新诊断格雷夫斯病患者肝功能变化与甲状腺激素及抗体的关系

目的分析新诊断的格雷夫斯(Graves)病患者肝功能与甲状腺激素及抗体水平的关系。方法对2002-09~2004-04南京市鼓楼医院117例新诊断的Graves病患者用抗甲亢药前,分析临床表现、肝功能、肝炎病毒指标、FT3、FT4、TSH、抗体TPOAb、TGAb、TRAb等。按肝功能正常与否分为正常组(74例)和异常组(39例),4例为病毒性肝炎予以剔除。结果113例新诊断的Graves病患者合并肝功能异常(至少有一项异常)的发生率34.51%。肝功异常组的FT3、FT4及TRAb水平明显高于肝功能正常组(P<0.001),而TSH、TPOAb、TGAb两组间无显著差异。结论新诊断的Graves病患者可出现由甲亢本身引起的肝功能受损,与患者的甲状腺激素水平、TRAb水平密切相关。伴有肝损的Graves病患者甲亢的病情较重。     

Graves病甲状腺功能亢进症性肝损害的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响Graves病甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)性肝功能损害的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学总医院2013年1月至2015年12月收治的Graves病住院患者254例,根据肝功能将患者分为Graves病甲亢性肝损害组(A组,n=159)和甲亢肝功能正常组(B组,n=95),比较两组的基础代谢率(BMR)、甲状腺重量、FT3、FT4、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、TSH受体抗体(TRAb)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb).采用Pearson相关性分析甲状腺重量、BMR、FT3、FT4、TRAb与甲亢性肝损害的相关性,应用Logistic回归分析甲亢性肝损害的独立危险因素.结果 A组的甲状腺重量、BMR、FT3、FT4、TRAb、TPOAb均高于B组,而TSH低于B组(t或z=-4.720～-2.276,P均＜0.05).Pearson相关性分析显示,甲状腺重量、BMR、FT3、FT4、TRAb与甲亢性肝损害的发生呈正相关(r=0.157～ 0.270,P均＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,FT3(OR=1.052,95％ CI:1.001～1.105)、BMR(OR=1.019,9.5％ CI:1.006 ～ 1,033)是Graves病甲亢性肝损害发生的独立危险因素(P均＜0.05).结论 Graves病甲亢性肝损害与FT3、FT4、TRAb、BMR、甲状腺重量有关.其中FT3、BMR为甲亢性肝损害发生的独立危险因素.     

抗甲状腺药物致肝功能损害相关因素分析

抗甲状腺药物丙基硫氧嘧啶 (PTU)及他巴唑 (MMI)导致的肝损害临床常见 ,有的相当严重 ,影响继续治疗。我们对42例用此类药物治疗的 Graves′病患者进行临床观察 ,旨在探讨药物肝损害的相关因素。临床资料 :本文共 135例 Graves′病患者 ,连续用抗甲状腺药物治疗半年以上确诊为抗甲状腺药物性肝损害 42例 (排除甲亢性、病毒性及其它原因所致 ) ,其中男 10例 ,女 32例 ;年龄 14～ 5 8岁 ,平均 2 5 .5岁。应用抗甲状腺药物过程中 ,每2～ 4周监测一次肝功能。转氨酶升到正常上限 3倍以内为亚临床肝损害 ,升高 3倍以上为显著肝损害 (本组 6例…     

中西医结合治疗青春期甲亢31例临床观察

目的　观察中成药“抑亢丸”辅助治疗青春期弥漫性甲状腺肿伴甲亢 (Graves病 )疗效。方法　对已接受西医系统抗甲亢治疗 3 0个月以上的 5 6位青春期Graves病患者随机分为观察组 (2 5例 )和治疗组 (3 1例 ) ,分别予以原抗甲亢药物 (ATD)方案治疗和在此基础上加用“抑亢丸”治疗 3个月 ,通过甲状腺功能 (FT3 、FT4)和甲状腺免疫标志物 (TPOAb、TMA、TGA)变化比较两组治疗效果。结果　 3个月后治疗组TPOAb、TGA、TMA较观察组显著下降 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,提示免疫功能改善。治疗组FT3 、FT4下降明显 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与免疫功能改善相平行 ,提示甲状腺功能明显恢复。结论　中药“抑亢丸”联合西医抗甲亢系统治疗青春期甲亢可改善甲状腺自身免疫功能 ,从而促进甲状腺功能恢复正常     

甲状腺功能亢进症316例肝功能某些指标变化的分析

目的探讨甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）患者与肝功能的一些指标变化关系。方法对316例甲亢患者行甲功、肝功能检测,指标包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、谷胺酰转肽酶（GGT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、血清总胆红素（TBL）;比较分析甲亢性肝功能损害和甲亢无肝功能损害两组之间的游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺素（TSH）水平;并分析甲亢患者肝功能变化的情况。结果甲亢性肝损害组TSH、FT3、FT4比无肝损害甲亢组高（P〈0．05）,甲亢性肝功能损害时主要以ALP、ALT、AST的异常增高为主;并且FT3、FT4分别与ALP、ALT、AST存在正相关关系,P〈0．05。结论甲亢性肝功能损害（特别是ALP变化）与甲状腺激素水平有密切关系,能否用ALP来协助甲亢诊断和治疗观察值得探讨。     

老年甲亢性肝损害患者炎症因子的变化及意义

目的探讨老年甲亢性肝损害患者炎症因子的变化及意义。方法选取40例老年甲亢性肝损害患者(老年组),40例中青年甲亢性肝损害患者(中青年组),40例健康体检老年人组(正常组)作为研究对象。采用化学发光法测定血浆中降钙素原(PCT)水平,放射免疫法测定IL-2、IL-6,ELISA法测定血清TNF-α,电化学发光法测定血清FT3、FT4,全自动生化分析仪测定血清ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT和TBIL。结果老年组及中青年组IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、FT3、FT4、ALT、AST、ALP、γ-GT、TBIL水平均高于正常组(P0.05或P0.01),PCT水平较正常组比较偏高但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);老年组IL-2、TNF-α、FT3、FT4水平和中青年组比较无显著差异(P0.05),但老年组IL-6、ALT、AST、ALP水平高于中青年组(P0.05);血清IL-6与TNF-α、ALT、AST、ALP呈正相关(r=0.45,0.32,0.39,0.28,P0.05)。结论老年甲亢易伴发更严重的肝功能损害,IL-6、TNF-α水平升高可能是老年甲亢性肝损害发生的重要机制。     

甲状腺功能亢进性肝损害与甲巯咪唑继发性肝损害的临床比较研究

目的分析甲状腺功能亢进症(简称甲亢)性肝损害患者的肝功能与甲状腺功能的相关性,探讨抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑所致肝损害患者的临床特征及其引起肝损害的相关因素。方法纳入甲亢性肝病患者54例(甲亢性肝损害组)和初诊未治的无肝损害甲亢患者33例(甲亢无肝损害组),收集两组患者用药前的一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能),分析甲亢性肝损害的相关因素;将同期抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑致肝损害患者(27例)根据肝功能指标分为肝细胞型组(7例)、胆汁淤积型组(12例)和混合型组(8例),收集其一般资料和临床资料(甲状腺功能和肝功能)并比较。结果甲亢性肝损害组患者治疗前的ALT、AST、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT 3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT 4)和促甲状腺激素受体抗体(TRAb)水平明显高于甲亢无肝损害组(P<0.05),两组患者ALT、ALP、γ-GT水平均与FT 3、FT 4、TRAb水平呈明显正相关(P<0.05)。肝细胞型组、胆汁淤积型组和混合型组患者的年龄、用药时间、ALT、ALP比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲亢患者甲状腺功能异常的严重程度可能与其肝损害相关;抗甲亢药物甲巯咪唑引起的肝损害类型可能与患者年龄、病程及用药时间有关。     

食盐加碘后天津市不同人群碘营养状况调查

目的　了解食盐加碘后天津市区正常成人和 Graves病患者碘营养状况。方法　采用酸消化砷铈催化分光光度法测定 42名正常成人和 74名 Graves病患者的 2 4h尿碘含量 ,比较 2个组人群尿碘中位数和尿碘频数分布。结果　天津市食盐加碘后正常人和 Graves病患者尿碘中位数分别为 2 5 8.0μg/ 2 4h和 5 0 0 .0μg/ 2 4h,均明显高于天津市食盐加碘前的水平 ;有 2 1.5 %正常人和 5 0 .0 % Graves病患者尿碘值大于 5 0 0μg/ 2 4h。Graves病患者的尿碘水平明显高于正常成人 (P <0 .0 0 1)。 Graves病患者频数分布中尿碘高值所占比例较大 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　食用合格碘盐能纠正天津市居民的碘缺乏状态 ,目前天津市民的碘摄入量偏高 ,碘可能诱发 Graves病的发生     

Graves病患者血浆β内啡肽浓度的变化

我们观察了82例Graves病患者在治疗前后血浆β内啡吠(β-EP)水平的变化.现报道如下.对象与方法对象:随机选择Graves病患者82例,男性13例,女性69例.平均年龄38.6±11岁.病程1个月至6年.入选条件:(1)临床有典型甲亢症状;(2)T_3、T_4、rT_3、TSH检测符合甲亢诊断标准;(3)排除糖尿病、心、肝、肺、脑血管意外等其它疾患.将82例分为三组:(1)A组30例,女性26例,男性4例,平均年龄39.03±9.6岁,比较抗甲状腺药物ATD治疗前后血浆β-EP的变化;(2)B组26例,男性5例,女性21例,平均年龄38.3±13岁,处于甲     

抗结核化疗对乙肝病毒标志物阳性者肝功能损害及对策

目的　探讨乙肝病毒标志物 (HBVM)阳性肺结核患者抗结核治疗中肝功能的损害及对策。方法　回顾性分析本院 6 91例痰菌阳性的初治肺结核中 ,97例 HBVM阳性 (A组 )与 5 94例 HBVM阴性 (B组 )抗结核治疗时肝功能损害的发生率。结果　 6 91例中发生药物性肝损害 73例 ,占总病例数的 10 .5 6 % ,其中 A组发生肝损者4 4例 (发生率 4 5 .36 % ) ;B组肝损者 2 9例 (4.88% ) ,二者有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。治疗方案中含有利福平 (RFP)的 5 4 6例中 ,6 8例发生肝损 (发生率为 12 .4 5 % ) ,含有利福喷汀 (RFT)的 14 5例中 ,5例发生肝损 (3.5 4 % ) ,两者比较 ,肝损发生率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。 HBVM阳性患者 ,治疗方案含有 RFP的 88例中 ,4 3例发生肝损 (发生率4 8.86 % ) ,HBVM阴性患者 ,治疗方案含有 RFP的 4 5 8例中 ,2 5例发生肝损 (5 .4 6 % )。二者比较有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。HBVM阳性者使用含 RFT方案治疗的 9例中 ,仅 1例发生肝损 ,肝损发生率降低为 11.1%。HBVM阳性患者治疗方案中含 RFP者与含 RFT者比较 ,肝损发生率也有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　抗结核治疗中 HBVM阳性患者发生肝损比率明显增加 ,损害程度也明显增高。含 RFP的抗结核方案引起的肝功能损害明显大于含 RFT的抗结核方案。建     

The effect of combination therapy with propylthiouracil and cholestyramine in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with propylthiouracil (PTU) and cholestyramine in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism. BACKGROUND: Thyroxine (T4) is metabolized mainly in the liver by conjugation to glucuronides and sulphates that enter the enterohepatic circulation. Thyrotoxic patients have an abnormal increase in thyroid hormone in their enterohepatic circulation. Previous studies on combination therapy with methimazole and cholestyramine for Graves' hyperthyroidism have shown it to be an effective adjunctive treatment. In this study, we examined the efficacy of combination therapy with PTU and cholestyramine in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism. METHODS: Thirty patients with newly diagnosed Graves' hyperthyroidism were randomly divided into two groups: group I (n = 15) received PTU 100 mg twice a day, propranolol 40 mg twice a day and cholestyramine 4 g twice a day for 4 weeks; group II (n = 15) received PTU 100 mg twice a day and propranolol 40 mg twice a day for 4 weeks. The therapeutic efficacy was determined by serum total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and TRAb levels at baseline, and at the end of 2 and 4 weeks during the study period. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in baseline thyroid function parameters. At the end of 2 and 4 weeks of the study period, serum TT3 and FT4 levels of group I were significantly lower than those of group II. No significant differences in the TRAb level were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Cholestyramine contributed to a more rapid and complete decline in thyroid hormone levels in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. It was thus proved to be an effective and well-tolerated adjunctive therapy.     

甲状腺功能亢进症初诊患者肝功能异常的临床分析

探讨甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)初诊患者肝功能异常的发生率、临床特点及相关因素。将428例甲亢患者根据肝功能是否异常分为两组,分析其临床表现、肝功能指标与血清甲状腺激素水平以及甲状腺自身抗体的水平的关系。初诊甲亢患者肝功能异常的发生率为30．1％,肝功能损害最常见的是碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)增高,其甲状腺激素水平显著高于无肝功能异常者。而TSH、甲状腺微粒体抗体(TMA)、甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TGA)则无明显差异。甲亢初诊患者合并肝功能异常较常见,肝功能损害以ALP、ALT增高为最常见,且与甲状腺激素水平关系密切。     

Ratio of serum free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine in Graves' hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis caused by painless thyroiditis

The serum T3 to T4 ratio is a useful indicator for differentiating destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis from Graves' thyrotoxicosis. However, the usefulness of the serum free T3 (FT3) to free T4 (FT4) ratio is controversial. We therefore systematically evaluated the usefulness of this ratio, based on measurements made using two widely available commercial kits in two hospitals. Eighty-two untreated patients with thyrotoxicosis (48 patients with Graves' disease and 34 patients with painless thyroiditis) were examined in Kuma Hospital, and 218 patients (126 with Graves' disease and 92 with painless thyroiditis) and 66 normal controls were examined in Ito Hospital. The FT3 and FT4 values, as well as the FT3/FT4 ratios, were significantly higher in the patients with Graves' disease than in those with painless thyroiditis in both hospitals, but considerable overlap between the two disorders was observed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the FT3 and FT4 values and the FT3/FT4 ratios of patients with Graves' disease and those with painless thyroiditis seen in both hospitals were prepared, and the area under the curves (AUC), the cut-off points for discriminating Graves' disease from painless thyroiditis, the sensitivity, and the specificity were calculated. AUC and sensitivity of the FT(3)/FT(4) ratio were smaller than those of FT(3) and FT(4) in both hospitals. The patients treated at Ito hospital were then divided into 4 groups according to their FT4 levels (A: < or =2.3, B: >2.3 approximately < or =3.9, C: 3.9 approximately < or =5.4, D: >5.4 ng/dl), and the AUC, cut-off points, sensitivity, and specificity of the FT(3)/FT(4) ratios were calculated. The AUC and sensitivity of each group increased with the FT4 levels (AUC: 57.8%, 72.1%, 91.1%, and 93.4%, respectively; sensitivity: 62.6%, 50.0%, 77.8%, and 97.0%, respectively). The means +/- SE of the FT3/FT4 ratio in the Graves' disease groups were 3.1 +/- 0.22, 3.1 +/- 0.09, 3.2 +/- 0.06, and 3.1 +/- 0.07, respectively, versus 2.9 +/- 0.1, 2.6 +/- 0.07, 2.5 +/- 0.12, and 2.3 +/- 0.15, respectively, in the painless thyroiditis groups. In the painless thyroiditis patients, the difference in the FT3/FT4 ratio between group A and group D was significant (p<0.05). Thus, the FT3/FT4 ratio in patients with Graves' disease likely remains unchanged as the FT4 level rises, whereas this ratio decreases as the FT4 level rises in patients with painless thyroiditis. In conclusion, the FT3/FT4 ratios of patients with painless thyroiditis overlapped with those of patients with Graves' disease. However, this ratio was useful for differentiating between these two disorders when the FT4 values were high.     

Graves病131I治疗前和治疗一年中促甲状腺素受体抗体水平的动态变化

对157例Graves病131I门诊治疗的病例进行回顾性研究.按131I治疗1年后甲状腺功能状态分成3组:缓解组(FT3、FT4)、部分缓解组(FT3、FT3未降至正常范围)、甲减组(FT3、FT3低于正常).治疗前促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)的阳性率为88.5%.131I治疗后,TRAb在3～6个月时达高峰,之后逐渐下降.甲状腺重量、显著升高的TRAb(≥405 U/L)、FT3、FT3水平是评估预后的指标.     

急性脑梗死患者糖脂代谢紊乱的临床研究

目的调查急性脑梗死患者血糖及血脂代谢异常情况,以制定合理的干预策略,改善预后。方法选择急性脑梗死患者398例,按牛津郡社区脑卒中项目分型,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血脂,对无糖尿病史的患者在病情稳定后,进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),根据FPG水平,将患者分为糖代谢正常组196例,糖调节受损组78例和糖尿病组124例,对各组糖脂水平进行对比分析。结果 398例患者总的糖代谢异常率为50.8%,其中入院后新确诊糖尿病59例(14.8%)、糖调节受损78例(19.6%),在新确诊的糖代谢异常中,40.7%的糖尿病及59.0%的糖调节受损通过OGTT确诊。与糖代谢正常组比较,糖调节受损组和糖尿病组患者血脂、FPG及HbAlc水平明显升高(P<0.05);在脑梗死各亚型中,患者FPG、血脂水平无差异,但腔隙性脑梗死患者糖代谢异常比例最高。结论脑梗死患者糖代谢异常比例高,OGTT可发现大量合并糖代谢异常患者,糖脂代谢异常在动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死的病理机制中起重要作用。     

Factors Predicting Abnormal Liver Function Tests Induced by Graves’ Disease Alone: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) are often observed in patients with Graves’ disease (GD). To date, there are limited data demonstrating the factors or biochemical indexes contributing to LFT abnormalities in this patient population. The aim of this study was to explore factors predicting abnormal LFTs induced by GD alone. This was a retrospective study of 289 consecutive cases of newly diagnosed and untreated patients with GD. All patients were divided into abnormal LFTs (group A) and normal LFTs (group B). In total, 205 (70.9%) cases were found to have at least 1 LFT abnormality. Among them, the frequencies of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GTP, TBIL and DBIL abnormalities were 52.7%, 32.2%, 45.9%, 38.5%, 23.4%, 2.9%, respectively, and the number of patients with 1 to 6 hepatic variable abnormalities were 89, 64, 30, 16, 6 and 0, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictive factors contributing to abnormal LFTs. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was also plotted to verify the accuracy of predictors. In the univariate analysis, patients in group A had significantly higher FT3 concentration (37.5 vs 33.4 pmol/L, P = 0.009), FT4 concentration (85.7 vs 77.4 pmol/L, P = 0.002) and TRAb level (22.2 vs 17.4 IU/L, P < 0.001) when compared with those in group B. Binary logistic regression analysis identified higher FT4 concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.017, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.005–1.030, P = 0.006) and higher TRAb value (OR: 1.038, 95% CI:1.013–1.064, P = 0.003) to be independent risk factors predicting abnormal LFTs. The optimal cutoffs for FT4 and TRAb to predict abnormal LFTs were 75 pmol/L and 15 IU/L, respectively, based on ROC analysis.     

Effects of iodine on thyroid status of fetus versus mother in treatment of Graves' disease complicated by pregnancy.

To investigate the effect of maternal iodine therapy for Graves' disease on fetal thyroid, we examined serum free T4 (FT4) and TSH levels in the fetus vs. those in the mother. Patients who were severely thyrotoxic were not included. Cord and maternal sera were tested at delivery in 35 patients with Graves' disease treated with iodine alone during pregnancy (6-40 mg daily). At the initiation of therapy, the mothers were at 11-37 weeks gestation, and FT4 levels ranged from 28.3-65.8 pmol/L. At delivery, maternal FT4 values ranged from 9.3-42.0 pmol/L, slightly above normal in 22 of the 35 mothers and normal in the other 13. Fetal FT4 levels were above the normal range occurred significantly less often than maternal levels (2 in 35; P less than 0.001), and no fetus had FT4 below normal. In the 13 mothers with normal FT4 levels, all fetal FT4 levels were normal; the fetal TSH level was above normal in 1 and normal in the remainder. A significant correlation was found between cord and maternal FT4 levels (P less than 0.05). In 12 of the 35 mothers, FT4 levels rose after a transient fall during iodine administration. The correlation of cord FT4 and maternal FT4 was closer when these 12 cases were excluded (P less than 0.001). Neither the dose of iodine nor the duration of therapy correlated with thyroid function in fetuses or mothers. Fetal TSH binding inhibitory antibody values strongly correlated with maternal TSH binding inhibitory antibody values (P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that 1) in the treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease, iodine seldom if ever exposes the fetus to the risk of hypothyroidism; 2) the fetal thyroid is influenced by the same stimulatory and inhibitory factors as the maternal thyroid; and 3) escape from the inhibitory effects of iodine occurs less often in fetuses than in mothers, which may account at least in part for the lower thyroid status in the fetus compared to that in the mother.     

肝穿刺活组织病理检查在肝病诊治中的意义

目的评价肝穿刺活组织检查在肝病诊断及治疗中的价值。方法回顾性分析浦东新区南华医院自2007年以来接受B超定位下行1秒钟(1s)肝穿刺诊断并指导治疗患者的情况。结果 16例不明原因肝损伤的患者经肝穿刺活组织检查明确诊断,药物性肝炎4例(4/16,25%),脂肪性肝炎4例(4/16,25%)自身免疫性肝炎2例(2/16,12.5%),乙型肝炎2例(2/16,12.5%),急性淤胆型肝炎、血吸虫性肝病各1例,2例经肝穿活检仍未能明确诊断。在20例反复肝功能异常半年以上、ALT<2倍正常上限值(2×ULN)、高病毒载量的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者中,有65%(13/20)肝脏炎症指数≥2级,需抗病毒治疗,且年龄20～40岁者占69.2%(9/13)。结论肝穿刺活检是诊断肝功能异常病因的重要手段,对明确诊断并确立最适当的治疗方案有重要价值。