白纹伊蚊经实验感染后涎腺中基孔肯雅病毒和乙型脑炎病毒抗原检测

用基孔肯雅和乙型脑炎病毒经口感染白纹伊蚊，采用免疫荧光试验对雌蚊涎腺作病毒抗原检查，结果于感染后第８￣１４天基孔肯雅的阳性为５０％￣９１．６７％，乙型脑炎为７０％￣８０％。试验认为，白纹伊蚊在感染后第６￣８天即可传播基孔肯雅和乙型脑炎病毒。     

应用荧光抗体检查布氏菌的实验观察

据文献报道,应用荧光抗体染色检查病料中的布氏菌,是一种特异、简便和快速的方法。本试验用布氏菌104M苗免疫家兔,制备了高效价的布氏菌荧光抗体。用布氏菌苗接种豚鼠和小白鼠第七天     

三种蚊虫的乙型肝炎实验感染

为了解我国中部地区的主要传病蚊种与乙型肝炎感染的关系,我们对国内外资料中甚少报告的中华按蚊,淡色库蚊,东乡伊蚊作了实验感染研究。以Adr亚型的HBsAg阳性和HBeAg阳性的脱纤维血,用鸡素囊法感染饥饿雌蚊。结果在一次饲以血食后HBsAg可在中华按蚊体内保持288小时(以ELISA Abbott药盒检验)。东乡伊蚊116小时,淡色库蚊72小时。以ELISA药盒检验HBeAg,中华按蚊为240小时,东乡伊蚊     

树鼩实验感染后血清中抗基孔肯雅病毒IgM和IgG抗体检查

成年树经人工感染基孔肯雅病毒后，能产生2～6天的病毒血症。感染后第6天能产生特异性IgM抗体，第14～21天为高峰，以后逐渐下降。感染后第12天，IgG抗体开始出现，第30～60天为高峰，并持续不降，表明树对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。     

树Qu实验感染后血清中抗基孔肯雅病毒IgM和IgG抗体检查

成年树Ｑｕ经人工感染基孔肯雅病毒后，能产生２－６天的病毒血症。感染后第６天能产生特异性ＩｇＭ抗体，第１４－２１天为高峰，以后逐渐下降，感染后第１２天，ＩｇＧ抗体开始出现，３０－６０天为高峰，并持续不降，表明树Ｑｕ对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。     

涎腺肿瘤的基因治疗

涎腺肿瘤 （salivary gland tumors） 是口腔颌面部常见的一类肿瘤.该肿瘤发病率较高,且形态结构复杂,变化较大.对于该肿瘤的治疗,目前仍以手术治疗为主.除良性肿瘤及部分低度恶性肿瘤手术治疗效果较好外,大多数涎腺恶性肿瘤缺乏特异性治疗手段,术后常常出现复发.近年来,基因治疗的应用研究逐渐成为涎腺肿瘤,特别是涎腺恶性肿瘤的研究热点.并已逐渐作为手术、化疗、放疗等常规疗法的一个重要补充.本文收集整理了国内外近期研究文献,就涎腺肿瘤基因治疗的基本方法及存在问题进行综述.     

四川罗索线虫对常见蚊虫的感染实验

作者经过近几年的调查研究,已知四川罗索线虫分布于川南、川北和川东等地,它的自然宿主除中华按蚊外.还有巨型按蚊暗缨亚种(Anophelesgigas baileyi),为了进一步了解它的宿主范围,选择了数种常见蚊虫进行人工感染实验,现将初步结     

涎腺超声检查的评分系统在原发性干燥综合征的诊断价值——一项与涎腺放射性核素扫描和活组织检查对照结果

最近发表的2002欧美用药评议小组(AECC)关于干燥综合征(SS)的分类标准将非刺激性唾液流量试验、腮腺造影术及闪烁扫描术都作为评估涎腺功能的方法.有关SS的涎腺评估需要更多的改进.     

Effect of Dengue-2 Virus Infection on Protein Expression in the Salivary Glands of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most important mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that is transmitted throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The primary mosquito vector of DENV in urban locations is Aedes aegypti. Key to understanding the transmission of DENV is the relationship between pathogen and vector. Accordingly, we report our preliminary characterization of the differentially expressed proteins from Ae. aegypti mosquitoes after DENV infection. We investigated the virus–vector interaction through changes in the proteome of the salivary glands of mosquitoes with disseminated DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) infections using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identification by mass spectrometry. Our findings indicate that DENV-2 infection in the Ae. aegypti salivary gland alters the expression of structural, secreted, and metabolic proteins. These changes in the salivary gland proteome highlight the virally influenced environment caused by a DENV-2 infection and warrant additional investigation to determine if these differences extend to the expectorated saliva.     

Morphological Aspects and Viremia Analysis of BALB/c Murine Model Experimentally Infected with Dengue Virus Serotype 4

Ever since its brief introduction in the Brazilian territory in 1981, dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) remained absent from the national epidemiological scenario for almost 25 years. The emergence of DENV-4 in 2010 resulted in epidemics in most Brazilian states. DENV-4, however, remains one of the least studied among the four DENV serotypes. Despite being known as a mild serotype, DENV-4 is associated with severe cases and deaths and deserves to be investigated; however, the lack of suitable experimental animal models is a limiting factor for pathogenesis studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the susceptibility and potential tropism of DENV-4 for liver, lung and heart of an immunocompetent mice model, and to evaluate and investigate the resulting morphological and ultrastructural alterations upon viral infection. BALB/c mice were inoculated intravenously with non-neuroadapted doses of DENV-4 isolated from a human case. The histopathological analysis of liver revealed typical alterations of DENV, such as microsteatosis, edema and vascular congestion, while in lung, widespread areas of hemorrhage and interstitial pneumonia were observed. While milder alterations were present in heart, characterized by limited hemorrhage and discrete presence of inflammatory infiltrate, the disorganization of the structure of the intercalated disc is of particular interest. DENV-4 RNA was detected in liver, lung, heart and serum of BALB/c mice through qRT-PCR, while the NS3 viral protein was observed in all of the aforementioned organs through immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate the susceptibility of the model to the serotype and further reinforce the usefulness of BALB/c mice in studying the many alterations caused by DENV.     

实验感染小鼠肉汁中抗旋毛虫抗体水平的研究

目的 观察小鼠感染旋毛虫后不同时间肉汁中抗体水平的变化及其与血清抗体水平的相关性。 方法 将288只昆明小鼠随机分成3组（每组96只）： 轻度（A组）、 中度（B组）及重度（C组）感染组，每鼠分别经口感染100、300、500条旋毛虫幼虫，感染后各组每周或隔周随机剖杀8只小鼠，收集血清和肉汁，用旋毛虫肌幼虫排泄物分泌抗原（ES抗原）ELISA检测血清及肉汁中抗体水平；另取30只小鼠，每鼠感染500条旋毛虫幼虫，感染后6周剖杀，制备肉样，用ELISA检测4 ℃及-20 ℃保存不同时间后的肉汁中抗体动态水平。 结果 轻度、中度和重度感染组小鼠分别在感染后4、3和3周开始从肉汁中检出抗体，抗体阳性率分别为87.5%、50%和87.5%；3组小鼠的肉汁抗体阳性率均随感染后时间的延长而逐渐升高，分别在感染后6、4和4周达100%，抗体水平均在感染后8周达高峰，吸光度（A₄₉₀值）分别为0.43、0.49及0.52，之后肉汁中抗体水平稍有下降，但感染后第18周抗体阳性率仍均为100%，A490值分别为0.35、0.41及0.46。3组小鼠感染后不同时间肉汁与血清抗体水平均具有相关性（r₁₀₀=0.940，r₃₀₀=0.970，r₅₀₀=0.983，P<0.05）。感染旋毛虫小鼠肉样在4 ℃保存7 d和1 d的抗体水平A₄₉₀值均为0.53（F=0.250，P>0.05）。在-20 ℃保存8周和1周的肉汁抗体水平A490值分别是0.46和0.50，保存8周的肉汁抗体水平与1周的相比无明显下降（F=2.273， P>0.05）；虽然保存10周的肉汁A₄₉₀值已降至0.43，与保存1周的相比差异有统计学意义（F=15.675， P<0.05），但抗体阳性率仍为100%并持续至实验结束时（保存20周）。 结论 动物死亡或屠宰后不能采集血清时，可从新鲜、冷藏及冷冻胴体采集肉汁代替血清进行抗旋毛虫抗体的检测。     

Chikungunya Virus Replication in Salivary Glands of the Mosquito Aedes albopictus

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus transmitted to humans by mosquitoes such as Aedes albopictus. To be transmitted, CHIKV must replicate in the mosquito midgut, then disseminate in the hemocele and infect the salivary glands before being released in saliva. We have developed a standardized protocol to visualize viral particles in the mosquito salivary glands using transmission electron microscopy. Here we provide direct evidence for CHIKV replication and storage in Ae. albopictus salivary glands.     

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in a Japanese Traveler with Pre-existing Japanese Encephalitis Virus Antibody

An adult Japanese man who had just returned from Thailand developed dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). A primary infection of dengue virus (DENV) was confirmed, specifically DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2), on the basis of the detection of the virus genome, a significant increase in the neutralizing antibody and the isolation of DENV-2. DHF is often observed following a secondary infection from another serotype of dengue virus, particularly in children, but this case was a primary infection of DENV. Japan is a non-endemic country for dengue disease. In fact, only Japanese encephalitis (JE) is known to be a member of the endemic flavivirus family. In this study, IgG antibody against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected. JEV belongs to the family of dengue virus and prevails in Japan, particularly Kyushu. Among many risk factors for the occurrence of DHF, a plausible candidate could be a cross-reactive antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) mechanism caused by JEV antibody. This indicates that most Japanese travelers who living in dengue non-endemic areas, particularly Kyushu, should be aware of the occurrence of DHF.     

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test for Neurocysticercosis in Patients with Symptoms of Headache and Epilepsy

头痛和癫痫是神经系统疾病的常见症状，为了调查头痛和癫痫症状与神经系统囊虫病的关系，我们应用间接荧光抗体试验，对具有头痛和／或癫痫症状的病人进行囊虫抗体检测，血清抗体总阳性率为３７％，其中单独具有头痛症状者血清抗体阳性率为４１．２％，与囊虫病密切相关（Ｐ＝０．００２），有癫痫症状者血清抗体阳性率亦较高，但无统计学意义。结果提示，在河南医科大学神经内科门诊病人中，具有头痛症状的病人血清囊虫抗体阳性占有较高比例。有排孕节史和皮下结节的患者其血清阳性率亦较高     

Increased Ifng and Il10 Expression Correlate with Disease in Rodent Models Experimentally Infected with Modoc Virus

Flaviviruses present an ongoing threat to global public health, although the factors that contribute to the disease remain incompletely understood. We examined an acute Modoc virus (MODV) infection of two rodent models. Viral RNA was detected in the kidneys, spleen, liver, brain, urine, and sera of experimentally infected deer mice, a reservoir host of MODV, and Syrian hamsters, a known disease model. As expected, clinical outcomes differed between species, and the levels of viral RNA recovered from various tissues demonstrated signs of differential replication and tissue tropism. Multivariate analysis indicated significance in the profile of expressed genes between species when analyzed across tissues and over time (p = 0.02). Between-subject effects with corrected models revealed a significance specific to the expression of Ifng (p = 0.01). the expression of Ifng was elevated in hamsters as compared to deer mice in brain tissues at all timepoints. As the over-expression of Ifng has been shown to correlate with decreased vascular integrity, the findings presented here offer a potential mechanism for viral dissemination into the CNS. The expression of IL10 also differed significantly between species at certain timepoints in brain tissues; however, it is uncertain how increased expression of this cytokine may influence the outcome of MODV-induced pathology.