磁共振成像在深部肛周脓肿诊断中的应用

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deep anorectal abscess. Methods Twenty-one patients who were suspected of having deep anorectal abscess were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2006 to December 2007, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Phased-array coil MRI was applied to all patients before the operation. We compared the efficacy of MRI and rectal digital examination in the classification of deep anorectal abscess and the diagnosis rate of internal opening according to the postoperative results. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with deep anorectal abscess, one patient had presacral cyst combined with infection and one patient had perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma. A total of 25 lesions were identified, including 14 ischiorectal abscesses, five pelvirectal abscesses, and six high intersphincteric abscesses. Thirteen patients had single space abscesses and six had multiple space abscesses. There were no significant differences in the diagnosis rate between MRI (12/19) and rectal digital examination for internal opening (13/19) (χ2 =0. 116, P>0.05). The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (25/25) and rectal digital examination (16/25) in the classification of deep anorectal abscess (χ2 = 10.970, P <0.05). Operative exploration revealed that there were 13 patients with single space abscesses and six with multiple space abscesses. The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (19/19) and the rectal digital examination (13/19) for detecting multiple space abscesses (χ2 =7. 125, P <0. 05). Conclusions MRI with a phased-array coil can accurately detect the extent of deep anorectal abscess and its relationship with anorectal sphincters. MRI examination is helpful in excluding potential lesions in the anorectal region.     

磁共振成像在深部肛周脓肿诊断中的应用

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deep anorectal abscess. Methods Twenty-one patients who were suspected of having deep anorectal abscess were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2006 to December 2007, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Phased-array coil MRI was applied to all patients before the operation. We compared the efficacy of MRI and rectal digital examination in the classification of deep anorectal abscess and the diagnosis rate of internal opening according to the postoperative results. All data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Results Nineteen patients were diagnosed with deep anorectal abscess, one patient had presacral cyst combined with infection and one patient had perianal mucinous adenocarcinoma. A total of 25 lesions were identified, including 14 ischiorectal abscesses, five pelvirectal abscesses, and six high intersphincteric abscesses. Thirteen patients had single space abscesses and six had multiple space abscesses. There were no significant differences in the diagnosis rate between MRI (12/19) and rectal digital examination for internal opening (13/19) (χ2 =0. 116, P>0.05). The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (25/25) and rectal digital examination (16/25) in the classification of deep anorectal abscess (χ2 = 10.970, P <0.05). Operative exploration revealed that there were 13 patients with single space abscesses and six with multiple space abscesses. The accuracy rate was significantly different between MRI (19/19) and the rectal digital examination (13/19) for detecting multiple space abscesses (χ2 =7. 125, P <0. 05). Conclusions MRI with a phased-array coil can accurately detect the extent of deep anorectal abscess and its relationship with anorectal sphincters. MRI examination is helpful in excluding potential lesions in the anorectal region.     

肛周脓肿的磁共振成像研究

目的探讨磁共振成像（MRI）对肛周脓肿的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2007年7月至2009年3月间复旦大学附属金山医院收治的50例肛周脓肿患者的临床和MRI影像学资料。按以下步骤进行MRI检查：横断面T1WI,横断面、冠状面和（或）矢状面T2WI抑脂序列平扫,横断面、冠状面和（或）矢状面增强扫描。分析脓肿的部位、大小、形态、信号和增强特征。结果50例患者通过MRI共检出51个脓肿病灶．脓肿在T1WI表现为等或略低信号,T2WI抑脂脓腔呈明显高信号。增强见脓肿壁明显强化。脓肿最大径（3．4±1．7）cm,脓腔最大径（2．7±1．7）cm。脓肿呈类圆形26个,长圆形18个,新月形7个：脓腔单房41个,多房10个。脓肿位于肛提肌下方、括约肌间沟上方23例．位于括约肌间沟下方3例．跨肛提肌及括约肌间沟1例,跨肛提肌7例,跨括约肌间沟16例,肛提肌上方1例。结论MRI能无创、方便、准确地诊断肛周脓肿,清晰显示脓肿与肛管结构的解剖关系。     

磁共振成像在复杂性肛瘘诊断中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振成像(MRI)在复杂性肛瘘诊断中的应用价值.方法 28例临床诊断为复杂性肛瘘的患者,术前进行磁共振相控阵列线圈检查.以手术结果为标准,比较术前指诊和MRI的诊断结果.结果 有25例患者诊断为复杂性肛瘘,1例为骶前囊肿合并与直肠相通的瘘道,2例肛瘘伴癌变.25例肛瘘Parks分类显示:经括约肌肛瘘3例,括约肌间肛瘘10例,括约肌外肛瘘5例,括约肌上肛瘘7例;MRI与术前指诊检查结果比较,内口检出符合率为84%比48%:原发主管、支管或脓腔检出准确率为100%比76%、94.7%比57.9%;两种检查方法比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 应用MRI相控阵列线圈能准确定位复杂性肛瘘的内口、瘘管的走向及其与肛管直肠括约肌复合体之间的复杂关系,对排除肛瘘伴其他肛管直肠周围病变具有确切意义.     

磁共振成像在复杂性肛瘘诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振成像（MRI）在复杂性肛瘘诊断中的应用价值。方法28例临床诊断为复杂性肛瘘的患者，术前进行磁共振相控阵列线圈检查。以手术结果为标准，比较术前指诊和MRI的诊断结果。结果有25例患者诊断为复杂性肛瘘，1例为骶前囊肿合并与直肠相通的瘘道，2例肛瘘伴癌变。25例肛瘘Parks分类显示：经括约肌肛瘘3例，括约肌间肛瘘10例，括约肌外肛瘘5例，括约肌上肛瘘7例；MRI与术前指诊检查结果比较，内口检出符合率为84％比48％；原发主管、支管或脓腔检出准确率为100％比76％、94．7％比57．9％；两种检查方法比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论应用MRI相控阵列线圈能准确定位复杂性肛瘘的内口、瘘管的走向及其与肛管直肠括约肌复合体之间的复杂关系，对排除肛瘘伴其他肛管直肠周围病变具有确切意义。     

磁共振胰胆管成像在梗阻性黄疸诊断中的应用

目的 评价磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）对梗阻性黄疸梗阻部位及原因的诊断价值。方法 对36例梗阻性黄疸患者行MRCP检查,所有患者均经手术及病理证实。结果 MRCP对梗阻性黄疸梗阻部位诊断正确率为100％,梗阻原因诊断正确率为66．7％,MRCP结合MRI诊断正确率达80．6％,各类病变均具有其特征性表现。结论 MRCP图像质量高,不需造影剂,无相关并发症,故对梗阻性黄疸的诊断安全可靠,MRCP结合MRI可有效提高对梗阻性质判断的准确性。     

磁共振尿路成像在输尿管肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

磁共振尿路成像（ＭＲＵ）是检查上尿路的一种新方法,我们将此方法用于输尿管肿瘤诊断,报道如下。临床资料　本组１０例。男７例,女３例。年龄４３～６７岁。血尿,Ｂ超提示左肾盂输尿管积水３例,右肾盂输尿管积水７例,均高度怀疑输尿管肿瘤。拟行ＩＶＵ,３例碘过敏试验阳性,７例患者未显影或显影不满意。方法　使用美国ＧＥ公司１－５Ｔ高场强磁共振仪,检查前禁食５～６小时。不做腹部压迫,患者在不屏气、平静呼吸下扫描,检查前训练患者的呼吸度。先采用自旋回波技术（ＳＥ）为患者作ＭＲ常规扫描,采用快速自旋回波（ＦＳＥ）和…     

磁共振成像在前列腺癌诊断中的作用

目的：探讨磁共振成像（MRI）在前列腺癌诊断中的作用。方法：对55例经前列腺活检证实为前列腺疾病患者（包括前列腺癌25例，非前列腺癌30例）进行了MRI检查，并将MRI检查结果与经直肠超声（TRUS）检查结果进行比较。结果：MRI和TRUS对前列腺癌诊断的准确率分别为75.0%和71.4%。两者差异无显著性意义。结论：MRI是评价前列腺癌的一种较好的影像学方法，有助于前列腺癌的临床分期。     

高场磁共振成像在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值

为探讨1．5T高场磁共振成像（MRI）在肛瘘诊断中的应用价值,对31例临床诊断为肛瘘的患者术前应用1．5T高场磁共振体部相控阵列线圈进行轴位、矢状位、冠状位的多种序列的检查。结果发现,MRI诊断结果与手术诊断结果完全一致,吻合率达到100％。其中经括约肌肛瘘9例,括约肌间肛瘘16例,括约肌外肛瘘1例,括约肌上肛瘘5例。单纯性肛瘘11例,复杂性肛瘘20例。MRI对瘘管显示的敏感度为100％;对脓肿显示的敏感度为100％;内口有2例为假阴性,对内口显示的敏感度为93．5％。结果表明,应用1．5T高场MRI能准确定位肛瘘的内口、瘘管的走向及其与肛管直肠括约肌之间的关系,具有重要的临床实用和推广价值。     

磁共振成像在泌尿系统疾病中的应用

磁共振成像 (MRI)应用于临床近 2 0年 ,由于其组织分辨率高 ,无创伤 ,无辐射 ,可多方位成像 ,尤其是新技术的应用克服了呼吸运动的伪影 ,能进行尿路成像、肾灌注成像和扩散成像 ,使得 MRI在泌尿系统、前列腺及肾上腺疾病中得到广泛的应用 ,并显示出其巨大的优越性 ,成为替代或补充普通 X线、超声和 CT的重要检查方法。1　肾脏病变肾脏由高信号的肾周脂肪包绕 ,形成自然对比 ,容易识别和显示 ,不用造影剂就能区别肾皮质和肾髓质。常规的自旋回波 (SE)序列、梯度回波(GE)序列 ,以及新近开发应用的同相位反相位梯度回波序列 ,磁共振肾动…     

Spinal dysraphism with anorectal malformation: lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of 120 patients

Purpose

We evaluated the prevalence of spinal dysraphism (SD) in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

From January 2002 to March 2009, 120 patients with ARM who underwent anorectal reconstruction were evaluated for SD with sacral plain film, spinal ultrasonography (US), and lumbosacral MRI. We adopted Krickenbeck international classification of ARM.

Results

Spinal dysraphism was present in 41 (34.2%) of 120 patients with ARM, 3 (13.0%) of 23 patients with perineal fistula, 7 (29.2%) of 24 patients with vestibular fistula, 4 (36.4%) of 11 patients with rectovesical fistula, 18 (40.9%) of 44 patients with rectourethral fistula, and 9 (60.0%) of 15 patients with cloacal anomaly (P = .04). Among 41 patients having SD detected by MR, 26 patients (26/41; 63.4%) underwent detethering surgery for tethered spinal cord. The mean sacral ratio (SR) in patients who underwent detethering surgery (0.54 ± 0.19) was significantly lower than in patients who did not undergo detethering surgery (0.69 ± 0.13; P < .001). The optimal cutoff for the SR value predicting SD requiring detethering surgery was 0.605, with sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 77.7%.

Conclusions

Spinal dysraphism is common in patients with ARM, and its prevalence is higher in patients with complex ARM. Spinal anomalies can occur even with benign types of ARM and, therefore, that all patients should be screened. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in detecting occult SD that may be missed by conventional radiologic evaluation, physical examination, and spinal US. We further recommend a lumbosacral MRI examination in those whose SR is lower than 0.6.     

肛门直肠畸形术后排粪失禁患儿盆腔磁共振成像表现及其临床意义

目的通过肛门直肠畸形术后排粪失禁患儿的盆腔MRI表现,了解盆底肌的形态,直肠、肛管的形态和位置,以及脊髓和骶骨的发育,为分析排粪失禁的原因及制订治疗方案提供客观依据。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2011年12月间山东大学第二医院收治的34例肛门直肠畸形术后排粪失禁患儿的临床和影像资料,其中男2l例,女13例,年龄3,14岁。应用1．5TMR扫描仪,常规行轴位、冠状位及矢状位扫描,观察肛门括约肌、耻骨直肠肌和提肛肌、直肠、肛管的形态,以及脊髓、骶骨的发育情况。结果MRI检查提示：肛门外括约肌发育不良18例,耻骨直肠肌发育不良23例,肛提肌发育不良27例;直肠位置异常6例,直肠扩张12例,肛直角增大11例;肛管周围脂肪组织5例;合并神经管闭合不全2例,Currarino综合征2例,骶骨发育不全11例,直肠尿道瘘2例。以上影像学结果均经临床最终证实。结论MRI可清楚显示肛门外括约肌、耻骨直肠肌和肛提肌的形态,以及直肠和肛管的形态和位置,同时还可显示脊髓和骶骨的发育情况,是评价肛门直肠畸形术后排粪失禁患儿非常有价值的检查方法。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWl)及相应的表观扩散系数(ADC)在胰腺癌诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年3月至2011年6月无锡市第二人民医院收治的36例胰腺癌患者和30例健康志愿者的临床资料.66例受试者接受MRI检查,进行DWI扫描.胰腺癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌周组织在T1WI、T2WI及DWI图像中的信号强度比(SIR)的比较采用单因素方差分析;肿瘤组织与癌周组织的ADC值比较采用配对t检验;肿瘤组织、癌周组织分别与健康志愿者胰腺组织的ADC值比较采用独立样本t检验.结果 胰腺癌患者术前MRI检查诊断的准确性达到92％.T2WT、T1WI及DWI图像中,胰腺癌患者的SIR分别为0.203±0.190、0.399±0.201及0.579±0.291,肿瘤组织和癌周组织的信号强度在3组图像间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.92,6.15,6.83,P＜0.05);患者在T1WI和DWI图像中的SIR均明显高于T2WI图像(P＜0.05),而T1WI与DWI图像SIR比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).测量患者肿瘤组织、癌周组织、健康志愿者胰腺组织的平均ADC值分别为(1.40 ±0.24)×10-3 mm2/s、(1.71±0.10) ×10-3 mm2/s、(1.73 ±0.30) ×10-3mm2/s,肿瘤组织与癌周组织、肿瘤组织与胰腺组织的ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义(t=10.54,12.08,P＜0.05).结论 DWI图像可以清晰地显示胰腺癌病灶,ADC值的测定有助于胰腺癌的诊断.     

Value of magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis

MRI has shown its potential in prostate cancer (PCa) imaging. MRI is able to demonstrate zonal anatomy with excellent contrast resolution. Furthermore it can detect PCa dependent not only on tumor-size, histological grading, PSA levels, but also on technical equipment and reader’s experience. Non-palpable PCas in the inner and outer gland can be detected by this technique. Another potential is that MRI is helpful for tumor staging and treatment planning as well as response evaluation. Besides the morphological information, MRI can give functional information based on metabolic evaluation with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and of tumor angiogenesis based on dynamic contrast-material enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. In addition MRI can be used for targeted prostate biopsies; however, the clinical practicability is questionable. Furthermore many data about the value of MRI for PCa diagnosis are based on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy findings. Since there is lack of accuracy in fusing MRI images with TRUS images these limit the results of MRI for cancer diagnosis. However, in the future MRI may play an additional role in planning and monitoring minimally invasive PCa therapies. Although, MRI of the prostate seems to be useful, nevertheless this method remains expensive and lacks availability regarding the oncoming requirements.     

Magnetic resonance imaging and the nonoperative treatment of spinal epidural abscess

This report describes three patients with spinal epidural abscess diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging and treated nonoperatively. Prior to treatment, one patient was neurologically intact, one patient demonstrated a moderate neurological deficit, and one patient was severely paraparetic with loss of bladder and bowel control. Following identification of the pathogenic organism, antibiotic therapy was continued until the patients demonstrated clinical improvement and radiological resolution of the abscess. All patients remained stable or improved neurologically. Analysis of 33 previously reported patients treated with antibiotics suggests that nonoperative treatment may be a reasonable alternative therapy under certain clinical conditions. These include (1) identification of the pathogenic organism, (2) a stable neurological condition, (3) access to magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography for potentially rapid reevaluation, and (4) appropriate neurosurgical consultation and nursing care. Nonoperative treatment may also be considered as a reasonable alternative for patients who have severe concurrent medical illness.