 to 16 years in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea showed that blood pressure gradually increased with age, was generally higher in females and correlated positively (p less than 0.001) with age, body weight, height and an index of obesity. Body weight and height appear to be the most important predictors of blood pressure. Of the children examined, 32 (5.1%) had elevated blood pressures which were more than two standard deviations above the mean.     

3~6岁儿童寰枢椎椎弓根在3D打印技术下的测量研究

Objective To measure the atlantoaxial pedicles of 3-6-year-old preschool children by using 3D printing imaging technology, and to provide relevant the oretical basis for the placement of atlantoaxial pedicle screws in preschool children.     

Patterns of language and auditory dysfunction in 6-year-old children with epilepsy

In a previous study we reported difficulty with expressive language and visuoperceptual ability in preschool children with epilepsy and otherwise normal development. The present study analysed speech and language dysfunction for each individual in relation to epilepsy variables, ear preference, and intelligence in these children and described their auditory function. Twenty 6-year-old children with epilepsy (14 females, 6 males; mean age 6:5 y, range 6 y–6 y 11 mo) and 30 reference children without epilepsy (18 females, 12 males; mean age 6:5 y, range 6 y–6 y 11 mo) were assessed for language and auditory ability. Low scores for the children with epilepsy were analysed with respect to speech-language domains, type of epilepsy, site of epileptiform activity, intelligence, and language laterality. Auditory attention, perception, discrimination, and ear preference were measured with a dichotic listening test, and group comparisons were performed. Children with left-sided partial epilepsy had extensive language dysfunction. Most children with partial epilepsy had phonological dysfunction. Language dysfunction was also found in children with generalized and unclassified epilepsies. The children with epilepsy performed significantly worse than the reference children in auditory attention, perception of vowels and discrimination of consonants for the right ear and had more left ear advantage for vowels, indicating undeveloped language laterality.     

Longitudinal growth study of Tasmanian children, 1967-1983. The 13-, 14- and 15-year-old girls

This study updates the heights and weights of sexually mature and immature girls aged 13, 14 and 15 years in the Tasmanian Longitudinal Growth Study. Problems arose when their heights and weights were plotted on the NHMRC standard distributions (1970-1972 NSW percentiles) in order to assess whether or not they were normal. The current NHMRC standards are not adequate for adolescent girls and should be replaced by separate charts for mature and immature girls, respectively.     

4～6岁儿童对情绪表达规则中情境的认知发展研究

目的 考查4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知发展特点,为童年早期儿童的情绪教育提供实证依据。方法 采用三因素混合实验设计,以临床访谈法对96个4～6岁儿童进行测试。结果 ①4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知成绩随年龄的增长而提高,能够正确认知的人次百分比依次为：44.9%、69.55%、82%;②与长辈交往情境中对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知成绩要好于与同伴交往中的,情绪的性质不影响4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知;③4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的理由解释类型随年龄的发展而变化,总的来说,做自我定向理由解释的人次百分比（63.4%）多于做他人定向理由解释（33.6%）。结论 4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知刚刚萌芽正逐步发展,这一发展受社会交往经验的影响。     

哮喘患儿血清白细胞介素6、8、10的检测及意义

目的 :探讨白细胞介素6(IL -6)、8、10在哮喘发作期和缓解期中的意义。方法:哮喘发作组30例 ,年龄(8 16±4 17)岁。哮喘缓解组30例 ,年龄 (7 86±3 21)岁。正常对照组20例 ,年龄 (8 10±3 15)岁。用ELISA法测3组血清IL_6、IL_8和IL_10。结果 :发作组的IL_6与IL_8高于缓解组和对照组 ,而IL_10低于缓解组和对照组 ,差异均有显著性意义。缓解组的IL_6与IL_8高于对照组 ,而IL_10低于对照组 ,差异均有显著性意义。结论 :证实了哮喘的气道炎症可能与IL_6与IL_8的上调 ,IL_10的下调有关。说明IL_6、IL_8和IL_10可从不同侧面反映哮喘的严重程度 ,提示针对IL_6、IL_8和IL_10在哮喘气道炎症中作用的不同特点采取对应性治疗是十分必要的     

辽宁省5岁儿童乳牙龋及家庭影响因素的分析

目的:研究辽宁省5岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况与家庭因素的关系。方法:对792名5岁儿童进行患龋情况调查,并随机抽取396名儿童父(母)问卷。对影响乳牙龋的相关因素进行χ2检验及Logistic回归分析。结果:父(母)的文化程度和孩子睡前进食甜点对乳牙龋有显著的影响。结论:加强对家长的口腔卫生保健知识的指导,控制儿童睡前甜食和饮料摄入,是防止乳牙龋发生的有效途径。     

4～6岁儿童对情绪表达规则中情境的认知发展研究

目的 考查4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知发展特点,为童年早期儿童的情绪教育提供实证依据.方法 采用三因素混合实验设计,以临床访谈法对96个4～6岁儿童进行测试.结果 ①4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知成绩随年龄的增长而提高,能够正确认知的人次百分比依次为:44.9%、69.55%、82%;②与长辈交往情境中对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知成绩要好于与同伴交往中的,情绪的性质不影响4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知;③4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的理由解释类型随年龄的发展而变化,总的来说,做自我定向理由解释的人次百分比(63.4%)多于做他人定向理由解释(33.6%).结论 4～6岁儿童对需要使用情绪表达规则的情境的认知刚刚萌芽正逐步发展,这一发展受社会交往经验的影响.     

Blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age, 1999-2000

Context  Humans are exposed to methylmercury, a well-established neurotoxin, through fish consumption. The fetus is most sensitive to the adverse effects of exposure. The extent of exposure to methylmercury in US women of reproductive age is not known. Objective  To describe the distribution of blood mercury levels in US children and women of childbearing age and the association with sociodemographic characteristics and fish consumption. Design and Setting  The 1999-2000 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized US population. Participants  In 1999-2000, 1250 children aged 1 to 5 years and 2314 women aged 16 to 49 years were selected to participate in the survey. Household interviews, physical examinations, and blood mercury levels assessments were performed on 705 children (56% response rate) and 1709 women (74% response rate). Main Outcome Measure  Blood concentration of total mercury. Results  Blood mercury levels were approximately 3-fold higher in women compared with children. The geometric mean concentration of total blood mercury was 0.34 µg/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.39 µg/L) in children and 1.02 µg/L (95% CI, 0.85-1.20 µg/L) in women. Geometric mean mercury levels were almost 4-fold higher among women who ate 3 or more servings of fish in the past 30 days compared with women who ate no fish in that period (1.94 µg/L vs 0.51 µg/L; P<.001). Conclusions  Measures of mercury exposure in women of childbearing age and young children generally fall below levels of concern. However, approximately 8% of women had concentrations higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency's recommended reference dose (5.8 µg/L), below which exposures are considered to be without adverse effects. Women who are pregnant or who intend to become pregnant should follow federal and state advisories on consumption of fish.